scholarly journals Aiming for Zero: Reducing Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the D.C. Department of Corrections

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory E Epting ◽  
Jacob A Pluznik ◽  
Samantha R Levano ◽  
Xinyi Hua ◽  
Isaac C H Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Intensive Monitoring ◽  
Department Of Corrections

Abstract Background Washington, District of Columbia lowered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission in its large jail while community incidence was still high Methods Coordinated clinical and operational interventions brought new cases to near zero. Results Aggressive infection control and underlying jail architecture can promote correctional coronavirus disease 2019 management. Conclusions More intensive monitoring could help confirm that in-house transmission is truly zero.

scholarly journals Thoracic surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Madrid, Spain: single-centre report

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-996
Author(s):  
Lucas Hoyos Mejía ◽  
Alejandra Romero Román ◽  
Mariana Gil Barturen ◽  
Maria del Mar Córdoba Pelaez ◽  
José Luis Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Related Symptom ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Lung Transplants

Abstract OBJECTIVES We reviewed the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 cases and the postoperative outcomes of patients who had thoracic surgery during the beginning and at the highest point of transmission in our community. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who had undergone elective thoracic surgery from 12 February 2020 to 30 April 2020 and were symptomatic or tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection within 14 days after surgery, with a focus on their complications and potential deaths. RESULTS Out of 101 surgical procedures, including 57 primary oncological resections, 6 lung transplants and 18 emergency procedures, only 5 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 were identified, 3 in the immediate postoperative period and 2 as outpatients. All 5 patients had cancer; the median age was 64 years. The main virus-related symptom was fever (80%), and the median onset of coronavirus disease 2019 was 3 days. Although 80% of the patients who had positive test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 required in-hospital care, none of them were considered severe or critical and none died. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that, in properly selected cases, with short preoperative in-hospital stays, strict isolation and infection control protocols, managed by a dedicated multidisciplinary team, a surgical procedure could be performed with a relatively low risk for the patient.

scholarly journals Lessons from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): Implications for Infection Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Wenzel ◽  
Gonzalo Bearman ◽  
Michael B. Edmond
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control

Factors Associated With Critical-Care Healthcare Workers' Adherence to Recommended Barrier Precautions During the Toronto Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shigayeva ◽  
K. Green ◽  
J. M. Raboud ◽  
B. Henry ◽  
A. E. Simor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Interactive Training ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Score Apache ◽  
Self Protection

Objective.To assess factors associated with adherence to recommended barrier precautions among healthcare workers (HCWs) providing care to critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Setting.Fifteen acute care hospitals in Ontario, CanadaDesign.Retrospective cohort study.Patients.All patients with SARS who required intubation during the Toronto SARS outbreak in 2003.Participants.HCWS who provided care to or entered the room of a SARS patient during the period from 24 hours before intubation until 4 hours after intubation.Methods.Standardized interviews were conducted with eligible HCWs to assess their interactions with the SARS patient, their use of barrier precautions, their practices for removing personal protective equipment, and the infection control training they received.Results.Of 879 eligible HCWs, 795 (90%) participated. In multivariate analysis, the following predictors of consistent adherence to recommended barrier precautions were identified: recognition of the patient as a SARS case (odds ratio [OR], 2.5 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.5-4.5); recent infection control training (OR for interactive training, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.7-4.4]; OR for passive training, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0-3.0]), and working in a SARS unit (OR, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.8-8.9]) or intensive care unit (OR, 4.3 [95% CI, 2.0-9.0]). Two factors were associated with significantly lower rates of consistent adherence: the provision of care for patients with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores (OR for score APACHE II of 20 or greater, 0.4 [95% CI, 0.28-0.68]) and work on shifts that required more frequent room entry (OR for 6 or more entries per shift, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.32-0.86]).Conclusions.There were significant deficits in knowledge about self-protection that were partially corrected by education programs during the SARS outbreak. HCWs' adherence to self-protection guidelines was most closely associated with whether they provided care to patients who had received a definite diagnosis of SARS.

Nosocomial Acquisition of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusDuring an Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Poutanen ◽  
Mary Vearncombe ◽  
Allison J. McGeer ◽  
Michael Gardam ◽  
Grant Large ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Control Education ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

AbstractObjective:The four hospitals assessed in this study use active surveillance cultures for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and contact precautions for MRSA-positive patients as part of routine infection control practices. The objective of this study was to determine whether nosocomial acquisition of MRSA decreased in these hospitals during an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) when barrier precautions were routinely used for all patients.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Three tertiary-care hospitals (a 1,100-bed hospital; a 500-bed hospital; and an 823-bed hospital) and a 430-bed community hospital, each located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Patients:All admitted patients were included.Results:The nosocomial rate of MRSA in all four hospitals combined during the SARS outbreak (3.7 per 10,000 patient-days) was not significantly different from that before (4.7 per 10,000 patient-days) or after (3.4 per 10,000 patient-days) the outbreak (P= .30 andP= .76, respectively). The nosocomial rate of MRSA after the outbreak was significantly lower than that before the outbreak (P= .003). Inappropriate reuse of gloves and gowns and failure to wash hands between patients on non-SARS wards were observed during the outbreak. Increased attention was paid to infection control education following the outbreak.Conclusions:Inappropriate reuse of gloves and gowns and failure to wash hands between patients may have contributed to transmission of MRSA during the SARS outbreak. Attention should be paid to training healthcare workers regarding the appropriate use of precautions as a means to protect themselves and patients.

scholarly journals The Saudi Infection Control Guidance for Re-opening Dental Services in Governmental and Private Sectors During Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Ali AlAhdal ◽  
Haila Al-Huraishi ◽  
Ahmad Almalag ◽  
Adel Alrusayes ◽  
Saud M Orfali
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
And Control

Objective: Novel newly discovered coronavirus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is a recently emerging virus that has been rapidly spreading globally since December 2019. Due to the vicinity inoro-dental treatment and aerosol production, people inside the dental office are at high risk of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. This guideline aims to protect the dental health-care workers during their plans to re-open and increasingly continue their routine services until further notice from their governing body. Methods: A panel of experts in dentistry and infection prevention and control reviewed the local and global research and guidelines related to infection prevention and control during coronavirus disease-2019, along with the re-opening guidance provided by different entities. Results: Such a document might either be adopted or adapted to any regional and international organization that wishes to use a revised professional guideline in infection prevention and control dental services. Conclusion: A careful re-opening plan should be developed and implemented, including strict infection control measures before resuming the dental practice.

scholarly journals INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTAL CLINICS DURING COVID 19 –Original Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raunak Manjeet ◽  
KULDEEP D’MELLO ◽  
ATUL SINGH ◽  
SWATI SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Aerosol Infection

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS COV 2) and its linked corona virus disease has troubled the entire world community led to a serious public health concerns. Despite the various efforts to stop the spread of this disease globally, the outbreak is still on the rise because of the community spread pattern of this disease. This is believed to have originated in bats pangolins initially later it got transmitted to humans. Once it comes in the human body , this corona virus remains abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients. Its spreading nature is mainly through the respiratory droplet spread / aerosol infection. Dental professionals, including Orthodontists , Oral Surgeons , Periodontists, Endodontists and Prosthodontists are all at high risk, since they may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS COV 2 infection will have to act accordingly not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief detailing of the cause, sign symptoms and different routes of transmission of this infection. In addition specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies and patient management protocol . KEY WORDS Coronavirus ,COVID 19, SARS COV 2 ,Dental practice ,Orthodontics ,OMFS, severe acute respiratory syndrome .

SMALL WORLD AND SCALE FREE MODEL OF TRANSMISSION OF SARS

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 1745-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL SMALL ◽  
CHI K. TSE
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Small World ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Free Model ◽  
Analytic Expression

We model transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in Hong Kong with a complex small world network. Each node in the network is connected to its immediate neighbors and a random number of geographically isolated nodes. Transmission can only occur along these links. We find that this model exhibits dynamics very similar to those observed during the SARS outbreak in 2003. We derive an analytic expression for the rate of infection and confirm this expression with computational simulations. An immediate consequence of this quantity is that the severity of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong in 2003 was due to ineffectual infection control in hospitals (i.e. nosocomial transmission). If all infectious individuals were isolated as rapidly as they were identified the severity of the outbreak would have been minimal.

scholarly journals Care of Patients With a Laryngectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. M. Yeung ◽  
Ronald Lai ◽  
Eddy W. Y. Wong ◽  
Jason Y. K. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hong Kong Sar ◽  
Physical Barriers

Patients with a laryngectomy are at increased risk for droplet-transmitted diseases and, therefore, COVID-19, which has now caused a worldwide pandemic. Adaptive measures to protect patients with a laryngectomy and their families were designed and implemented in the Hong Kong SAR (HK). Driven by the fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, hospitals in HK have since modified infection control routines to prevent a repeat public health nightmare. To face COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, we have adapted guidelines for our patients with a laryngectomy. Contact precautions, droplet precautions with physical barriers, and hand and equipment hygiene are our mainstays of prevention against COVID-19, and sharing these routines is the aim of this article. The COVID-19 pandemic is still roaring ahead. Awareness and precautions for patients with a laryngectomy who may be at higher risk are outlined here and should be maintained during the current pandemic.

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