Cleavage Types and Conflict in Multiethnic States

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-101
Author(s):  
Manuel Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Large N ◽  
Multiethnic States ◽  
States Experience ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter tests the structural part of the book’s theory from a global perspective. It analyzes the relationship between ethnic cleavage types and the prevalence of different forms of ethnopolitical contention. Relying on large-n statistical analyses, it shows, first, that the extremely unequal colonial settler states experience fewer and less lethal ethnic civil conflicts but higher levels of peaceful ethnopolitical contention than the decolonized states and other multiethnic countries. These results are robust when considering the immediate postindependence period of the settler states and when testing for the possible endogeneity of cleavage types. Second, the chapter confirms that the theorized effects of hierarchization and social integration apply to all multiethnic states in general. Ethnic civil conflict is generally more likely the more segmented and less hierarchically structured multiethnic states are. Specifically, stable between-group hierarchies reduce the risk of governmental conflict, whereas segmentation only affects secessionist conflicts.

Adverse Rainfall Shocks and Civil War: Myth or Reality?

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200272096979
Author(s):  
Ricardo Maertens
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

News reports and policymakers frequently link African civil conflicts and wars to agricultural crises caused by droughts. However, empirical studies of the relationship between rainfall and civil conflict or war remain inconclusive. I reexamine this relationship focusing on rainfall over each country’s agricultural land during the growing seasons. I also incorporate that the relationship between rainfall and agricultural output is hump-shaped, as rainfall beyond a threshold decreases output. I find a U-shaped relationship between rainfall and the risk of civil conflict and war in (Sub-Saharan) African countries. This relationship mirrors the hump-shaped relationship between rainfall and agricultural output.

scholarly journals A congruence analysis of the inequality–conflict nexus: Evidence from 16 cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-358
Author(s):  
Henrikas Bartusevičius
Keyword(s):  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
Large N ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Congruence Analysis ◽  
Conflict Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Horizontal Inequalities

The relationship between inequality and civil conflict has attracted considerable interest in conflict research. Recent large -N studies have shown that inequalities significantly contribute to the outbreak of civil conflict and have proposed a number of causal pathways to account for this. These pathways, however, have rarely been assessed in systematic case-based research. This study implements a “middle -N” qualitative congruence analysis of 16 conflicts, focusing on the observable implications of the pathways through which inequalities are typically theorized to influence conflict. The study finds evidence to support some of the main pathways proposed in the quantitative literature. Furthermore, the analysis finds that different types of inequalities relate to different conflict categories. Specifically, vertical inequalities relate to non-ethnic governmental conflicts (via an “individual deprivation pathway”), regional inequalities to non-ethnic territorial conflicts (via a “separatist pathway”), and horizontal inequalities to ethnic conflicts (via a “group deprivation pathway”).

Characterization of Auditory Disability and Its Relation to the Resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Bibian Bibeca Bumbila García ◽  
Hernán Andrés Cedeño Cedeño ◽  
Tatiana Moreira Chica ◽  
Yaritza Rossana Parrales Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Hearing Disability ◽  
Technical University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

The objective of the work is to establish the characterization of the auditory disability and its relationship with resilience at the Technical University of Manabí. The article shows a conceptual analysis related to the inclusion and social integration of disabled students. Based on the fact that the person with disabilities grows and develops in the same way as that of people without disabilities and what usually happens is that disabled people are rejected and discriminated against based on a prefabricated and erroneous conceptualization of these people. The results associated with the application of the SV-RES test prepared by the researchers are shown (Saavedra & Villalta, 2008b). Characterization of the auditory deficit is made in the students, and the limitations that derive from it are pointed out. We analyze the particularities related to communication with students who have a hearing disability and resilience in this type of student, where some personal highlights that in this sense constitute an example of resilience. Finally, the results related to the study of the relationship between students' hearing disability and the level of resilience dimensions are shown.

Hours of Paid Work and Volunteering: Evidence From Danish Panel Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402199166
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Y. Qvist
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Time Constraint ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Constraint Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

The nature of the relationship between the time people spend on paid work and volunteering remains debated in the social sciences. Time constraint theory suggests a negative relationship because people can allocate only as much time to volunteering as their work responsibilities permit. However, social integration theory suggests a more complex inverse U-shaped relationship because paid work not only limits people’s free time but also plays a key role in their social integration. Departing from these competing theories, this study uses two-wave panel data from Denmark to examine the relationship between hours of paid work and volunteering. In support of time constraint theory, the results suggest that hours of paid work have a significant negative effect on the total number of hours that people spend volunteering, not mainly because paid work hours affect people’s propensity to volunteer but because they affect the number of hours that volunteers contribute.

Economic Distress, Social Integration, and Family Satisfaction

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA VOYDANOFF ◽  
BRENDA W. DONNELLY ◽  
MARK A. FINE
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Economic Strain ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines relationships between economic distress and family satisfaction and the effects of social integration on these relationships. The sample includes 1,561 married respondents between the ages of 18 and 65 who were interviewed as part of the 1983 and 1986 General Social Surveys. Results indicate that the income components of economic distress are related to family satisfaction while the employment components are not. Economic distress is negatively related to social integration; social integration is positively related to family satisfaction. One aspect of social integration, satisfaction with friends, partially mediates the relationship between economic strain and family satisfaction. Patterns of relationships are similar across sex and occupational subgroups.

scholarly journals Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Folayan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Robert J Schroth ◽  
Ana Vukovic ◽  
Authur Kemoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
National Income ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background: Malnutrition is the main risk factor for most common communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children. Methods: Matched country-level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence were generated from databases covering the period 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for gross national income per capita. Adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed. Results: The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence was 23.8 (14.8)% for 0-2 year-olds and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5-year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (η2= 0.21): one percent higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B= 0.12, P= 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (η2= 0.08): one percent higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B= -0.14, P= 0.048). Conclusion: Country-level prevalence of ECC was associated with malnutrition in 0-2-year-olds and with anemia in 3-5-year-olds. The pathway for the direct relationship between ECC and overweight may be diet related. The pathway for the inverse relationship between ECC and anemia is less clear and needs further investigations.

scholarly journals Associations between early childhood caries and malnutrition and anemia: A global perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Folayan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Robert J Schroth ◽  
Ana Vukovic ◽  
Authur Kemoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
National Income ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background To determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children.Methods Matched country level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence information were generated from databases covering the period from 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for Gross National Income per capita. The adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed.Results The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence for 0-2 year-olds was 23.8 (14.8)% and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5 year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight was 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting was 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia was 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association observed was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (η2= 0.21): one percent higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B= 0.12, P= 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was observed between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (η2= 0.08): one percent higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B= -0.14, P= 0.048).Conclusion There were age-related disparities in the relationship between country-level prevalence of ECC, malnutrition and anemia. The relationship between ECC and overweight may be due to intake of sugars. The relationship between ECC and anemia needs further investigations.

scholarly journals PROSES PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERDATA DI PENGADILAN NEGERI DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN TRANSAKSI YANG MENGGUNAKAN INTERNET

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanyoto Sanyoto ◽  
Antonius Sidik Maryono ◽  
Rahadi Wasi Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The People ◽  
Banking Activity ◽  
Private Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The growth of technological Progress make the change of pattern in  the socialize human life, and it can conduct the economic activity in the local scale, regional and also global. In the individual assocciation by using internet technology will take the relation pattern between individual which it is unlike what that happened in the real world. By the existence of internet, contractual terms between subject of law and each other without meeting (face to face), even it is enabled for subject of law not to recognizing each other. During the people conducting activity in the illusory world, especially in the private law, like commerce, agreement and also banking activity, it is enabled to take a problems such as performed in the conventional private relationship. If the consumer internet in the private activity feel their private rights are impinged and they are wish to claim their rights, so there is civil conflict.  The relationship between the individual in the transaction using internet not yet arrange peculiarly in law and regulation. But judge have to find the law and also create the law if he confronted with a dispute in the transaction using internet. Kata kunci : hakim, hukum, internet, perdagangan elektronik, tanda tangan digital

scholarly journals Lisa Hultman, Jacob D. Kathman and Megan Shannon: Peacekeeping in the Midst of War

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Barbora Valíková
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Violence Reduction ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Large N ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

Are United Nations peacekeeping missions effective at reducing violence in civil wars? Although UN peacekeeping is a notable intervention tool, the international community lacks systematic knowledge of how well it mitigates civil war violence. Given that UN peacekeeping is increasingly used in the midst of war, this is a significant research gap with direct policy relevance. This book systematically explores if and how the capacity and constitution of UN peacekeeping missions affect the amount of violence in civil conflicts. It argues that peacekeeping effectiveness needs to be assessed in relative terms, theorizing that more robust missions are increasingly capable of addressing combatant incentives for employing violence. The authors conduct large-n analyses of the number of combatants and civilians killed during each month for all civil wars globally from 1992 to 2014, measuring the capacity and constitution of UN missions with unique data on the number and type of peacekeeping personnel deployed. The analyses reveal that increasing UN military troop and police personnel deployed to a conflict significantly reduces violence against civilians, and increasing UN military troop personnel significantly mitigates battle-related violence. By contrast, smaller missions and missions composed of observers are not associated with reduced violence. The book complements the large-n analyses with qualitative explorations of peacekeeping mechanisms on violence in Côte d’Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The authors conclude that while peacekeeping is not without detriments, it is an effective tool of violence reduction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document