Adaptations, Appropriations, and Aerobics

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-256
Author(s):  
Anya P. Foxen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Modern Yoga ◽  
Historical Dynamics

Chapter 6 examines the effect of historical dynamics upon the development of modern yoga practice, in the United States and Europe as well as India. Indian yogis were intimately familiar not only with Western physical culture but also Western metaphysical traditions. For this reason, one finds a diffusion of Western harmonial language into the writings on Indian yogis, where such terms are used to express an entirely different school of metaphysical concepts. This is mirrored by the ways in which Sanskrit terms are being used in Euro-American sources to represent genealogically Western harmonial concepts. The chapter concludes by examining the multiple waves of synthesis affected by later teachers of this hybrid yoga, such as Indra Devi, who found themselves at pains to differentiate between the yogic teachings they brought from India and the naturalized content of the broader harmonial fitness movement.

Delsarte, François (1811–1871)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie J. Preston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
Actor Training ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Bodily Expression

A performer and teacher of voice and movement, François Delsarte developed a theory of expression that influenced modern dance, actor training, poetic recitation, silent film, and physical culture in the early twentieth century. His ideas and methods were brought to the United States in 1871 by his student, Steele Mackaye (1842–1894), and then adapted by performers, physical culturists, and reformers into a diverse set of movements known as Delsartism. Extremely popular from the 1880s through the 1920s, Delsartism promoted physical exercises and poetic recitation for health and personal development as well as for professional performance. The movement traveled back to Europe to establish trajectories in many fields of modernist aesthetics and education, all emphasizing bodily expression, classical ideas of beauty, and a unique, improvable selfhood.

scholarly journals Political Identity and Economists’ Perceptions of Capitalist Crises

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Horowitz ◽  
Robert Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Psychology ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Historical Dynamics

Radical critics have long impugned conventional economists as ideologically committed to capitalism and blind to its historical dynamics and crisis tendencies. This report evaluates this longstanding criticism. Surveying academic economists in the United States, we find the field quite skeptical of the prospects of capitalist crises. Despite considerable consensus, political orientation is a highly significant predictor of respondents’ outlooks. We close by interpreting our findings from the standpoint of current research in political psychology. Jel classification: A13, A14, B14

scholarly journals Contemporary tendencies in the sociology of sport: From constitution to „fragmented“ discipline

Sociologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254
Author(s):  
Ivana Milovanovic ◽  
Sandra Radenovic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Sociological Knowledge ◽  
Sociology Of Sport ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
Market Relations

In the paper, the authors point to the elements of the development of the sociology of sport, through the process of ?extrication? of sport from play and leisure to the transformation of discipline conditioned by a pragmatic consumerist approach to sport, and therefore by the sociology of sport. First, they provide an overview of the emergence and constitution of the sociology of sport in Europe and the United States, with a focus on the development of that discipline in Serbia. Emphasizing that contemporary sport is largely shaped by market relations in mass society, the authors point to the importance of sociological research on the mutual influence of sport on society and society on sport, with a critical reaffirmation of the issues of contextual cognitive possibilities and social conditionality of sport. In particular, they emphasize the need for reaffirmation of the sociology of physical culture, which in its cognitive oeuvre is closer to the sociology of culture and general sociology, as opposed to the contemporary pragmatically conditioned tendencies to ?fragment? the sociology of sport towards new related sub-disciplines. Therefore, the authors argue that the existence of a number of sub-disciplines that have arisen from the sociology of sport is one of the evident indicators that in the domain of sociological knowledge, it is difficult to overcome the influences of pragmatic-new-positivist approaches, which narrow not only the critical-cognitive aspects, but also the practical needs of society for a true understanding and the humane development of the sport and activities related to it.

“To Popularize the Nude in Art”: Comstockery Reconsidered

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Picard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Free Love

Of all the figures in the struggle over turn-of-the-century vice reform, Anthony Comstock is perhaps the last one might expect to encounter immortalized in the nude. He acquired his fame as a censor of nudity, among other offenses: from 1873 to his death in 1915, Assistant United States Postmaster Comstock lent his name and his enthusiasm for law enforcement to the prosecution of the “Comstock Laws,” the eponymous statutes which restricted the dissemination of vicious images and information through the United States mail. In his government post and as the head of New York City's private Society for the Suppression of Vice, Comstock prosecuted quack physicians, abortionists, lottery runners, purveyors of lewd literature and art, free love advocates and physical culture devotees. By the end of his career, he had arrested more than 3,700 people and burned over fifty tons of obscene books, 3,984,063 obscene pictures, and 16,900 photographic plates.

From Physical Culture to the Primal Life

2019 ◽  
pp. 193-218
Author(s):  
Hamilton M. Stapell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Mainstream Society

The evolutionary approach to health and disease is typically understood as a recent phenomenon, originating with Boyd Eaton in the 1980s. However, a similar movement swept the United States and Europe more than 100 years ago. Evidence from late 19th- and early 20th-century sources demonstrates the application of Darwinian theory to the health problems of the time. Fearing the deleterious effects of mass urbanization and industrialization, proponents of the physical culture movement offered many familiar “Paleo” recommendations such as the consumption of whole foods, periodic fasting, and drugless medical treatments. Similar to today, these early physical culturalists were often branded as “kooks” by the medical establishment and mainstream society. The central argument of this chapter is that physical culture movement of 100 years ago and the ancestral health movement of today are responses to rapid social, economic, and technological change, namely, to the Industrial Revolution and the Digital Revolution.

scholarly journals *Quantum Healing: Exploring the Frontiers of Mind-Body Healing, *Yoga for the West & *Science of Stretching

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Donna Martin ◽  
Jim Dreaver ◽  
Willow Rain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi ◽  
The West ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Selection Of

Deepak Chopra, author of Quantum Healing, a practicing endocrinologist who trained both in India and the United States, brings together in this book both Western medical understanding and research with the insights of Ayurveda as given to him by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. *Ian Rawlinson's Yoga for the West is a beautifully presented, easy-to-read manual for the serious yoga student. The book opens with a foreword by T.K.V. Desikachar, one of India's leading yoga teachers and the main inspiration behind the author's work. *Deconditioning the body, relaxing the mind, freeing perception: these are some of the benefits of a regular yoga practice. Studying for intellectual clarity is an essential part of that practice, and information is available from a dizzying selection of sources and disciplines. The subject of this book is flexibility within the context of gymnastics and kinesiology. Author Michael J. Alter, of theScience of Stretching, is a former gymnast, coach and nationally certified men's gymnastics judge. Then reading this book from the perspective of a yoga teacher and therapist

Breathing for Nerve Force, Posing for Poise

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-144
Author(s):  
Anya P. Foxen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Yoga ◽  
Aesthetic Form ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Dress Reform ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 3 examines the relationship between lingering harmonial ideas and the nineteenth-century evolution of physical culture. Specifically it relates the development of Ling Swedish gymnastics, the Movement Cure, and American Delsarteism with the rise of alternative medical therapies and gender dynamics. In doing so, it points to two trends that speak to modern yoga’s form as well as its gender demographics. First, modern yoga—especially the vastly popular dance-like flow styles—looks most like the light calisthenics that would have been prescribed for women during this period. Second, these types of calisthenics were elaborated to address distinctly feminine concerns, such as dress reform, which led to a special focus being placed on elements that would become central to modern yoga practice in the West, namely a generalized emphasis on deep breathing (rather than the more specific techniques of pranayama) and attention to aesthetic form.

Physical Culture in America

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (202) ◽  
pp. 542-542
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
The Creation

A bill has been recently introduced into the Senate of the United States providing for the creation of a department of physical culture, whose head is to be “a member of the Cabinet.” Each State, moreover, is to have “a Commissioner of Physical Culture” at a salary of £800, whose duties will comprise the preparation of plans for playgrounds, gymnasia, parks, public baths, and other facilities for physical culture, and who will have general charge of all such matters within the State limits.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

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