Teaching Jazz Standards

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Nick Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
The Core ◽  
Multiple Keys ◽  
Development And Evolution

The issue of teaching jazz standards is fraught with questions. What are “standards?” What makes a composition a standard? Why do jazz musicians use them as vehicles for improvisation? How are greater standards distinguished from lesser standards? How does one select particular standards to suit the needs of students? This chapter provides strategies for learning and internalizing the core jazz repertoire. It provides historical context to the development and evolution of the jazz standard canon, looking to the songbook folios of the great American tunesmiths and to original and seminal recordings as sources for the study of this music. Emphasis is given to the practical issues of selecting age- and skill-level-appropriate tunes; memorizing melodies, chord progressions, and lyrics (as applicable) in multiple keys; and devising improvisational exercises specific to individual compositions.

Serial Homology as a Challenge to Evolutionary Theory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Serial Homology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Colonial Theory ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Evo Devo ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Development And Evolution

The problem of the repeated parts of organisms was at the center of the biological sciences as early as the first decades of the 19th century. Some concepts and theories (e.g., serial homology, unity of plan, or colonial theory) introduced in order to explain the similarity as well as the differences between the repeated structures of an organism were reused throughout the 19th and the 20th century, in spite of the fundamental changes during this long period that saw the diffusion of the evolutionary theory, the rise of experimental approaches, and the emergence of new fields and disciplines. Interestingly, this conceptual heritage was at the core of any attempt to unify the problems of inheritance, development, and evolution, in particular in the last decades, with the rise of “evo-devo.” This chapter examines the conditions of this theoretical continuity and the challenges it brings out for the current evolutionary sciences.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Harris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Art World ◽  
Dance History ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Global Art ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The introduction presents the core historiographical problem that Making BalletAmerican aims to correct: the idea that George Balanchine’s neoclassical choreography represents the first successful manifestation of an “American” ballet. While this idea is pervasive in dance history, little scholarly attention has been paid to its construction. The introduction brings to light an alternative, more complex historical context for American neoclassical ballet than has been previously considered. It places Lincoln Kirstein’s 1933 trip to Paris, famous for bringing Balanchine to the United States, within a transnational and interdisciplinary backdrop of modernism, during a time when the global art world was shifting significantly in response to the international rise of fascism. This context reverberates throughout to the book’s examination of American ballet as a form that was embedded in and responsive to a changing set of social, cultural, and political conditions over the period covered, 1933–1963.

scholarly journals Cognitive–behavioural therapy with older people

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceri Evans
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Individual

Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for a number of psychiatric disorders in adults of all ages. With the proportion of the population aged 65 or over increasing steadily, it is important to be aware of how the CBT needs of this age group can be best met. This article provides an overview of CBT and the historical context of using it with older people. Although an understanding of the individual, irrespective of age, is at the core of CBT, potential modifications to the procedure and content aimed at optimising its effectiveness for older people are discussed.

Developing Heterodox Economics Curriculum The case of John Jay College

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert L. Dhondt ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Heterodox Economics ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
The Core ◽  
The City

This article seeks to be a contribution to heterodox teaching initiatives by focusing on curriculum building and institutional opportunities and constraints at John Jay College, the City University of New York. The article first focuses on the need for alternative curriculums in the context of the global crisis and the crisis of economics as a discipline. Then, after some historical context to John Jay College in which opportunities arose to develop a heterodox program, the focus is on the core of the current economics curriculum and its contrasts with the mainstream. Finally, there is a discussion of institutional constraints.

Ecological approaches to perceptual learning: learning to perceive and perceiving as learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Szokolszky ◽  
Catherine Read ◽  
Zsolt Palatinus ◽  
Kinga Palatinus
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Ecological Psychology ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Development And Evolution

In this theoretical review article, our primary goal is to contribute to the post-cognitivist understanding of learning to perceive and perceiving as learning, by discussing a framework for perception and perceptual learning initiated by James J Gibson, and extended by Eleanor J Gibson and others. This Ecological Psychology has a coherent set of assumptions based on the concept of mutualism between the perceiving organism and its surroundings, and the idea of affordances as action possibilities of the surround that are perceptible by the organism. At the same time, Ecological Psychology, broadly construed, consists of different perspectives that take different routes to address questions related to the core concepts of perceptual learning. In this article, we focus on three theoretical stances within Ecological Psychology on the issue of perceptual learning: that of Eleanor J Gibson, the current theory of direct learning by Jacobs and Michaels, and the “organicist” approach based on ideas of organicist biology and developments in evolutionary biology. We consider perceptual learning as embedded in development and evolution, and we explore perceptual learning in more depth in the context of tool use and language development. We also discuss the relation between Ecological Psychology and Enactivism on the nature of perception. In conclusion, we summarize the benefits of Ecological Psychology, as a robust but still developing post-cognitivist framework, for the study of perceptual learning and cognitive science in general.

scholarly journals The role of deliberate practice in expert performance: revisiting Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Römer (1993)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 190327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke N. Macnamara ◽  
Megha Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Core ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practice Teacher

We sought to replicate Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Römer's (Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Römer 1993 Psychol. Rev. 100 , 363–406) seminal study on deliberate practice. Ericsson et al . found that differences in retrospective estimates of accumulated amounts of deliberate practice corresponded to each skill level of student violinists. They concluded, ‘individual differences in ultimate performance can largely be accounted for by differential amounts of past and current levels of practice’ (p. 392). We reproduced the methodology with notable exceptions, namely (i) employing a double-blind procedure, (ii) conducting analyses better suited to the study design, and (iii) testing previously unanswered questions about teacher-designed practice—that is, we examined the way Ericsson et al . operationalized deliberate practice (practice alone), and their theoretical but previously unmeasured definition of deliberate practice (teacher-designed practice), and compared them. We did not replicate the core finding that accumulated amounts of deliberate practice corresponded to each skill level. Overall, the size of the effect was substantial, but considerably smaller than the original study's effect size. Teacher-designed practice was perceived as less relevant to improving performance on the violin than practice alone. Further, amount of teacher-designed practice did not account for more variance in performance than amount of practice alone. Implications for the deliberate practice theory are discussed.

Rights, Not Interests

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
The Core ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Creative Vision

This book makes four important contributions to our understanding of U.S. labor law and policy. First, given my previous three volume study of the work of the NLRB, this book is able to discuss the Board’s path under Chairmen Gould, Truesdale, Battista and Liebman in historical context. Second, this book demonstrates the consequences of applying different and conflicting values to real world issues of labor law. Third, the book’s inward assessment of U.S. labor law and policy using international human rights principles as standards for judgment constitutes new perspectives on old issues. These new perspectives challenge the commonly held view among practitioners and academics that workers’ organizing and collective bargaining are merely tests of economic power by adversarial interest groups exercising commercial rights not human rights. Finally, rather than joining those writing obituaries for the Act and the NLRB, this book maintains, despite the unrelenting pounding of hostile forces, that the core of the Act remains a solid foundation for the realization of workers’ rights–but calls for a new more creative vision because more is needed than merely fine tuning for marginal adjustments.

A compendium of the histone H1 family of somatic subtypes: An elusive cast of characters and their characteristics

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Missag H Parseghian ◽  
Barbara A Hamkalo
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Histone H1 ◽  
General Function ◽  
Linker Histones ◽  
Chromatin Compaction ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Core Histones

The last 35 years has seen a substantial amount of information collected about the somatic H1 subtypes, yet much of this work has been overshadowed by research into highly divergent isoforms of H1, such as H5. Reports from several laboratories in the past few years have begun to call into question some of the traditional views regarding the general function of linker histones and their heterogeneity. Hence, the impression in some circles is that less is known about these ubiquitous nuclear proteins as compared with the core histones. The goal of the following review is to acquaint the reader with the ubiquitous somatic H1s by categorizing them and their characteristics into several classes. The reasons for our current state of misunderstanding is put into a historical context along with recent controversies centering on the role of H1 in the nucleus. Finally, we propose a model that may explain the functional role of H1 heterogeneity in chromatin compaction.Key words: histone H1, linker histones, chromatin organization, chromatin compaction, heat shock.

scholarly journals Sloboda indiferentnosti Ockhamov pojam slobode i iz njega proizlazeći moralni sustav prema Servaisu Pinckaersu

2017 ◽  
Vol 72. (3.) ◽  
pp. 316-316
Author(s):  
Tadija Milikić
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
The Core ◽  
Moral Reality ◽  
Moral System ◽  
Theological Thought ◽  
Insight Into

The article strives to contribute to our grasp of Ockham’s concept of free will, notably from the perspective of the Belgian moral theologian Servais Pinckaers and his historical research in the field of Catholic morality. The first section of the article gives a brief insight into the historical context of Ockham’s moral–theological thought, while the remaining two sections which comprise the central part of the article, highlight the dismantling of the classic and the construction of a new moral system. Explained therein is the way in which Ockham’s voluntaristic concept of free will enables us to grasp moral obligation as the core and most crucial of moral issues, which determines the very essence of morality, and provides us with an understanding of moral reality in its entirety, that is, as a whole and also in its integral elements.

scholarly journals Hermeneutika Feminis: Kritik Atas Kesetaraan Fatima Mernissi

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-222
Author(s):  
Lub Lyna Nabilata
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fatima Mernissi ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Feminist Interpretation ◽  
Subjective Bias

Cultural optics will always appear in every debate about feminism, as well as certain interpretive tendencies (read: pre-text) also involved (enveloped) and even come into play in them. Therefore, the emergence of different views even somewhat "biased" is considered normal. People in discussing feminism will not be able to position themselves really objectively without pretension, but can only maintain a distance from prejudices or “biases” that can unwittingly emerge. In Muslim feminist thought, they are still trapped in a crisis of interpretation and counter interpretation. This crisis arises because the methods or strategies used by opponents and supporters of gender equality in building and legitimizing each of their views are basically the same, namely by explaining certain parts of the text of the Qur’an or hadith that are appropriate and support their interests and views. The parts of the text are then considered as asl the most correct and original principles, which in turn tend to be interpreted unilaterally in accordance with their ideological interests and positions and at the same time eliminate unwanted meanings because they are contrary to their ideological interests. This eclectic reading model is caused by the inability to challenge the existing paradigm of reading the text, which does not consider the historical context, dialogical and communicative aspects of the text with its context, and its descriptive dimensions. In this article intending to criticize the interpretation of Fatima Mernissi, Mernissi seems to still have a subjective bias in assessing some of the problems of feminist interpretation regarding equality of men and women, and not occupying the core of the problem in the actual portion. As a result, this argument shows that Mernissi is still narrow in using her feminist approach, because the core feminist approach is actually sensitive to injustice and avoiding “bias” that can occur not only in gender issues, but can also occur in other areas related to sara (read: skin color, tribe, caste and others).

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