The Moral Sciences Tripos and Cambridge Political Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-106
Author(s):  
Keith Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Teaching Of Economics ◽  
Undergraduate Programme ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Intellectual Discipline ◽  
Selection Of

The Cambridge Economics Tripos (an honours degree) was created in 1903 by detaching the teaching of economics in Cambridge from the Moral Sciences Tripos, a broad degree including logic, psychology, and politics and ethics. To understand why Alfred Marshall sought to detach the teaching of economics in this way we need to understand both the nature of this undergraduate programme of study, as well as the model that he sought to emulate: the Mathematical Tripos. This had been until mid-century the primary Cambridge qualification, and rather than a training in mathematics per se, its examination sought to foster a particular intellectual discipline. Students were trained in groups, usually by non-college private ‘coaches’, who drilled students in techniques with whose aid they might solve the questions put to them during several days of examinations. Good students became adept at the speedy selection of the appropriate technique and its application to a given problem. By contrast, the Moral Sciences Tripos was organised around the interpretation of set (canonical) books, and so did not foster this problem-solving approach.

PROFIL BERPIKIR REFLEKTIF SISWA SD DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH PECAHAN BERDASARKAN KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA

EDUKASI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hery Suharna ◽  
Agung Lukito Nusantara ◽  
I Ketut Budayasa
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Reflective Thinking ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
School Students ◽  
Calculation Skills ◽  
High Ability Students ◽  
Selection Of

The research reveals a profile of reflective thinking of elementary school students in problem solving fractions based on his mathematical abilities. The instruments used in data collection is Test Problem Solving (TPM), interview. Selection of research subjects in a way given test is based on the ability of mathematics, namely mathematical skills of high, medium and low and further categorized and taken at least 2 people to serve as subjects. The research objective is: describe the profile of reflective thinking that math skills of elementary school students High, medium, and low. Based on the results of the study found reflective thinking profile and high ability students were as follows: (a) the step to understand the problems students have information/knowledge or data that is used to respond, comes from inside (internal) and can explain what has been done; (B) the planned step problem solving students have information/knowledge or data that is used to respond, comes from inside (internal) and can explain what has been done; (C) on measures to implement the plan in terms of information/knowledge or data used by students to respond, comes from inside (internal), could explain what has been done, realized the error and fix it, and communicate ideas with a symbol or image, and (d) the checking step back, namely information/knowledge or data that is used by students to respond, comes from inside (internal) and can explain what has been done. Profile of reflective thinking ability students lowly mathematics, namely: (a) at the stage of understanding the problem, students can determine known and asked in the problem, but the students' difficulties to explain the identification of the facts that have been done, the students explained the understanding vocabulary, and feel of existing data the matter is enough; (B) at the stage of implementing the plan, the students explained, organize and represent data on the issue, describes how to select the operation in solving a problem though students are not sure, and students' difficulty in explaining what he had done; (C) at the stage of implementing the plan, the student has information on calculation skills although the answer is not correct. Students difficulty in explaining about the skills calculations have been done, trying to communicate their ideas in the form of symbols or images, even if students rather difficult to describe, and realized there was an error when using a calculation skills and improve it; (D) at the stage of check, students' difficulties in explaining whether obtained estimates it approached, it makes senseKeywords: reflective thinking, problem solving, fractions, and math skills.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

A Contingency Perspective on Effective Prototyping

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Oscar Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Linear Problem ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
Contingency Perspective ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Selection Of

Current demands on prototyping emphasize increasingly complex and dynamic applications that require sophisticated social mechanism and process enablers. However, much of the emphasis placed today in systems development under prototyping focuses on the supporting technology. The imbalance between product and process perspectives under this approach is explored. A view of prototyping effectiveness is presented in terms of non-linear problem solving, adequate technical and procedural solutions, and organizational support. Implications of this view are presented on the selection of prototyping techniques and on project management concerns. Future developments in prototyping practice are explored.

scholarly journals Estudio de la enseñanza de ecosistemas amazónicos a través de la metodología de aprendizaje basada en la resolución de problemas (ABRP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Nascimento ◽  
Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose was to analyze the Problem-based learning (PBL) as a methodological alternative for primary school that favor learning about Amazonian ecosystems. This research is descriptive with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The study was carried out with students from the 9th year of primary school. The teaching methodology based on the PBL was applied in two phases: In the first phase, a test of previous conceptions was carried out in order to know the perception of the students on topics related to some units of landscapes of the Amazonian ecosystems. The second phase consisted of the implementation of the learning methodology in the school environment. Four different phases were established in the application: i) selection of topics; ii) problem formulation; iii) problem solving; iv) synthesis and evaluation. The data collection instruments used were: preconceptions test and skills chart. The results showed that after the application of the ABRP methodology, the cognitive recognition of the Amazonian ecosystems can be perceived in the students, reaching additional goals that the PCN establish.

The Societies of Political Economy in Italy and the Professionalization of Economists (1860–1900) ()

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo M. Augello
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Academic Training ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Teaching Of Economics ◽  
University Level

A recent comparative study of the economists' participation in government, draws negative conclusions with respect to this profession in Italy. The Italian case was shown to have been weak both in the teaching of economics at University level and lacking in the provision of a clearly defined and a highly specialized academic training. The complaint that Italian economists were generally devoted to teaching microeconomics, rather than macroeconomics, which is more strongly linked to political and productive demands, has often been heard.

Sustainable Programs

2015 ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Shirley Mo-ching Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Higher Order Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Higher Order Thinking Skills ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
New Business ◽  
Internet Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Programme

According to the study of Louw (2013, p. 56), UNESCO calls for educational sustainable development in the coming 10 years with the four main goals identified in relation to education, that is, rethinking and revising education from nursery school to university to include a clear focus of current and future societies on the development of knowledge, skills, perspectives and values related to sustainability. In order to fulfill the needs of UNESCO and increase the employability of learners, this chapter focuses on demonstrating the way to link the delivery of a module in an undergraduate programme to develop learners' interest in internet learning with global partnership for developing higher order thinking skills, e.g. problem-solving and solution-seeking skills, and to raise educators' awareness of generating new business via internet-learning.

Sustainable Programs

2018 ◽  
pp. 440-450
Author(s):  
Shirley Mo-ching Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Higher Order Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Higher Order Thinking Skills ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
New Business ◽  
Internet Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Programme

According to the study of Louw (2013, p. 56), UNESCO calls for educational sustainable development in the coming 10 years with the four main goals identified in relation to education, that is, rethinking and revising education from nursery school to university to include a clear focus of current and future societies on the development of knowledge, skills, perspectives and values related to sustainability. In order to fulfill the needs of UNESCO and increase the employability of learners, this chapter focuses on demonstrating the way to link the delivery of a module in an undergraduate programme to develop learners' interest in internet learning with global partnership for developing higher order thinking skills, e.g. problem-solving and solution-seeking skills, and to raise educators' awareness of generating new business via internet-learning.

Experiments in Environment Integration

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Brown ◽  
David J. Carney ◽  
Edwin J. Morris ◽  
Dennis B. Smith ◽  
Paul F. Zarrella
Keyword(s):  
Production Quality ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Tool Integration ◽  
Current State ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Framework Technology ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Selection Of

In assembling a CASE environment from a collection of commercial off-theshelf (COTS) tools, tool users must find ways to connect the tools such that they provide adequate support for their particular software development approach. This task takes place in the context of limited knowledge of the tools, limited access to the source or internal structures of the tools, limited resources with which to perform and maintain the tool connections, and evolving understanding of the needs of the tool users. This places severe restrictions on what can be attempted in terms of tool interconnection. Environment framework technologies (e.g., ECMA PCTE, ATIS, BMS, ToolTalk, or CORBA) claim to provide a set of common integration services that aid in the tool integration process. There have been numerous discussions about the value, maturity, and complexity of these framework technologies. Such discussions are characterized by three points: general agreement that framework technology per se is a valuable goal to pursue; moderate disagreement as to whether the current level of framework technology is a sufficient basis for production quality CASE environments; and considerable disagreement about which of the current technologies are the most likely to mature and succeed. Notable about these discussions, however, is that there has not been extensive use of the technologies in question. This stems from several sources: their expense, their unfamiliarity and complexity to current tool users, and a widespread concern about their immaturity. This lack of use is perhaps understandable, but it has had the additional effect that partisans of one or another technology have made assertions based on little factual information about the relative merits of the technology in question. To expand our own expertise in tool integration and framework technologies, and to answer the question, “What tool integrations are possible for third-party tool users given the current state of COTS tools and integration technology?” we performed a set of experiments involving the integration of a collection of common COTS tools with environment framework technologies in support of a typical development scenario. Our selection of these tools and technologies was based on common availability and application to the development scenario(s) of interest.

Social Training for Adolescents: Making Positive Steps

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Ralph ◽  
Annette Spano ◽  
Heather Whitely ◽  
Linda Strong ◽  
Michael Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Case Discussion ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Experience Difficulty ◽  
Selection Of

A rationale is provided for the development of a small group instructional approach to improving the competence of adolescents who reportedly experience difficulty making and maintaining friendships. Social problem-solving studies are briefly examined to provide support for such an approach, which is based on incorporating gradated in vivo assignments into the training process and using progress in these assignments as feedback for further assignment setting. The program, named STAMPS (Social Training for Adolescents: Making Positive Steps) is described in some detail and illustrated with data from a single case. Discussion deals with aspects of the program requiring further investigation, including the selection of peers as potential friends, and the need to modify the program to deal with broader adolescent issues including conflict with authority, teachers, and parents.

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