Hezbollah

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Daher
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Society Today

Almost thirty years after its foundation, Lebanese Hezbollah is an organization that remains difficult to understand. What exactly is Hezbollah? An Islamist terrorist group dedicated to destroying Israel? The first Arab national resistance to have ever defeated Tel Aviv's troops? A patriotic and respectable party or a fascist network having managed to control all levels of Lebanese political life? How did this organization acquire such an important role in the Middle-Eastern game and in Lebanese politics? This book has three purposes. Firstly, to clearly articulate a definition of Hezbollah, presenting a thorough history of the party, describing its internal structure and the large scope of its social and political action. Secondly, to explain the evolution of the party's mobilization. And finally, to illustrate another path, political but mainly identity-related: that of the Shiite community, the main constituent of Lebanese society today. Through a rigorous and richly documented study, based on primary sources including hundreds of interviews with rank and file members, executives and officials of the party, and research material never examined before, the author unveils brand new aspects of this organization, thus completing our understanding of both the "Hezbollah phenomenon" and Lebanese politics of the last two decades.

Making Habeas Work

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Early National Period ◽  
Guantanamo Bay ◽  
Government Power ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Definition Of

Habeas corpus, known as the Great Writ of Liberty, is a judicial order that requires government officials to produce a prisoner in court, persuade an independent judge of the correctness of their claimed factual and legal justifications for the individual’s imprisonment, or else release the captive. Frequently the officials resist being called to account. Much of the history of the rule of law, including the history being made today, has emerged from the resulting clashes. This book, heavily based on primary sources from the colonial period and the early national period and significant research in the New Hampshire State Archives, seeks to illuminate the past and draw lessons for the present. It expands the definition of habeas corpus from a formal one to a functional one; traces the role of the writ as one element in an overall system for restraining government power; and explains how understanding the writ as an instrument for the enforcement of checks and balances illuminates a range of current issues including the struggle against terrorism and detentions at Guantanamo Bay, curbing domestic violence, the requirements for Brexit, and many others.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF CHARITIES BY ISLAMIC SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN YOGYAKARTA, 1912-1931: A HISTORY OF ISLAMIC WEALTH MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ghifari Yuristiadhi ◽  
Bambang Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Third Shift

This article was written in order to find a model of the development ofIslamic charities organized by bumiputera in the early 20th century inYogyakarta. This socio-economic history research using historical research methods that utilize primary sources such as archives, photographs, books and newspapers as well as the contemporary of secondary sources such as books, journals, and articles. The conclusion of this article is that the presence of transformation of charities in Yogyakarta in the period 1920s-1930s caused by 1) the dynamic moments around the period of the emergence of privately plantation by European, 2) the implementation of the land reorganization in the region of Yogyakarta Sultanate, 3) the emergence of �urban santri� as the new middle class in urban Yogyakarta, and 4) dynamic Islamic social organizations. In addition, the transformationof charities happens consists of three processes. First, change the concept and definition of waqf be more specific. Secondly, changing of the charities model that presented by the Islamic social movements. Third, shift of waqf and charities authority management that also change management culture. One thing that can be seen from this phenomenon is the emergence of local responses on colonialism with a more elegant and become the new social movements as well as showing the existence of civil society.

Reflections on Political Conflict, Rebellion, and Revolution in Africa

1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Bernard A. Nkemdirim
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
New States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
Commercial Expansion

The great upheavals that Africa has witnessed since the turn of the century have stimulated a flourishing variety of historical writings on revolution, rebellion, guerrilla warfare, conflict, and various other forms of collective political action. It would, therefore, be both useless and presumptuous for me to attempt to rewrite the history of these great turmoils in the light of a number of new studies, some of which are excellent. However, it is in order to recall that this ‘tearing and battering’ happened while the new states were fast transforming themselves from a ‘traditional’ to a ‘modern’ political life, when commercial expansion began to draw Africans into national and international markets, and when communal groupings gradually began to give way to broader associations.

scholarly journals Lebih dari Sekedar Katalog Manuskrip: Jejak Intelektualisme Islam di Mindanao

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nida' Fadlan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tokyo Institute ◽  
Intellectual Networks

Oman Fathurahman, Kawashima Midori, and Labi Sarip Riwarung (eds.). 2019. The Library of an Islamic Scholar of Mindanao: The Collection of Sheik Muhammad Said bin Imam sa Bayang at the Al-Imam As-Saddiq (A.S.) Library, Marawi City, Philippines: An Annotated Catalogue with Essay. Tokyo: Institute of Asian, African, and Middle Eastern Studies, Sophia UniversityContemporary socio-political issues have dominated studies on Islam in the Southern Philippines. The lack of primary sources has caused discussions about the history of Islamic culture in the region to be relatively rare. This manuscript catalog could be the key. It reveals the existence of 4,215 pages of manuscripts and 3,224 pages of printed books (kitāb) of the Al-Imam As-Sadiq Library in Marawi City. However, according to the compilers, this book is more than just a manuscript catalog. It proposes a new method for compiling a manuscript catalog so that readers who are not too familiar with Islamic studies and philology may also enjoy reading. Besides offering a description of manuscripts, it also presents a mapping of intellectual works written by ulamas in Mindanao and their connection with the Muslim-Malay communities in other regions. Hence, this book will support further studies on intellectual networks in the Muslim community in Southeast Asia in general and Mindanao in particular.

Students With Mild Intellectual Disability at the Turn of the 20th Century in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Mild Intellectual Disability ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Initial attempts to conceptually define intellectual disability have played a significant role in the history of education of children with intellectual disabilities. In Hungary, the definition of intellectual disability has undergone many changes, which is related to disciplinary development. Nowadays, in special education, the term “intellectual disability” refers to a complex phenomenon which is reflected, for example, in the significant variability on the level of intellectual functioning. This study focuses on a narrower area of this very complex phenomenon. It makes children with mild intellectual disability – one of the categories of people with intellectual disabilities, the subject of analysis. The research analyzes the contemporary professional terminology and classification of mild intellectual disability on the basis of primary sources. It also examines whom and according to what symptoms professionals classified as a member of this student population, taking into account the scientific conceptions at the turn of the 20th century (for the naming of children with mild intellectual disability, see pp. 19–20). In pedagogical narratives published at that time, the term “weak- talented child” was the most commonly used expression.

scholarly journals Rizikos komunikacija Lietuvos prezidentų inauguracinėse kalbose

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Renata Matkevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Inaugural Speech ◽  
Country Life ◽  
The Future ◽  
Action Models ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Media Discourses

Politinės komunikacijos laukas – įdomus, platus ir intriguojantis. Toks jis yra ne tik visuomenės ir žiniasklaidos diskursuose, kur aptariamos politinio gyvenimo aktualijos, išryškinamos problemos, akcentuojami trūkumai ir sutirštinamos spalvos pristatant politinės situacijos, politikos veikėjų veikimo ar neveikimo pavyzdžius. Ne mažiau įvairius galimus požiūrio į politikos komunikaciją aspektus galima matyti ir moksliniame diskurse, kuriame aptariama ir analizuojama rinkimų komunikacija, tiriami įvaizdžių formavimo modeliai, visuomenės nuomonės ir darbotvarkės, kt.Politikos komunikacijos srityje prezidentų inauguracinės kalbos tiriamos retai, tačiau šie tyrimai, o ypač jų pateikiami duomenys sustiprina inauguracinės kalbos svarbą. Mokslininkų darbuose pabrėžiama, kad prezidento inauguracinė kalba – tai būsimojo šalies vadovo prisistatymas, kuriame pateikiamos prioritetinės prezidento veiklos kryptys, nurodomi veiklos tikslai ir vertybės. Įprasta manyti, kad prezidentų inauguracinėse kalbose turi būti pristatyti ne tik prezidento, bet ir valstybės, jos atstovaujamų piliečių siekiniai. Taip pat prezidentų inauguracinėse kalbose aptariamos grėsmės šalies gyvenimui, piliečiams ar regionui, įvardijami grėsmių šaltiniai ir galimi padariniai.Šio straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti Lietuvos prezidentų inauguracinėse kalbose komunikuojamą riziką. Straipsnyje pristatoma prezidento inauguracinės retorikos specifika, aptariama kalbose pateikiamos problematikos apžvalga, nurodomi Lietuvos prezidentų inauguracinių kalbų pavyzdžiai, atskleidžiantys ir išryškinantys šalies vadovų pateikiamą riziką šaliai, jos gyventojams, akcentuojantys rizikos radimosi priežastis, šaltinius ir galimas pasekmes.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: rizika, politinė retorika, prezidentų inauguracinių kalbų retorika.Risk Communication in Inauguration Speeches of the Presidents of the Republic of LithuaniaRenata Matkevičienė SummaryField of political communication is a wide-ranging and intriguing: it is not only the question discussed in public and media discourses, in which news of political life are analysed and there are highlighted the problems of the political situation, and political action models; various possible approaches to participants and processes of political communication are discussed in scientific discourse, by analyzing election communication, exploring the formation of images and patterns and agendas of public opinion. Political communication in the field of presidential inaugural speeches is rarely investigated. Scholars stress that the President’s inaugural speech is a presentation of the future leader of the country, in which priorities of presidential activities, identified objectives and values are presented. Presidential inaugural speeches delivered by the president are presentation of the visions of the future of the state. Presidents also discuss the country life, identify the sources of risk and potential consequences of the threats.This article aims to analyze communicated risks in the presidential inaugural speeches. The article presents the analysis of definition of presidential inaugural rhetoric and its specificity, discuss samples of Lithuanian presidents’ inaugural speeches, demonstrating and showing the risks to the country, its people, highlighting the risks of emergence causes, sources and potential consequences.

scholarly journals The return of relatives: processes of mobilisation and village construction among the Tupinambá of Serra do Padeiro, southern Bahia, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Fernandes Alarcon
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Political Subject ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Southern Bahia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Land Reclamations ◽  
Reclamation Process

Abstract The article examines land reclamations, actions of territorial recovery engaged in by the Tupinambá of the village of Serra do Padeiro, in southern Bahia, Brazil. It focuses on the return of relatives - i.e. the return of expropriated Indians as part of the reclamation process -, and seeks to examine the construction of the collective political subject that has engendered the reclamations, as it is engendered by them. The text presents a brief history of the process of territorialisation, indicating how the reclamations have become the group’s main form of political action. I argue that the process of land recovery is based on kinship, and is capable of activating latent ties or lead to the weakening or rupture of ties between relatives in opposing positions. I also propose that the reclamation process has extended the meaning of relative, providing nuance to the emphasis on blood and moving towards a definition of relative as those with whom you fight together.

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

Utopophobia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Estlund
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Sound Theory ◽  
Theory Versus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practical Guidance

Throughout the history of political philosophy and politics, there has been continual debate about the roles of idealism versus realism. For contemporary political philosophy, this debate manifests in notions of ideal theory versus nonideal theory. Nonideal thinkers shift their focus from theorizing about full social justice, asking instead which feasible institutional and political changes would make a society more just. Ideal thinkers, on the other hand, question whether full justice is a standard that any society is likely ever to satisfy. And, if social justice is unrealistic, are attempts to understand it without value or importance, and merely utopian? This book argues against thinking that justice must be realistic, or that understanding justice is only valuable if it can be realized. The book does not offer a particular theory of justice, nor does it assert that justice is indeed unrealizable—only that it could be, and this possibility upsets common ways of proceeding in political thought. The book's author engages critically with important strands in traditional and contemporary political philosophy that assume a sound theory of justice has the overriding, defining task of contributing practical guidance toward greater social justice. Along the way, it counters several tempting perspectives, including the view that inquiry in political philosophy could have significant value only as a guide to practical political action, and that understanding true justice would necessarily have practical value, at least as an ideal arrangement to be approximated. Demonstrating that unrealistic standards of justice can be both sound and valuable to understand, the book stands as a trenchant defense of ideal theory in political philosophy.

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