Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Mann
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correct Translation ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces the central controversy that gave rise to this book project, one over the correct translation and interpretation of Beauvoir’s most famous sentence: “On ne naît pas femme: on le devient.” The history of the scandal of the first English translation of Le Duexième Sexe is recounted to provide context for the current conflict. The philosophical stakes of the conflict are spelled out in terms of the status of “social construction” as a theory of sexual difference. Tensions over the English translation open the way to asking bigger questions about philosophical meaning and translational practice across a number of language contexts.

On ne naît pas femme: on le devient

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Way

This collection of essays takes up the most famous feminist sentence ever written, Simone de Beauvoir’s “On ne naît pas femme: on le devient,” finding in it a flashpoint that galvanizes feminist thinking and action in multiple dimensions. Two entangled controversies emerge in the life of this sentence: a controversy over the practice of translation and a controversy over the nature and status of sexual difference. Variously translated into English as “One is not born, but rather becomes a woman” (Parshley, 1953), “one is not born but rather becomes woman” (Borde and Malovany-Chevallier, 2010), and “women are made, not born” (in popular parlance), the conflict over the translation crystallizes the feminist debate over the possibilities and limitations of social construction as a theory of sexual difference. Tensions over the English translation open the way to asking bigger questions about philosophical meaning and translational practice across a number of language contexts.

scholarly journals DORĘCZENIA PISM PROCESOWYCH (UWAGI NA MARGINESIE CTH. 2,4,1 [A. 318/319] = C. 5,4,20)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Jacek Wiewiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
European Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Nature ◽  
The Way

THE NATURAL SCIENCES IN THE SERVICE OF PLEADINGS IN CASES INVOLVING MINORS: REMARKS ON CTH 2.4.1 [A. 318/319] = C. 5.4.20)SummaryThe subject of this article is the status of juvenile persons in Roman law, as exemplified by one of the constitutions of Constantine the Great, CTh 2.4.1 [a. 318/319] = C. 5.40.2, fragments of which are preserved in Theodosius’ Code of 438, and in an abridged version in Justinian’s Code of 534. In the first part of the article the author analyses the extremely controversial issue of the identity of the constitution’s addressee. In the second part he discusses the content of this constitution and the premises for its issue in the light of the Constantinian legislation on family matters and the way it was later interpreted. The article’s third part is an attempt to apply the natural and social sciences to the question of minors and their personality, and the examination of this issue as regards CTh 2.4.1 [a. 318/319] = C. 5.40.2. The author takes into consideration the basic data on the status of minors in Roman law, in the subsequent history of European law, and in non-European cultures. He concludes by making a series of observations on the potential for the application of the natural sciences in the study of Roman law, which could serve to confirm the timeless and universal nature of some of the solutions it prescribed.

Veronicas and Artists

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Religious Images ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Contemporary Artists

Chapter One deals with several central issues with regard to understanding the role of religious motifs in contemporary art. Besides being a repetition of imagery from the past, religious motifs embedded in contemporary artworks become a means to problematise not only the way different periods in the history of art are delimited, but larger and seemingly more rigid distinctions as those between art and non-art images. Early religious images differ significantly from art images. The two types are regulated according to different sets of rules related to the conditions of their production, display, appreciation and the way images are invested with the status of being true or authentic instances of art or sacred images. Chapter One provides a discussion of the important motif of the image not made by an artist’s hand, or acheiropoietos, and its survival and transformation, including its traces in contemporary image-making practices. All images are the result of human making; they are fictions. The way the conditions of these fictions are negotiated, or the way the role of the maker is brought to visibility, or concealed, is a defining feature of the specific regime of representation. While the cult image concealed its maker in order to maintain its public significance, and the later art image celebrated the artist as a re-inventor of the old image, contemporary artists cite religious images in order to reflect on the very procedures that produce the public significance and status of images.

Continuity and Intuition in Eighteenth-Century Analysis and in Kant

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-186
Author(s):  
Daniel Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Analysis ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Interesting Account ◽  
The Way

This chapter considers the status of geometrical and kinematic representations in the foundations of 18th century analysis and in Kant’s understanding of those foundations. It has two aims. First, relying on relatively recent reassessments of the history of analysis, it will attempt to bring forward a more accurate account of intuitive representation in 18th century analysis and the relation between British and Continental mathematics. Second, it will give a better account of Kant’s place in that history. The result shows that although Kant did no better at navigating the labyrinth of the continuum than his contemporaries, he had a more interesting and reasonable account of the foundations of analysis than an easy reading of either Kant or that history provides. It also permits a more accurate and interesting account of how and when a conception of foundations of analysis without intuitive representations emerged, and how that paved the way for Bolzano and Cauchy.

scholarly journals Os Jovens e o Imaginário da Aids: notas para uma construção social do risco

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jeolás
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Symbolism ◽  
Everyday Experiences ◽  
Social Construction Of Risk ◽  
The Way

Este artigo, baseado em pesquisa sobre o imaginário da aids entre jovens, busca compreender a noção de risco como uma categoria sociocultural, cujos significados se acumulam nos conceitos de várias áreas do conhecimento e nos usos de senso comum. O perigo, o mal e o infortúnio sempre foram moralizados e politizados nas diversas culturas humanas e a história da aids não poderia ser diferente. Os simbolismos culturais sobre contágio, doenças transmitidas pelo sexo e pelo sangue e os valores atuais da sexualidade, incluindo as relações de gênero, estão presentes na forma como os jovens representam o risco do HIV. Além disso, não se pode desconsiderar a ambivalência que os riscos assumem atualmente para os jovens: alguns negados e afastados, outros aceitos e valorizados. No caso da aids, a busca pela vertigem e pelo êxtase, componentes do sexo e das drogas, distancia o discurso dos jovens sobre risco do discurso preventivo, baseado na racionalidade do comportamento individual, assumindo valores distintos ligados a experiências cotidianas. Youngsters and the imagery of AIDS: notes for the social construction of risk This article, based on research about the imagery of AIDS among youth, aims to understand the notion of risk as a social-cultural category, whose meanings are piled upon concepts of several areas of both knowledge and common sense usages. Danger, evil and misfortune have always been moralized and politicized in the different human cultures and it could not be different in the history of aids. Cultural symbolism about infection, sexually and blood transmitted diseases, as well as sexuality’s current values, including here gender relations, are present in the way the youth represents HIV´s risks. Besides, the ambivalence these risks assume for the youth nowadays cannot be disregarded: some are denied and put aside, others are accepted and valorized. In the case of AIDS, the search for vertigo and ecstasy, components of sex and drugs, distances the youth’s discourse about risk from the preventive discourse, based on the rationality of individual behavior, assuming distinct values linked to everyday experiences.

scholarly journals ‚Rasse‘ – zur sprachlichen Konstruktion einer Ausgrenzungsstrategie

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Anja Lobenstein-Reichmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract Racism is a social practice not only of present days. It has a long tradition. Regarding the history of racism, it is obvious that its concept is not based on biological knowledge and perception. Quite the contrary, it is the result of a verbal and social construction that appeared in the 18th century at the latest. This article focuses on the way this construction was and still is implemented in discourses of modern societies. Especially “degradation ceremonies” (Garfinkel, below) will be taken into account when observing historical examples.

scholarly journals Escritura de mujeres, escritura de las diferencias

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gargallo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Women's Writing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Narrative Poetry ◽  
Literatura Latinoamericana ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Resumen: Se rastrea la historia contemporánea de la literaturalatinoamericana escrita por mujeres, mostrando temáticas queprofundizan en la diferencia sexual y sus consecuencias parala escritura. Se exploran las consecuencias para la narrativa yla poética de las autoras, de temas como la eroticidad femeninay la especificidad del cuerpo de la mujer, y el lugar que ésteocupa en las historias familiar, nacional y continental. Seindaga asimismo sobre las formas en las cuales sus narracionescontribuyeron al meta-relato del patriarcado latinoamericano.A la vez, en este trabajo se registran las huellas dejadas en lanarrativa y la poética de estas autoras por las resistenciasfemeninas frente al orden patriarcal.Palabras clave: Escritura de mujeres, Diferencia sexual, Feminismo,Literatura latinoamericana, Narrativa, PoéticaAbstract: The contemporary history of Latin American literaturewritten by women is traced, showing the themes that delve intosexual difference and its consequences for writing. Theconsequences of feminine eroticism and the specificity ofwomen’s bodies for the writers’ narratives and poetry areexplored, as well as the place the body occupies in the family,national and continental histories. The way in which theirnarratives contributed to the meta-story of Latin Americanpatriarchy is taken into account. At the same time, this paperrecords the imprints feminine resistance to the patriarchal orderleaves in these authors’ narrative and poetic work.Key words: Women’s writing, sexual difference, feminism,Latina American literatura, narrative, poetry

Rape as a Weapon of War in Myanmar/Burma

2019 ◽  
pp. 266-284
Author(s):  
Annalise Oatman ◽  
Kate Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethnic Minority Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the conflict in Myanmar and its historical development as an example of the way that rape is wielded as a weapon of war. It also provides a discussion of advocacy for the ethnic minority women of Myanmar at the grassroots, national, and international levels. It reviews statistics on conflict-related rape and theories regarding the social and political forces driving it. It examines the political history of Myanmar and the status of Myanmarese women. It also discusses the way that current conditions have set the stage for conflict-related rape in Myanmar and data on its prevalence. It discusses the extradition of the rapist of a 7-year-old girl, Myanmarese grassroots efforts to address this issue, and international proposals for reform. In addition, it discusses the way that the “legal culture” of a nation can get in the way of the enactment of international legislation.

In quest of the universal language

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

The new English translation of Paolo Rossi’s now classic study, Logic and the Art of Memory, presents a useful opportunity to examine contemporary efforts to understand what its subtitle calls “the quest for a universal language.” At the same time, an old seventeenth-century philosophical romance, Thomas Urquhart’s Jewel, affords a good test case for evaluating the success of those contemporary critical efforts — including Rossi’s own. First among contemporary scholars, Rossi made it possible to study seriously the seventeenth-century universal language movement by recovering the history of an idea — the pursuit of the so-called clavis universalis, the universal key to knowledge, from the ancient arts of memory to the Enlightenment’s philosophical language projects. While Rossi’s study has clearly withstood the test of time, since it still has much to teach us about the history of an idea — what Urquhart would call “pure eloquence” — his study has less utility in clarifying the status of that idea in history. Understanding Urquhart’s Jewel requires, I argue, two different forms of history whose interplay is always complicated: the history of ideas and the history of those politically charged engagements with ideas by authors whose situation at a specific time and a specific place brings meanings to their work that transcend epistemological concerns alone.

scholarly journals The reflexive turn in French and German-speaking geography in comparison

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
O. Graefe
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
National Scale ◽  
The Status ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hans Georg Gadamer ◽  
The Way

Abstract. The papers presented by Bernard Debarbieux and Ute Wardenga at the symposium on "Les fabriques des `Géographies' – making Geographies in Europe'' and published in this thematic issue both take a historiographical perspective, which at a first glance seems evident. In order to understand how geography is thought about and practiced, the best is to look back on how these thoughts and practices have been respectively established and have evolved in the different national contexts. But at second glance, this historiographical perspective seems revealing regarding the status and the position of geography as an academic discipline. One can hardly imagine a symposium on the "making philosophy'' or "making physics'' in Europe privileging such a historiographical stance in order to illustrate and understand the differences and commonalities of a discipline in different countries today. Other disciplines might have favoured a dialogue on how a theory or a prominent author is received in order to excavate the differences or commonalities in a particular discipline of different countries. Such dialogues have been organized for example in Sociology with the exchange of approaches on Bourdieu published by Catherine Colliot-Thélène, Étienne François and Gunter Gebauer (2005). Another example and a reference of such dialogues is the famous debate on hermeneutics between Hans-Georg Gadamer and Jacques Derrida in the early 1980s. The emphasis on the history (Debarbieux) and the way to write the history of geography (Wardenga) points out the difficulty of our discipline to position itself in academia, and reveals the crisis to which Wardenga refers to in her paper. As Ute Wardenga pointed out by quoting Jörn Rüsen, "genetical narratives'' are part of identity formation processes by "mediating permanence and change to a process of self-definition'' (Rüsen, 1987, cited by Wardenga, this issue). Both presented papers expose in different but complementary ways this identity formation of geography as a distinct discipline on the national scale in France (B. Debarbieux) and on a more international scale (U. Wardenga). The first analyses the conceptualization of space, the nation and the national territory by French geographers, while the second reflects upon the internationalization of the historiography of our discipline, meaning the way history is written and not the history itself. The underlying question here is the specificity of geography in Germany or in France and what their relationships are with other geographies, i.e. in how far they are influenced by or reject ideas and methodologies especially (but not exclusively) from Anglophone geographers.

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