The Transition to Adulthood from Care

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élodie Marion ◽  
Veronika Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
Care Leavers ◽  
Poor Outcomes

This chapter reports on a literature review that was conducted spanning the past 2 years to provide an overview of existing research and to identify future research needs in the field. Increased awareness of the changes related to traditional transition markers in emerging adulthood and of the poor outcomes and vulnerability of care leavers has led to a growing interest in this population. After a systematic process, 64 articles were included in the content analysis. This study identified four major topics that characterize recent research in this area: (1) policy, program, and services; (2) transition trajectories and markers; (3) social network and social support; and (4) subpopulations.

How Can I Be a Real Adult?

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varda R. Mann-Feder
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Optimal Development ◽  
Care Leavers

This chapter proposes that developmental theory can provide multiple lenses through which the transition to adulthood for youth from care can be understood and supported. This chapter outlines the benefits of a developmental approach and presents theories, such as Erikson’s identity theory and the theory of emerging adulthood, which stresses the importance of the identity formation process; attachment processes throughout the lifespan; and loss, grief, and mourning as it relates to the experiences of youth removed from home and placed incare. Relevant research with care leavers is reviewed, and implications are outlined for practice, policy, and future research that promotes optimal development for youth leaving care.

scholarly journals GRANDPARENT CAREGIVERS: THE RELATION BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORKS AND RESILIENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S678-S679
Author(s):  
Nancy Mendoza ◽  
Christine Fruhauf
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
New Information ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Grandparents raising grandchildren experience multiple challenges as they take on the unexpected role of caring for their grandchildren, which usually occurs under stressful and stigmatizing conditions. Many of the challenges grandparents experience are well documented in the research. Less attention is given to understanding how a grandparent caregiver’s social network changes when s/he becomes a caregiver and how her/his social network influences resilience. Thus, the purpose of this study was to use social network analysis (SNA) to examine the relation between social networks and resilience in grandparents raising their grandchildren. This was done by conducting face-to-face interviews with twenty grandparents raising grandchildren after they completed a survey measuring social support, social isolation, and resilience. The interview protocol included questions related to participants’ social network, social support, and services. Prior to the interviews, using data from the surveys participants were identified as representing one of four resilience quadrants: resilient, maladaptive, competent, and vulnerable. Qualitative analysis of grandparent’s social networks across groups indicated resilient grandparent caregivers’ networks were structured in a way that provided more opportunities for the inflow of new information and resources. Whereas the proportion of professionals in maladaptive grandparent caregivers’ networks tended to be less than for other networks. This could suggest that for grandparent caregivers, having professionals in one’s network can be beneficial. Findings from the current study provide opportunities for future research such as identifying ways to help grandparent caregivers structure their social networks to promote resilience.

scholarly journals Social Support for Changing Multiple Behaviors: Factors Associated With Seeking Support and the Impact of Offered Support

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Greaney ◽  
Elaine Puleo ◽  
Kim Sprunck-Harrild ◽  
Jess Haines ◽  
Serena C. Houghton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Person ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Social support is important for behavior change, and it may be particularly important for the complexities of changing multiple risk behaviors (MRB). Research is needed to determine if participants in an MRB intervention can be encouraged to activate their social network to aid their change efforts. Methods. Healthy Directions 2, a cluster-randomized controlled trial of an intervention conducted in two urban health centers, targeted five behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, red meat consumption, multivitamin use, and smoking). The self-guided intervention emphasized changing MRB simultaneously, focused on self-monitoring and action planning, and encouraged participants to seek support from social network members. An MRB score was calculated for each participant, with one point being assigned for each behavioral recommendation that was not met. Analyses were conducted to identify demographic and social contextual factors (e.g., interpersonal, neighborhood, and organizational resources) associated with seeking support and to determine if type and frequency of offered support were associated with changes in MRB score. Results. Half (49.6%) of participants identified a support person. Interpersonal resources were the only contextual factor that predicted engagement of a support person. Compared to individuals who did not seek support, those who identified one support person had 61% greater reduction in MRB score, and participants identifying multiple support persons had 100% greater reduction. Conclusion. Engagement of one’s social network leads to significantly greater change across multiple risk behaviors. Future research should explore strategies to address support need for individuals with limited interpersonal resources.

scholarly journals The Absence of Close Social Network Connections: A Case Study Investigation in Social Isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
Raeann LeBlanc ◽  
Rachel Walker
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Multiple Data

Abstract Social isolation is an emerging phenomenon known to significantly influence health outcomes and carries specific risk in older age. As part of a larger study exploring the social network effects on health among persons age 65 and above, it was found that four cases from a larger sample (n=89) could not name any one from their social relationships supportive to them in managing their health while living with complex chronic health needs. In addressing these findings, these cases, bounded spatially by individual social networks and temporally by the time of the study interview, served the basis for intensive analysis using multiple data points from in-depth interviews and survey measures. Measures included descriptive data (social networks, demographics) and measures of health (SF-12), and social support (MOS-SSS). Each participant case identified as female gender and single, three lived alone, had a high burden of chronic conditions and poor health. All had recent hospitalizations (1 or more within the past year). The structures of their social networks varied in type of relationship roles and size. Social support was perceived overall as low. This study offers a specific contribution to research on social connection/isolation. This phenomenon is relative to specific contexts. Findings emphasize that social isolation can be specific to certain aspects of identity and poorer health in older age. Additional research on the functions and qualities of social networks, in addition to the structure, are important to specify in future research and knowledge development for practice assessment to determine social connection and isolation.

Care-leaving in South Africa: an international and social justice perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Bond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Support Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Care Leavers ◽  
Poor Outcomes

AbstractInternationally, the care-leaving debate began in the 1970s. The poor outcomes associated with care-leaving in the United Kingdom, United States of America and Australia prompted attention resulting in policy change in recent years, which continues to develop. The experience and outcomes for care leavers in South Africa reflects that of their contemporaries in other countries, however, contextual factors compound the problems that they face and there is little support available to them. This paper discusses some of the challenges facing care leavers and the development of the care-leaving debate, legislation and policy in the United Kingdom, United States and Australia. A comparison of the care-leaving arena in South Africa and the support services available to care leavers in the different countries will be presented. The paper concludes by arguing that the absence of services for care leavers is a neglect of the state's responsibility as corporate parent, and represents an issue of social justice.

Older Adults and Social Support in a Disaster Context: Did Relocation Matter for Access to Social Network Resources After the 2015 South Carolina Flood?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marian Botchway ◽  
Ana Teixeira ◽  
Spencer Moore
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Support Provision

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine social network characteristics and social support (emotional and instrumental support) and to determine how those factors differed between relocating older adults and nonrelocating older adults who were affected by the 2015 flood in South Carolina. Methods: Twenty-five community-dwelling elderly (CDE) were interviewed between December 2015 and May 2016 to learn about their experiences in the immediate aftermath of the flood. Ego-centric network data were collected with a focus on social network members and the types of flood-related support that these network members provided. Results: Ten of 25 CDE relocated because of the flood. All CDE were more likely to receive social support from female network members and family members than from other acquaintances. Relocating CDE received significantly less emotional support in comparison to nonrelocating CDE. The odds of receiving instrumental support were higher, but nonsignificant, among relocating CDE in comparison to nonrelocating CDE. Conclusions: The findings around the support provision are concerning particularly because of the additional psychological burden that relocation can place on flood-affected, older adults. Recommendations for public health preparedness strategies are provided in addition to future research directions for examining the well-being of flood-affected, older adults.

scholarly journals Decade Review of Social Support in Family Gerontology: Methods, Theories, and Directions for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 563-563
Author(s):  
Amber Seidel ◽  
Jeremy Yorgason ◽  
Áine Humble ◽  
Roxanne Humphris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dyadic Analyses

Abstract Social support has a rich foundation in family gerontology benefiting older adults, such as bolstering mental health, decreasing social isolation, and connecting them in families and communities. This study draws from a decade review of 995 empirical articles focusing on family gerontology from 13 of the top journals in gerontology, family, and relationships. Of the 995 articles, 86 were coded as social support or social network. Of these 86 articles, less than 3% included dyadic analyses, 95% were quantitative with just over 30% longitudinal. Over 30 different theories were identified with many building their work off multiple theories. Two key theories appear in over 30% of the articles, social support and socioemotional selectivity. Only 4% did not cite any theoretical framework. Overall, this presentation will review the methods, theories, and key findings of the social network/social support subtheme of a decade review of family gerontology and identify related gaps.

scholarly journals Don’t put all social network sites in one basket: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and their relations with well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248384
Author(s):  
Alexandra Masciantonio ◽  
David Bourguignon ◽  
Pierre Bouchat ◽  
Manon Balty ◽  
Bernard Rimé
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Upward Social Comparison

Prior studies indicated that actively using social network sites (SNSs) is positively associated with well-being by enhancing social support and feelings of connectedness. Conversely, passively using SNSs is negatively associated with well-being by fostering upward social comparison and envy. However, the majority of these studies has focused on Facebook. The present research examined the relationships between well-being—satisfaction with life, negative affect, positive affect—and using actively or passively various SNSs—Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok—during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, two mediators were tested: social support and upward social comparison. One thousand four persons completed an online survey during the quarantine measures; the analyses employed structural equation modeling. Results showed that passive usage of Facebook is negatively related to well-being through upward social comparison, whereas active usage of Instagram is positively related to satisfaction with life and negative affect through social support. Furthermore, active usage of Twitter was positively related to satisfaction with life through social support; while passive usage was negatively related to upward social comparison, which, in turn, was associated with more negative affect. Finally, TikTok use was not associated with well-being. Results are discussed in line with SNSs’ architectures and users’ motivations. Future research is required to go beyond methodological and statistical limitations and allow generalization. This study concludes that SNSs must be differentiated to truly understand how they shape human interactions.

scholarly journals Views and Tendencies of Introducing Computational Thinking in Australian Schools [Research in Progress]

10.28945/4348 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Recent Trends

Aim/Purpose: This paper discusses theoretical and curricular aspects of computational thinking in curriculum and challenges noticed on introducing recent ICT perspectives in Australian Schools. Background: It presents the way computational thinking is defined and understood in curriculum documents and a set of relatively new implementations that were de-signed nationally and in the New South Wales state. Methodology: This paper uses qualitative research methods such as content analysis and text analysis methods. Contribution This research analyzes some recent trends in introducing computational thinking and explore the was these reforms are described in the official documents. Findings: It was noticed that although the importance of computational thinking was highly emphasized, the documents cannot describe a consistent implementation of this set of educational policies, as at this time implementing computational thinking largely underperforming. Recommendations for Practitioners: It is recommended a more systemic way of designing policies and curriculum content for the integration of computational thinking in Australian schools. Future Research: Future research needs to explore reasons for delaying these reforms of introduc-ing computational thinking.

scholarly journals Research Implications for Future Telemedicine Studies and Innovations in Diabetes and Hypertension—A Mixed Methods Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Timpel ◽  
Lorenz Harst
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Key Topics

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to identify, categorize and prioritize current implications for future research in the use telemedicine for diabetes and hypertension in order to inform policy and practice decisions. (2) Methods: An iterative mixed methods design was followed, including three consecutive steps: An updated umbrella review of telemedicine effectiveness, qualitative content analysis of extracted data on current research needs and a quantitative survey with practitioners and health care researchers in order to prioritize the identified needs. (3) Results: Overall, 32 included records reported on future research implications. Qualitative content analysis yielded five categories as well as subcategories, covering a need for high quality studies, comprehensive technology assessments, in-depth considerations of patients’ characteristics, ethics and safety as well as implementation strategies. The online survey revealed that the most pressing future research needs are data security, patient safety, patient satisfaction, implementation strategies and longer follow-ups. Chi² statistics and t-tests revealed significant differences in the priorities of participants with and without experience in telemedicine use, evaluation and development. A factor analysis revealed six over-arching factors. (4) Conclusion: These results may help learning from mistakes previously made and may serve as key topics of a future telemedicine research agenda.

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