Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Charlotte Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Project ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taking Responsibility

This concluding chapter returns to modernity’s defining problematique: ordering, understood coextensively as an epistemological and a political project. It discusses the extent to which the body operated as the great naturaliser of history—working to stabilise political construction, and notably the racialised and gendered figures that entered into the making of the modern category of ‘the human’ from the onset. The chapter also considers the two sets of processes, of putting together and of dividing up, that took the body as their referent and produced, respectively, the state and the individual who bears rights. It then examines the relations between construction, constitution, and another kind of corporeal agency altogether: generation (giving birth). Generation, as the distinctive agentic capacity that indexes only one kind of body, the female one, functioned throughout the seventeenth century as the ‘other’ to constitution, to the agency that was being expended and experimented with to craft the state and the subject of rights. Finally, the chapter looks at the duty of critique, considering it in its relation to agency and to the urgency of taking responsibility for the world in which people live, and therefore for changing it.

L’admiration comme principe phénoménologique de la subjectivité humaine

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (72) ◽  
pp. 1123-1140
Author(s):  
Wojciech Starzynski
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Phenomenological Principle

L’admiration comme principe phénoménologique de la subjectivité humaine Résumé: Le texte est une tentative d'analyse phénoménologique (principalement inspiré de Ricœur) du thème de l'admiration, que Descartes dans les Passions de l’âme décrit comme passion première et principale. Envisagé comme principe de la subjectivité, cette passion expliquerait l'accès non théorique au monde et à soi-même, et permet de comprendre la constitution du sujet passionnel. En analysant ce sujet, appelé par Descartes l'union de l'âme et du corps, les catégories traditionnelles d'attention, d'imagination et enfin de volonté et de temporalité se trouvent profondément reformulées. Dans le mode admiratif spécifique d’un tel sujet, qui se caractérise par interaction dynamique de l'âme et du corps, on peut parler des étapes successives de la vie passionnée, au sein de laquelle émergent les autres passions “principales” (l'amour, la haine, le désir, la joie et la tristesse), pour trouver enfin son accomplissement dans une expérience éthique de la générosité. Mots-clés: passion; admiration; union de l’âme et du corps; Descartes; Ricoeur. A admiração como princípio fenomenológico da subjetividade Resumo: O texto é uma tentativa de análise fenomenológica (principalmente inspirada por Ricoeur) do tema da admiração, que Descartes n’As paixões da alma descreve como paixão primeira e principal. Considerado como princípio da subjetividade, essa paixão explicaria o acesso não teórico ao mundo e a si mesmo, e permite compreender a constituição do sujeito passional. Analisando esse sujeito, chamado por Descartes a união da alma e do corpo, as categorias tradicionais de atenção, imaginação e, enfim, de vontade e temporalidade se encontram profundamente reformuladas. No modo admirativo específico de um tal sujeito, que se caracteriza pela interação dinâmica da alma e do corpo, podemos falar das etapas sucessivas da vida apaixonada, ao seio da qual emergem as outras paixões « principais » (o amor, o ódio, o desejo, a alegriae a tristeza), para encontrar, enfim, sua realização numa experiência ética da generosidadade. Palavras-chave : paixão; admiração ; união da alma e do corpo ; Descartes ; Ricoeur. Admiration as a phenomenological principle of human subjectivity  Abstract: The text is a phenomenological analysis (mainly inspired by Ricœur) of the theme of admiration, which Descartes in the  Passions of the Soul describes as a first and main passion.  Considered  as a principle of subjectivity, this passion would explain the non-theoretical access to the world and to oneself, and allows us to understand the constitution of such passionate subject. Analyzing this subject, called by Descartes the union of the soul and the body, the traditional categories of attention, imagination and finally, those of will and temporality are  deeply  reformulated. In the specific admiring mode of the  subject, which is characterized by dynamic interaction of the soul and body, we can speak of the successive stages of passionate life, in which emerge the other “principal  passions"  (love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness),  to  finally find its culmination in an ethical experience of generosity. Key words: passion; admiration; union of the soul and body; Descartes; Ricoeur. Data de registro: 17/11/2020 Data de aceite: 30/12/2020

scholarly journals Ken Donald and Muscular Christianity

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Mark Loane
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Muscular Christianity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

?MUSCULAR CHRISTIANITY? was a system which relied upon sport to allow people to grow in a moral and spiritual way along with their physical development. It was thought that . . . in the playing field boys acquire virtues which no books can give them; not merely daring and endurance, but, better still temper, self restraint, fairness, honor, unenvious approbation of another?s success, and all that ?give and take? of life which stand a man in good stead when he goes forth into the world, and without which, indeed, his success is always maimed and partial [Kingsley cited from Haley, in Watson et al].1 This system of thought held that a man?s body is given him to be trained and brought into subjection and then used for the protection of the weak, the advancement of all righteous causes [Hughes, cited in Watson et al].1 The body . . . [is] . . . a vehicle by which through gesture the soul could speak [Blooomfield, cited in Watson et al].1 In the 1800s there was a strong alignment of Muscular Christianity and the game of Rugby: If the Muscular Christians and their disciples in the public schools, given sufficient wit, had been asked to invent a game that exhausted boys before they could fall victims to vice and idleness, which at the same time instilled the manly virtues of absorbing and inflicting pain in about equal proportions, which elevated the team above the individual, which bred courage, loyalty and discipline, which as yet had no taint of professionalism and which, as an added bonus, occupied 30 boys at a time instead of a mere twenty two, it is probably something like rugby that they would have devised. [Dobbs, cited in Watson et al]1 The idea of Muscular Christianity came from the Greek ideals of athleticism that comprise the development of an excellent mind contained within an excellent body. Plato stated that one must avoid exercising either the mind or body without the other to preserve an equal and healthy balance between the two.

scholarly journals THE PUSH FOR THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE COURTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION, IN THE WAKE OF COVID 19 AND ITS SOCIAL IMPACT

2022 ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Dr. N Jayarama Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Constitution ◽  
Human Conduct ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
To Come

According to Salmond ‘Law may be defined as the body of principles Recognized and applied by the state in the administration of justice. We cannot Imagine our life without the law as it also governs the human conduct in day to day life, In a young democracy like that of democracy the Importance of Judiciary is Magnified, although it has its flaws, the Indian judiciary, especially the higher judiciary, has come through for the citizens more often than not, Things changed when the pandemic that struck the world in 2019 made its presence in India as well. It brought the life to standstill, like everything and everyone the judiciary was also affected by the deadly virus too, there was delay in justice, when the most foundational mandate of an institution is not being fulfilled, and its credibility will be called into question. On the other hand the Pandemic has blessed the judiciary in many ways, Indian judiciary has always lacked behind when it came to digital access, and digitalization was limited only to those people who wanted to access individual cases. The court proceedings were still based on old aged approach, however like it forced everyone hand to embrace a new way of living , the Pandemic forced the Indian judiciary to come out of its shell.

In the openness of “own” being (on the example of Leo Tolstoy’s novel ‘The Death of Ivan Ilyich’)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kasavina
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Existential Anxiety ◽  
Terminal Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Boundary Situation

The article considers the work of Leo N. Tolstoy The Death of Ivan Ilyich in the context of the concept of boundary situations by K. Jaspers; the phenomena of “intercession in death”; one’s own and non-own Being-toward-death by M. Heidegger; the stages of personal acceptance of death which were identified by E. Kubler-Ross on the basis of psychotherapeutic work with incurable patients. The situation of Ivan Ilyich shows the position of a person in the face of existential anxiety and threats of loneliness, a sense of meaninglessness, despair, actualized by the boundary situation of death. The dynamics of the state of the novel’s protagonist is interpreted as the formation of “one’s own Being-towards-death”, which has the character of being in relation to “one’s own ability of being” (M. Heidegger). Presence is completely surrendered to itself, essentially open to itself. Loneliness acts as a way to open existence. In the openness of presence for the individual the world opens itself, the other and others in their unique way of being. Ivan Ilyich experiences this before his death as an epiphanic phenomenon, which unfolds the destiny of the personality, leading it beyond the limits of only his or her life and suffering. The interaction of the protagonist with others is considered from the perspective of the problems identified by E. Kuebler-Ross in the relationship of doctors, relatives and patients in the terminal stage of their illness and the transition to the acception of their own finiteness, which acquires the character of historicity.

Phenomenology in Pedagogical Settings. Overview of the current discourse on phenomenological pedagogy

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4 (254) ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Patrizia Breil
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Educational Sciences ◽  
Pedagogical Discussion

Phenomenology has been well-received in pedagogy from the very beginning. With direct reference to Husserl, Aloys Fischer calls for a Descriptive Pedagogy. Only on the basis of a close description of educational processes similar to the phenomenological reduction can the educational sciences rediscover their actual subject matter. In this article the author traces the development of phenomenological thought in educational theory with a special focus on the notions of corporeality and negativity. As a necessary condition of perception in general, corporeality constitutes an important factor in the structural being-to-the-world of the human being. Apart from being able to sense its surroundings the body can also be perceived as part of these surroundings. Due to this double role, the subject opens up to foreign influences and negativity. Thus, the other plays an important role in the constitution of the identity of the subject. Through corporeality, a sphere of intersubjectivity is opened up. A recapitulation of Käte Meyer-Drawe’s Pedagogy of Inter-Subjectivity and Wilfried Lippitz’ Theory of Bildung and Alterity shows how these thoughts can be made useful for pedagogical discussion. Hereby, sociality and alterity prove to be foundational categories for educational settings in general. Finally, the author gives an outlook on current developments in phenomenological pedagogy.

Time in the Phenomenology of Perception

Dialogue ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-785
Author(s):  
Eugene F. Bertoldi
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

The chapter on time is one of the central investigations in Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception. Throughout preceding chapters of that work one meets the claim that theoretical difficulties raised by the type of description of the perceiving subject that Merleau-Ponty offers are to be resolved in the investigation of time. For example, in describing perception, it begins to seem that the perceiving subject is neither a pure for-itself, nor an in-itself, but rather belongs to some category intermediate between these two. How is such an ambiguity to be understood ? Merleau-Ponty tells us that:On the level of being one will never understand that the subject must be at once naturans and naturatus, infinite and finite. But if we rediscover time beneath the subject, and if we relate to the paradox of time those of the body, the world, the thing and the other, we shall understand that there is nothing to understand beyond this.

Sovereign States Control of Immigration: A Global Justice Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-163
Author(s):  
Yaffa Zilbershats
Keyword(s):  
Global Justice ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Run ◽  
International Body ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Global justice is a relatively new concept that is being developed both by scholars, who belong to the political school of thought, and by others, who define themselves as cosmopolitans. Whereas political scholars believe that the global implications of justice contemplate states or peoples, cosmopolitans refer to the individual as the subject of justice even when dealing with it on a global scale.Despite the differences between the two schools, this Article shows that none has clearly called for the imposition of additional obligations upon states that would force them to allow immigrants to enter those states' territory. Further, our survey shows that the five scholars examined believe that considerations of global justice should compel developed states to offer at least some assistance to burdened or poor states in order to reduce the causes of migration. All differ regarding the type and scope of assistance but agree that the reasons for migration should be reduced in the state of origin.What is missing in the scholarly works on global justice is a solution to the forced migration of masses of people. This problem cannot be solved, at least in the short run, solely by assisting the state of origin. As long as the lives of the migrants are threatened, states must open their gates to save them and agree that an international body will administer this issue and ensure that the burden is shared proportionally among the various states of the world. Such an international body will also be competent to promote programs of assistance to states, which will in turn reduce the need to migrate.

scholarly journals SALUD Y BIENESTAR: TRASTORNOS DEL ESTADO DE ANIMO Y SUICIDIO EN ESTUDIANTES DE BACHILLERATO.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Jessenia Paredes Bernal
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

En el ser humano el estado de ánimo puede ser normal, elevado o deprimido, el sujeto pierde la sensación de control sobre su ánimo y experimenta incomodidad general. Cuando estos se agravan se convierten en trastornos del Estado de Animo que se divide en bipolares y depresivos. La depresión es un sentimiento persistente de inutilidad, pérdida de interés por el mundo y falta de esperanza en el futuro, que modifica negativamente la funcionalidad del sujeto en ocasiones llevándolo a tomar decisiones equivocadas como el suicidio. En este estudio se pretendió analizar este trastorno desde los principios de la psicología clínica y de la salud para objetivar la desesperanza, las expectativas negativas con respecto al individuo mismo y a su vida futura en 42 estudiantes de bachillerato. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron observar que si existe una relación entre los trastornos de ánimo y los intentos de suicidio que se detectaron en la escala de evaluación. Como conclusión es necesario recalcar la importancia de la detección temprana de los cambios de estado de ánimo en los adolescentes puede evitar un suicidio la misma que es la segunda causa de muerte, según el informe de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Abstract In the human being, the state of mind can be normal, elevated or depressed, the subject loses the feeling of control over their mood and experiences general discomfort. When these are aggravated they become disorders of the State of Animo that is divided into bipolar and depressive. Depression is a persistent feeling of uselessness, loss of interest in the world and lack of hope in the future, which negatively modifies the functionality of the subject at times leading him to make wrong decisions such as suicide. In this study, we tried to analyze this disorder from the principles of clinical psychology and health to objectify the hopelessness, the negative expectations regarding the individual himself and his future life in 100 high school students. The results obtained allowed to observe that if there is a relationship between mood disorders and suicide attempts that were detected in the evaluation scale. In conclusion it is necessary to emphasize the importance of early detection of mood swings in adolescents can avoid suicide which is the second cause of death, according to the report of the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals “The body says: I am a party”: The (im)possibility of regulating the body by law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pâmela Ghisleni ◽  
◽  
Doglas Lucas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Gender Oppression ◽  
The World ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Practical Implications

The rationalism of the seventeenth century inaugurated a new way of thinking to establish that access to the world occurred through rationality. The individualist conception of society that emerged from the eighteenth century, despite having placed the subject in the center, made it from its psychic dimension, relegating the biological body to the second place. In the twentieth century however, Freud recalls the theme of the body to enter again the individual in his materialistic body. Therefore, it was restored and deepened the theme of meat, carcass, organic and biological body. Thus, the present study aims, from the hypothetical-deductive method, to analyze the (im)possibility of body regulation, especially the female one, by the contemporary law, and its practical implications for women to, in the end, conclude that the body and their narratives are at the root of inequality and gender oppression. El racionalismo del siglo XVII inauguró un nuevo pensamiento que establecía que el acceso al mundo ocurría a través de la racionalidad. La concepción individualista de la sociedad que emergió del siglo XVIII, pese a haber colocado al sujeto en el centro, lo había hecho desde su dimensión psíquica, relegando el cuerpo biológico a un segundo plano. En el siglo XX, en cambio, Freud recupera el tema del cuerpo y resitúa al individuo en su cuerpo material. Por tanto, los temas de la carne, carcasa, y cuerpo orgánico y biológico se restauran y se profundiza en ellos. Así pues, este artículo pretende analizar, a través del método hipotético-deductivo, la (im)posibilidad de regular el cuerpo, especialmente el femenino, por el derecho contemporáneo, y las implicaciones prácticas para las mujeres. Finalmente, concluimos que el cuerpo y sus narrativas están en la raíz de la desigualdad y de la opresión de género.

scholarly journals POETICS OF LIFELOGGING: ON INTERSUBJECT FORMS OF UTTERANCE IN IGOR KHOLIN’S POEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Aleksei S. Bokarev ◽  
◽  
Yulia V. Tkachuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literary Metaphor ◽  
Lyrical Subject

The article is addressed to the consideration of the subject organization of lyrics by I. Kholin, a representative of the Lianozovo literary group, who became widely known as the author of the book of poems “Residents of the Barack”. Already in the presented, debut for the poet, composition there were outlined the types of speech widely presented to him, in which the subject is likened to a life-log camera, and the focus of attention is shifted from “Self” to “you”, from internal to external to the speaking world. The term “life-logging”, meaning the automatic fixation of a person's life using a video medium fixed to the body, is used in the article as a literary metaphor, “highlighting” the difficulty of personal speaking and self-expression of the protagonist. However, just as the environment of a life logger who does not fall into his own lens gives him a sufficient (if not exhaustive) idea, the life realities in the subject's field of view can tell about his inner world no less than he by himself. The analysis of a number of poems (the most detailed is considered “Fences. Garbage cans. Posters. Advertising”) allows you to demonstrate the intersubjective nature of life-logic “optics”. The latter is used by Kholin in three different forms: as the “dissolution” of the speaker in the text, as the construction of the statement on behalf of the syncretic subject and as the priority of the “other” over the “self” when creating the verbal “self-portrait” of the hero. The impossibility of distancing from hostile reality, but also the inadequacy of selfdetermination in its conditions, testify to the formation of a kenotic model of the artist's relationship with reality. In Kholin's poetry, the lyrical subject is not only a detached viewer, but also a protagonist who fully shares his sins and suffering with the world.

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