The Propaganda Feedback Loop

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Public ◽  
False Reporting ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
Crowd Out ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter presents a model of the interaction of media outlets, politicians, and the public with an emphasis on the tension between truth-seeking and narratives that confirm partisan identities. This model is used to describe the emergence and mechanics of an insular media ecosystem and how two fundamentally different media ecosystems can coexist. In one, false narratives that reinforce partisan identity not only flourish, but crowd-out true narratives even when these are presented by leading insiders. In the other, false narratives are tested, confronted, and contained by diverse outlets and actors operating in a truth-oriented norms dynamic. Two case studies are analyzed: the first focuses on false reporting on a selection of television networks; the second looks at parallel but politically divergent false rumors—an allegation that Donald Trump raped a 13-yearold and allegations tying Hillary Clinton to pedophilia—and tracks the amplification and resistance these stories faced.

scholarly journals Discursive Deflection: Accusation of “Fake News” and the Spread of Mis- and Disinformation in the Tweets of President Trump

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630511877601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Ross ◽  
Damian J. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Objective Truth ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports

Twitter is increasingly being used within the sociopolitical domain as a channel through which to circulate information and opinions. Throughout the 2016 US Presidential primaries and general election campaign, a notable feature was the prolific Twitter use of Republican candidate and then nominee, Donald Trump. This use has continued since his election victory and inauguration as President. Trump’s use of Twitter has drawn criticism due to his rhetoric in relation to various issues, including Hillary Clinton, the size of the crowd in attendance at his inauguration, the policies of the former Obama administration, and immigration and foreign policy. One of the most notable features of Trump’s Twitter use has been his repeated ridicule of the mainstream media through pejorative labels such as “fake news” and “fake media.” These labels have been deployed in an attempt to deter the public from trusting media reports, many of which are critical of Trump’s presidency, and to position himself as the only reliable source of truth. However, given the contestable nature of objective truth, it can be argued that Trump himself is a serial offender in the propagation of mis- and disinformation in the same vein that he accuses the media. This article adopts a corpus analysis of Trump’s Twitter discourse to highlight his accusations of fake news and how he operates as a serial spreader of mis- and disinformation. Our data show that Trump uses these accusations to demonstrate allegiance and as a cover for his own spreading of mis- and disinformation that is framed as truth.

scholarly journals Investigating nature within different discursive and ideological contexts: case studies of Chinese and Indian coal capitals

BJHS Themes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIN-HSIEN WU
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indian Coal ◽  
Environmental Campaigns ◽  
Critical Literature

AbstractGiven that purely scientific accounts of ‘environmental performance’ and ‘development’ cannot fully explain the environment and its interactions with people, this paper investigates how nature has been historically and sociopolitically defined in different societies. The analyses and observations presented in this paper are based on a critical literature review and on case studies of two ‘coal capitals’, one in Guizhou in China and the other in Jharkhand in India. The study examines the historical representations of environmental campaigns (particularly from the 1950s to the 1990s) in the two countries, and discusses how historical, sociopolitical and ideological factors have affected conceptualizations of nature and how they are reflected nowadays in people's narratives concerning the environment. The paper concludes that the Chinese pattern of development, as well as of knowledge construction, reflects a greater intention of homogenizing the public with the language of development deployed by the centralized power; meanwhile, the Indian pattern allows a greater space for the representation of conflicts, including people's struggles against the state. The comparative analysis enriches our understanding of people's responses to official perceptions of the environment endorsed by modern science and governance.

scholarly journals STAMPING OUT ISIS: METAPHORICAL EXPRESSIONS ABOUT TERRORISM IN DONALD TRUMP’S CAMPAIGN SPEECHES

2018 ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Ivan Stamenković
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Terrorism ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Campaign Speeches

The 2016 US Presidential Elections brought about one of the fiercest election campaigns so far, ending in a tight victory of Donald Trump, the Republican candidate, over Hillary Clinton, the candidate of the Democrats. The public appearances Trump made at rallies were one of the main tools he used in profiling himself as the new leader of America. In the light of the unstable situation in the world and the frequent terrorist attacks on Western states, Trump’s rhetoric regarding the issue of “Radical Islamic terrorism” was the key factor that propelled him towards victory (Azarian 2016). When he tackled the problem of terrorism, one of the discourse mechanisms that he used in abundance was a set of conceptual metaphors drawn from different spheres of human experience. The aim of this research will be to contribute to the role metaphor plays in discourse by highlighting some of the most salient and frequent metaphors in Trump’s terrorism rhetoric, including the conceptualizations involved and their conceptual implications in discourse.

scholarly journals Workload-Aware Views Materialization for Big Open Linked Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Tomasz J. Zlamaniec ◽  
Kuo-Ming Chao ◽  
Nick Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
The Public ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Access Patterns ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

It is a trend for the public organizations to digitalize and publish their large dataset as open linked data to the public users for queries and other applications for further utilizations. Different users’ queries with various frequencies over time create different workload patterns to the servers which cannot guarantee the QoS during peak usages. Materialization is a well-known effective method to reduce peaks, but it is not used by semantic webs, due to frequently evolving schema. This research is able to estimate workloads based on previous queries, analyze and normalize their structures to materialize views, and map the queries to the views with populated data. By analyzing how access patterns of individual views contribute to the overall system workload, the proposed model aims at selection of candidates offering the highest reduction of the peak workload. Consequently, rather than optimizing all queries equally, a system using the new selection method can offer higher query throughput when it is the most needed, allowing for a higher number of concurrent users without compromising QoS during the peak usage. Finally, two case studies were used to evaluate the proposed method.

scholarly journals Presentation of the Political Agenda in the News Programs of Lithuanian TV channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
Martyna Bajorinaitė ◽  
Marija Keršanskienė ◽  
Ligita Luščiauskaitė ◽  
Indrė Petronytė ◽  
Valdonė Rudenkienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Selection ◽  
News Programs ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

The authors of the article investigate how the parliamentary agenda is reflected in the agenda-setting. They determined the study period and examined how many decisions made in the Parliament are on the agenda of Lithuanian television channels. The study showed that the agenda of the Seimas of Lithuania occupies a very small part of the schedule of media topics. The researchers relied on journalistic criteria for the selection of information – novelty, relevance and conflict. According to them, the criteria by which journalists choose news are not very clear. Sometimes the selected news does not match any –novelty, relevance, or conflict criterion, and sometimes only one of them. However, the criterion of conflict should be considered dominant. Let‘s do it the premise that scandalous news is of most interest to the public. On the other hand, the fact that journalists take the news of a press release already prepared by the Parliament also partly explains the fact of non-compliance with the news selection criteria.

Words from Bononia Legal Corpus

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-34
Author(s):  
Rema Rossini Favretti ◽  
F. Tamburini ◽  
E. Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Project ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Corpus Design ◽  
Text Types ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Selection Of

The analysis of special multilingual corpora is still in its infancy, but it may serve a particularly important role for the directions it offers both in cross-linguistic investigation and in the selection of the most typical features of text types and genres. To exemplify the information which can be obtained from corpus evidence, the paper reports on an on-going corpus-driven research project, named Bononia Legal Corpus (BOLC). The main aim of BOLC is to build multilingual machine readable law corpora. Data are at present limited to English and Italian, but an extension is envisaged to include other languages. Before the first sample, a preliminary pilot corpus was constructed to consider European legislation and create a conceptual framework to be used as a first-level experience. In the paper, sections 2 and 3 describe the corpus design and formatting as well as the corpus access tools. Sections 4 and 5 discuss two case studies and analyse two semantic areas which can be seen as two ends of the same variational continuum. At one end, we consider the words contratto and contract, which through the extension of international transactions and circulation may be supposed to have acquired transnational traits. At the other, we focus on a semantic area which may be expected to present translation problems for the differences existing in the two socio-institutional systems. Reference is made to the English words tax and duty and to the Italian words tassa and imposta.

scholarly journals TRUMP VS JOKOWI: EXPLORING THE LEXICOGRAMMATICAL VARIATION OF HEAD OF STATES’ TWITTER COMMUNICATION

LITERA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Putu Nur Ayomi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Grammatical Metaphor ◽  
Selection Of

TRUMP VS JOKOWI: EXPLORING THE LEXICOGRAMMATICAL VARIATION OF HEAD OF STATES’ TWITTER COMMUNICATION Putu Nur AyomiUniversitas Mahasaraswati Denpasaremail: [email protected] Abstract Unlike other social media such as Facebook or Instagram, which is usually used to connect people and maintain relationships, Twitter focuses on information sharing. This makes Twitter an ideal platform to discuss ideas and generate conversations around particular issues. This article explores and compares the lexicogrammatical choices made by President Donald Trump and Joko Widodo in a selection of their tweets. Guided by Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), this article explains the stylistic differences and their implications in the three metafunctions: ideational, interpersonal, and textual, including the language used for evaluation drawn from the Appraisal system network. The study reveals that Trump’s language is more spoken-like than that of Jokowi’s. Trump also employs various appraisal strategies to negatively evaluate his opponents and counter various adverse accusations addressed to him. Jokowi, on the other hand, uses more abstract written-like language and use more positive appraisal strategies mainly addressed to his government programs and plans amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The result of the study reveals that different individual lexicogrammatical choices can generate diverse representations and images.Keywords: lexicogrammar, metafunction, grammatical metaphor, appraisalTRUMP VS JOKOWI: MENDEDAH VARIASI LEKSIKOGRAMATIKAL KOMUNIKASI KEPALA NEGARA DI TWITTERAbstrak Berbeda dengan media sosial lain seperti Facebook atau Instagram yang biasanya digunakan untuk menghubungkan orang dan menjaga hubungan, Twitter berfokus pada berbagi informasi. Ini menjadikan Twitter platform yang ideal untuk mendiskusikan ide dan menghasilkan percakapan seputar masalah tertentu. Artikel ini membahas dan membandingkan pilihan leksikogramatikal dari Presiden Donald Trump dan Joko Widodo dalam kumpulan tweet mereka. Dengan panduan teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik, artikel ini menjelaskan perbedaan gaya bahasa kedua presiden dan implikasinya dalam ketiga metafungsi: Ideasional, Interpersonal, dan Tekstual, termasuk penggunaan bahasa sebagai sarana evaluasi yang diambil dari sistem Appraisal. Kajian ini mengungkapkan bahwa bahasa Trump lebih bercirikan bahasa lisan dibandingkan bahasa Jokowi. Trump juga menggunakan berbagai strategi Appraisal untuk mengevaluasi lawan politiknya secara negatif dan untuk melawan berbagai tuduhan negatif yang ditujukan kepadanya. Di sisi lain, Jokowi menggunakan bahasa yang lebih abstrak dan bercirikan bahasa tertulis serta menggunakan strategi Appraisal positif terutama yang ditujukan pada program dan rencana kerja pemerintahannya di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pilihan leksikogramatikal individual yang berbeda dapat menghasilkan representasi dan citra yang beragam.Kata kunci: leksikogramatika, metafungsi, metafora gramatikal, appraisal

scholarly journals EFFECT OF 2008 AND 2016 U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE INDONESIAN STOCK MARKET

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Evelyn ◽  
Sautma Ronni Basana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Black President ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Presidential election was an event that received widespread attention across the globe. In the 2008 presidential campaign, Barrack Obama nominated to be the first black President. In 2016, Hillary Clinton poten­tially becomes the first woman President in American history, while the other can­di­da­te, Donald Trump, ma­de some unpopular and controversial proposals. The purpose of this paper is to ana­­­lyse whether the 2008 and 2016 election were considered as the rele­vant information in the Indonesian Stock Market (IDX). The daily closing prices of all all share listed in IDX wo­uld be examined used event stu­­­dy method. The results provide insight about the res­pon­si­­­veness of IDX parti­ci­pants to the U.S. Pre­si­den­­tial election event that could be used in decision making.

scholarly journals Promotion Influence in Sales Advance and in Increasing the Image to the SMEs in Kosova

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Rajan Arapi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The promotion as an important element of marketing mix plays a key role in marketingmanagement regard, in every enterprise, and also for SMEs. The SMEs in Kosova aregiving more and more importance to the promotion, and this factor, beside the salesadvance for their products, is important to increase their image. What is the impact of thepromotion in SMEs longevity; respectively ëhat are the advantages and disadvantages ofpromotion application compared with the other traditional advertisement forms? Whatare the promotion models used by the advance companies to increase their sales level andimprove the service level ? These are some of the research questions that follow thispaper. On the other side the increasing promotion application in front of traditionalforms of Marketing have made SMEs to save from their budget dedicated to Marketing,always taking into consideration the advanced models that today provides thiscommunication form. The research on hand will reflect the new advanced promotionmodels which are practiced by some SMEs in Kosova, these case studies will argue thecompany’s sustainability achieved by the promotion. The budgeting as an integral part ofpromotion realization, in this research will prove the possibility to save from the budgetby avoiding the classical – traditional forms of advertisement. This aspect also will beargued by case studies of SMEs in Kosova. The mass media, in this case, thecommunication with the public, in way to transmit the promotion message, request aprofound analyze when it comes to select the mediums, rating and audiencemeasurement, etc. The research will contribute not only to SMEs but also to consumersand public in general. The research will have its conclusions and recommendations whichwill enforce each of elements that require a different treatment from the one that isapplied in reality.

scholarly journals A Typical Politician vs. a Lunatic Businessman: Different Language Styles of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
Huiyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Result ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Public ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Campaign Speeches ◽  
The Media ◽  
Language Styles

The victory of Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 US election shocked the media and the public around the world. In an attempt to understand the linguistic differences between Clinton and Trump that might explain the unexpected result, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the research to analyze their particular language features in the speeches and different strategies employed in their debates. The quantitative result showed that Trump’s language was not as rich as Clinton’s. And in terms of the qualitative analysis, it was found that Clinton tended to use the pronoun you more than Trump and that both of them were inclined to make frequent use of we in their campaign speeches. As for debate strategies, Trump, compared with Clinton, was more likely to interrupt and repeat for the purpose of showing power and leaving the audience a stronger impression. The research offers insights into Trump’s and Clinton’s linguistic features and debate strategies that might account for Trump’s victory in the election.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document