scholarly journals Economics of Technological Leapfrogging

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-159
Author(s):  
Keun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Technological Leapfrogging ◽  
Start Ups

Latecomer economies are firms which may be able to leapfrog older vintages of technology, and make pre-emptive investments in emerging technologies to catch up with advanced countries in new markets. Leapfrogging can be defined as latecomers trying something different ahead of the forerunners, thereby leaping over them. The answer to the question whether the fourth industrial revolution represents a new window of opportunity for leapfrogging or whether it constitutes a source of further risks for latecomers is that this depends entirely on the country’s response and readiness, that is, its industrial policy, digital literacy, the skill and education level, as well as domestic market size and position in the GVC. Policy recommendations for leapfrogging can also be made for different types of firms, such as incumbents and start-ups. The former comprises three types of firms, namely leaders, followers, and laggards. Path-creating type leapfrogging is more likely to take place in start-ups because they have invested the least in existing technologies or business models. Leader or follower type firms in emerging economies tend to have some experience with technology and absorptive capacity and are thus likely to be in a position to skip one or several stages, while managing the risks associated with leapfrogging. Lastly, laggard firms should not attempt pre-mature leapfrogging but should first build some absorptive capacity in their niche area and upgrade by moving up the higher end of the GVC.

Emerging Industrial Revolution: Symbiosis of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: The Role of Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Alfred Ngowi ◽  
Henk De Jager ◽  
Bankole O. Awuzie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Jobs

Growing consumerism and population worldwide raises concerns about society’s sustainability aspirations. This has led to calls for concerted efforts to shift from the linear economy to a circular economy (CE), which are gaining momentum globally. CE approaches lead to a zero-waste scenario of economic growth and sustainable development. These approaches are based on semi-scientific and empirical concepts with technologies enabling 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 6Rs (reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture, reduce, recover). Studies estimate that the transition to a CE would save the world in excess of a trillion dollars annually while creating new jobs, business opportunities and economic growth. The emerging industrial revolution will enhance the symbiotic pursuit of new technologies and CE to transform extant production systems and business models for sustainability. This article examines the trends, availability and readiness of fourth industrial revolution (4IR or industry 4.0) technologies (for example, Internet of Things [IoT], artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology) to support and promote CE transitions within the higher education institutional context. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of universities as living laboratories for experimenting the utility of industry 4.0 technologies in driving the shift towards CE futures. The article concludes that universities should play a pivotal role in engendering CE transitions.

scholarly journals MENGGALI PENGALAMAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI BERBASIS INTERNET DALAM MEMPERSIAPKAN INDONESIA MENUJU INDUSTRI 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Annisa Reginasari ◽  
Verdiantika Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Digital Gap

AbstrakTren penggunaan sistem digital berbasis internet merupakan salah satu karakteristik kehadiran era revolusi industri ke empat. Adanya kesenjangan digital khususnya di Indonesia menjadi permasalahan tersendiri. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menggali sejauhmana pengalaman partisipan terhadap penggunaan sistem digital berbasis internet di lingkungan kerja dan pendidikan; dan mengetahui harapan individu bagi pengembangan penggunaan sistem digital berbasis internet di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi  yang fokus pada esensi pemahaman tentang pengalaman individu. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam kepada 2 orang partisipan dan jajak pendapat pertanyaan setengah terbuka (open-ended quesionnaire) kepada 41 orang partisipan baik di lingkungan kerja maupun instansi pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengalaman positif dan negatif dalam menggunakan sistem digital berbasis internet. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh besarnya keinginan menggunakan sistem digital berbasis internet yang tidak diingiri dengan optimalisasi penerapan sistem teknikal dan kemampuan dalam literasi digital.  AbstractThe trend of the application of internet-based digital system is one of the characteristics of the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution era. The presence of digital gap especially in Indonesia has become a particular issue. This research is aimed to discover how far the experiences of participants regarding the utilization of internet-based digital system for in work and education environments; and to discover the hopes of individuals for future development of internet-based digital system. This research was using qualitative approach through phenomenological method which focused on the essence of understanding regarding individual experiences. Data were collected through depth interview towards 2 participants and open-ended questionnaire towards 41 participants either in work environment or educational institution. The research results have indicated that there are positive and negative experiences in the application of internet-based digital system. Positive experiences occur from high benefits which acquired from the application of internet-based digital system. While negative experiences occur from the high desire to use internet-based digital system which not adjusted to the optimization of technical system implementation, the policy digital system application and the capability in digital literacy. These condition become the hope of individuals for internet-based digital system in the future.

scholarly journals The analysis of the digital transformation trends in the Ukrainian economy

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Hanna Snopenko ◽  
Olga Balueva ◽  
Olena Tanchyk
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
New Production ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World

The consistent evolution of technology around the world creates new production tools and opportunities for different economic agents. As a result, new economic structures are emerging as a result of industrial revolutions. Today, the digital economy is seen as the backbone of the fourth industrial revolution, as there is a clear shift in the underlying technology and signs of a technological and economic paradigm shift. The current stage of the industrial revolution is associated with the Internet communication technologies development, which has significantly changed the technology of business processes and has been called "digitalisation". Thus, the fourth industrial revolution and the third wave of globalisation are based on the digital economy. The article explores trends in the development of the Ukrainian economy under the influence of ubiquitous digitalisation. Digital transformation changes traditional business models of organisations, allowing them to occupy profitable niches in global markets, raising the prestige of business and the state as a whole. In today's environment, the level of digitalisation illustrates the degree of companies' competitiveness and is a determining factor in development strategy. To analyse the processes of digitalisation and determine the place of Ukraine in the digital world, the article identifies and describes four zones of digital transformation, which are particular to the world economies. It is determined that Ukraine has fallen into a zone of prospective economies, where digital infrastructure is limited. Still, digital development is accelerating, indicating the potential for digitalisation to flourish, which will benefit economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and long-term transformation. Ukraine's integral digital transformation index score is placed at 2.81 out of a possible 5 in 2021. It was determined that the main barriers to the digital transformation development in Ukrainian business include ineffective legislation, insufficient funding and low digital literacy of the population. However, the highest score among the index components was given to companies' overall level of digital transformation. A positive result of the survey is confirmation of increased investment in the digital technologies development in Ukraine: priority investments in this area include customer interaction, data analytics and HR management.

scholarly journals Features of Digitalization in the Construction Industry as an Important Factor of Its Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
K. Voskovykh
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution

This article determines that in the context of global digitalization, the competitiveness and sustainable development of companies depend on the speed of mastering new technologies. Assessment of the current level of the construction industry indicates its lag behind other industries. The aim of the study is to analyze the current level of digitalization of construction companies and summarize the constraining factors. The importance of continuous digitization of production and logistics, networking of autonomous smart objects or the use of self-learning systems in order to increase flexibility and optimize processes is emphasized. The main benefit of implementing digital business models is reducing the time it takes to make decisions, implement a project, and bring products to market. The factors holding back digital processes at the construction site are highlighted: a high proportion of manual production, over-regulation, dependence on the public sector and cyclical changes, the scale of the company. New technologies resulting from the fourth industrial revolution promise more efficient processes, greater time and cost savings, greater productivity and quality. The construction industry must catch up with other industries, because it also has to face the challenges of globalization, urbanization, climate change, resource scarcity, demographic change and other events that disrupt its sustainable development. Construction Site 4.0 promises improvements, but the fourth industrial revolution on the construction site is just beginning.

scholarly journals Transformation of the world job market in the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-28
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Shirinkina
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Job Management ◽  
Business News ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of this research is substantiated by the fact that the world job market is currently under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). The goal lies in assessing the impact of cyclic and unexpected trends upon the job market, and thus, the forms of job management and employment functions. In this regard, analysis is conducted on the academic theories in the context of conceptualization of the impact of Industry 4.0 upon the job market and employment functions. The long-term trends in transformation of the job market are determined. The empirical basis of this research is comprised of the statistical data provided by Rosstat and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, as well as the resources of analytical articles and scientific publications, including the materials of international organizations, leading consulting companies, global associations, leading educational institutions, other active participants of global educational environment, and job market experts. An overview is given to the trends that affect the companies, their strategies and business models; the impact of such trends upon the transformation of current professions and the emergence of new professions; skills required for these professions. The scientific novelty lies in substantiation of the concept of skill-biased technical change (SBTC) and the theory of routine-biased technological change (RBTC). The presented materials would allow the companies to combine business news with fundamental training of specialists for going along the new career trajectiory in light of the new technological challenges, which defines the practical value of this research.

The corona crisis as a catalyst for the digital transformation in the sanitary trade?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-12
Author(s):  
Marcus Diedrich ◽  
Markus Peplinski
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Working World

The term Work 4.0 is connected with the discussion about the fourth industrial revolution, but focuses on modes of working conditions – not only in the industrial sector but also in the entire working world. The digital transformation is leading to profound changes in business models, organizations and work design. The working world of the future will be more digital, flexible and networked. The corona crisis has shifted the framework conditions with regard to communication both within the company and with customers. Many companies are becoming aware that too little money and time has been invested in digital infrastructure. The aim of this essay is to fnd out to what extent the corona crisis serves as a catalyst for the digital transformation in the specialist sanitary trade. The study carried out for this purpose leads to the result that the use of video conferences and home offces have increased and will also be used more frequently in the future. In contrast, the use of targeted multi-channel measures in the form of virtual showrooms is on the decline.

Industry 4.0: proposing a framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 250-267
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Silva ◽  
Rodolfo Cardoso ◽  
Ramon Baptista Narcizo ◽  
Luiza Maciel Gonçalves ◽  
Yohana Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Technological Clusters ◽  
Practical Implications

The term Industry 4.0 has gained prominence in academic and business discourses in recent years, having its concept related to the so-called fourth industrial revolution. Goal: The present research aims to develop and present a framework with the concepts of Industry 4.0. Methodology: The study started from a quantitative analysis of the academic articles available in the Scopus database. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis of articles and technical reports (mostly) was carried out to obtain a more applied technological vision in the industry. With this, technological clusters were built and, finally, the Industry 4.0 framework was proposed. Results: As a result, it was possible to establish an overview of the publications, highlighting the main conceptual views of the different terms that converge for the fourth industrial revolution, as well as the main technologies associated with Industry 4.0, systematizing the knowledge in the industry 4.0 framework. Limitations of the investigation: The search has been limited to available and selected papers for reading. Practical implications: The practical contribution has been satisfactorily evaluated to assist future research on the subject. Value: Finally, the main contribution of the work is the creation of a framework that synthesizes and systematizes the relationships among the main characteristics, technologies, products and business models of the 4.0.

scholarly journals Delphi Prospection on Additive Manufacturing in 2030: Implications for Education and Employment in Spain

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pérez-Pérez ◽  
Emilio Gómez ◽  
Miguel Sebastián
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Spanish Research ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
And Mathematics

The term additive manufacturing (AM) groups together a set of technologies with similar characteristics forming part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. AM is being developed globally, as evidenced by the standards published by and the agreements between the ISO and the ASTM in 2013. The purpose of this paper is to anticipate the main changes that will occur in AM by 2030 as forecast by more than 100 Spanish experts through Delphi prospection performed in 2018. In this way, the areas, aspects, and business models with the greatest probabilities of occurrence are obtained. The need for technical experts with specific knowledge and skills requires changes to current training syllabuses. Such changes will enable students to have the profiles foreseen in these job trends. The encouragement of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) training through the introduction of AM in study plans may be an appropriate alternative. Finally, the consequences of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for the employment market and on jobs, particularly in Spain, are set out and the latest Spanish Research, Development, and Innovation (R&D + I) plans are summarized as the framework for the possible implementation and development of AM.

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