Simple Mind Machines

Mirror Worlds ◽  
1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gelernter
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Concrete Problem ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
The Brain

we plunge now into the deepest, trickiest, most treacherous and remarkable undersea cavern in the whole coral reef, the question of simulated experience. when we get to the bottom we will be face to face with the fundamental question of artificial intelligence (henceforth AI). we won’t know how to solve it, but we will be shining a flashlight in its face. what does it mean to think? How does thinking work? Not “how does the brain work,” but what does the thinking process consist of, in logical terms? we don’t need to understand lungs to realize that respiration has something to do with grabbing air, letting it soak in somehow and then pushing it out. Thinking is (one suspects) just as basic a physiological process as breathing; how does it work? Presumably it’s not mere random helter skelter scurrying about. There is some system at work, some process, presumably. Even when you are not hard at work solving a math problem, planning a strategy or wracking your brain for the name of someone’s daughter, there is something ticking over in there, as steadily (maybe even as rhythmically) as breathing. what is this process? As usual, we have a particular, concrete problem and a software solution in mind. The problem is crucial to Mirror worlds: How do we make the experience key work? In answering we will (again) be addressing a major problem in the non-Mirror world as well. In the last chapter, I discussed the extraction of information from fastflowing data streams at the source. we turn now to oceans of data that have accumulated in databases. what can we do with this stuff? All those multi-billions of records on file? Here, the focus is different. You don’t worry so much about extracting information fast, as the data values fly by. You focus instead on the problem of comparing many stored incidents or situations. In pursuing this concrete problem, I’ll keep the deep questions and long-term implications at bay, for the most part—but they do have a tendency to wind their tendrils around the subject matter in this chapter. I will be describing a “simulated mind” designed for a well-defined, utilitarian purpose.

Transfer of consciousness. Considering its possibility or fantasy from the religious and scientific perspectives

DIALOGO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Tudor-Cosmin Ciocan ◽  
Any Docu Axelerad ◽  
Maria CIOCAN ◽  
Alina Zorina Stroe ◽  
Silviu Docu Axelerad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Religious Believer ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Feature ◽  
The Brain

Ancient beliefs such as astral projection, human possession, abduction and other similar are not only universal, taught by all religions, but also used as premises for core believes/expectations, such as after-life, eternal damnation, reincarnation, and many others. Transferring Consciousness to a Synthetic Body is also a feature of interest in our actual knowledge, both religious as for science. If immortality were an option, would you take it into consideration more seriously? Most people would probably dismiss the question since immortality isn’t a real deal to contract. But what if having eternal life was a possibility in today’s world? The possibility of the transfer of human consciousness to a synthetic body can soon become a reality, and it could help the world for the better. Thus, until recently, the subject was mostly proposed by religion(s) and saw as a spiritual [thus, not ‘materially real’ or ‘forthwith accomplishable’] proposal therefore not really fully engaged or trust if not a religious believer. Now, technology is evolving, and so are we. The world has come to a point where artificial intelligence is breaking the boundaries of our perception of human consciousness and intelligence. And with this so is our understanding about the ancient question ‘who are we?’ concerning consciousness and how this human feature sticks to our body or it can become an entity beyond the material flesh. Without being exhaustive with the theme's development [leaving enough room for further investigations], we would like to take it for a spin and see how and where the religious and neuroscience realms intersect with it for a global, perhaps holistic understanding. Developments in neurotechnology favor the brain to broaden its physical control further the restraints of the human body. Accordingly, it is achievable to both acquire and provide information from and to the brain and also to organize feedback processes in which a person's thoughts can influence the activity of a computer or reversely.

Naturalism and Kantianism

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Valentin A. Bazhanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
External Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

An article by T. Rockmore, published in the journal “Epistemology and Philosophy of Science” in 2009 (Vol. XXII. No. 4, pp. 14‒29), claim that naturalism is by its nature an example of anti-Kantianism, for it treats philosophy as a continuation science and recognizes science as a legitimate source of knowledge, does not allow a priori, relies on an a posteriori approach, empiricism in the pre-Kantian sense, and insists on the possibility of revising the knowledge acquired. This article has a goal to show that T. Rockmore point of view should be revised due to the progress of modern cognitive research and, first of all, neuroscience, in which all the features of the naturalistic approach are implemented and in which the “Kantian program” of brain research is developed. In the context of this program, the existence on the ontological level (i.e., in the brain) of certain neural structures that make it possible and play a crucial role in the cognitive activity of a person is recognized. Those concepts that Kant treated as components of cognitive activity in modern neuroscience acquired ontological status in the form of the activity of certain neural structures, which turn out to be prerequisites and components of this activity. We claim that in the context of the Kantian research program in neuroscience, the metaphor “Kantian brain” naturally entered the vocabulary of neuroscientists, and certain specific operations and functions of the brain began to be associated with individual elements of Kant's ideas. It is in this context attempts are made to comprehend the mechanisms of the brain in the “stimulus – activity” mode, when an external effect leads to the excitation of certain neural structures. The brain is capable to anticipate the long-term results of certain actions of the subject. In the case of foresight, the brain generates “internal” models and uses for their correction external data that constantly provided from reality across the subject. At the same time, some kind of self-correcting mechanisms implements, which from a formal point of view described by the Bayes theorem, using a priori evaluations of upcoming events and changes in these evaluations as result of experience. Thus, naturalism and Kantianism understood in the context of the progress of modern science, despite T. Rockmore idea, are completely compatible.

Is coding a relevant metaphor for building AI?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Santoro ◽  
Felix Hill ◽  
David Barrett ◽  
David Raposo ◽  
Matt Botvinick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Coding ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Brette contends that the neural coding metaphor is an invalid basis for theories of what the brain does. Here, we argue that it is an insufficient guide for building an artificial intelligence that learns to accomplish short- and long-term goals in a complex, changing environment.

Brain Computations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund T. Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Computational Science ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

The subject of this book is how the brain works. In order to understand this, it is essential to know what is computed by different brain systems; and how the computations are performed. The aim of this book is to elucidate what is computed in different brain systems; and to describe current computational approaches and models of how each of these brain systems computes. Understanding the brain in this way has enormous potential for understanding ourselves better in health and in disease. Potential applications of this understanding are to the treatment of the brain in disease; and to artificial intelligence which will benefit from knowledge of how the brain performs many of its extraordinarily impressive functions. This book is pioneering in taking this approach to brain function: to consider what is computed by many of our brain systems; and how it is computed. The book will be of interest to all scientists interested in brain function and how the brain works, whether they are from neuroscience, or from medical sciences including neurology and psychiatry, or from the area of computational science including machine learning and artificial intelligence, or from areas such as theoretical physics.

Treatment Of Sexual Dysfunctions In The "Doctor D" Hospital In Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Sakellion Dimitrios Nikolaos ◽  
◽  
Irgashev Dilmurad Saatovich ◽  
Alimov Ulugbek Khudoyarovich ◽  
Sultanov Shokhrukh Khabibullaevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Neurophysiological Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Hypnosis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Long-term studies of clinical hypnosis at the "Doctor D" hospital in Uzbekistan demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the treatment of various sexual disorders. This is confirmed by the change in the behavior of the subject in interpersonal relationships. Neurophysiological monitoring objectively confirms the change in the biorhythmic activity of the brain towards positive emotions, with the resurrection of feelings in the relationship of spouses.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE BRAIN COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY RESULTS USING THE CONVENTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Ji Wang ◽  
◽  
V.I. Voronov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Optimal Algorithms ◽  
Brain Computed Tomography ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Research Analysis

Advances in technology are making health research increasingly complex. Artificial intelligence is widely used in this research. Convolutional neural networks are one of the most common and optimal algorithms for working with images. Image recognition results are used to analyze the results of medical examinations of patients. The subject of the research – analysis of the human brain computed tomography results using a convolutional neural network based on the Keras library.

scholarly journals Image Search System Based on Machine Learning

2022 ◽  
Vol 2146 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
HongLin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Search System ◽  
Communication Platform ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Since the 21st century, with the continuous maturity of network technology and its integration with the education field, traditional face-to-face communication has gradually expanded to the virtual network environment. In the online learning environment, students can use the online platform to communicate directly with teachers, no longer limited by time and region. The time and space breakthrough of teacher-student interaction has brought development opportunities for teachers to constantly contact students with a long-term management mechanism. Based on this situation, this article uses artificial intelligence technology to build a network communication platform. This article first analyzes the application status of artificial intelligence technology in the network communication platform, and then introduces the artificial intelligence technology applied in this article. Then, this article uses artificial intelligence technology to design a network communication platform, and test the function and performance of the platform. The test results show that the function of the system is very accurate and reliable, and the performance of the system is sufficient to support nearly 10,000 users at the same time.

scholarly journals Multiscale Computation and Dynamic Attention in Biological and Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Ryan Paul Badman ◽  
Thomas Trenholm Hills ◽  
Rei Akaishi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Adaptive Modulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Multiscale Computation ◽  
Game Ai ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Brain

Biological and artificial intelligence (AI) are often defined by their capacity to achieve a hierarchy of short-term and long-term goals that require incorporating information over time and space at both local and global scales. More advanced forms of this capacity involve the adaptive modulation of integration across scales, which resolve computational inefficiency and explore-exploit dilemmas at the same time. Research in neuroscience and AI have both made progress towards understanding architectures that achieve this. Insight into biological computations come from phenomena such as decision inertia, habit formation, information search, risky choices and foraging. Across these domains, the brain is equipped with mechanisms (such as the dorsal anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) that can represent and modulate across scales, both with top-down control processes and by local to global consolidation as information progresses from sensory to prefrontal areas. Paralleling these biological architectures, progress in AI is marked by innovations in dynamic multiscale modulation, moving from recurrent and convolutional neural networks—with fixed scalings—to attention, transformers, dynamic convolutions, and consciousness priors—which modulate scale to input and increase scale breadth. The use and development of these multiscale innovations in robotic agents, game AI, and natural language processing (NLP) are pushing the boundaries of AI achievements. By juxtaposing biological and artificial intelligence, the present work underscores the critical importance of multiscale processing to general intelligence, as well as highlighting innovations and differences between the future of biological and artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals As bases neuronais da memória e da aprendizagem: conhecer para atuar

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Marta Paz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Brain

Neurosciences are an emerging area of scientific knowledge, whose goal is to contribute to a better knowledge of the brain. Due to the complexity of the object of study, it is primarily an interdisciplinary domain, integrating multiple scientific areas, such as biology, chemistry, medicine or psychology. This work results from bibliographic review on the subject of neurosciences and the neurological bases underlying cognitive processes, addressing the processes involved in the construction of memory, learning or attention. It also presents possible bridges between neurosciences and education and neurosciences and artificial intelligence.

Psychopathology 8½ Years Post Parasuicide

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Curran ◽  
Michael Fitzgerald ◽  
Vincent T Greene
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

There are few long-term follow-up studies of parasuicides incorporating face-to-face interviews. To date no study has evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity at long-term follow-up of parasuicides using diagnostic rating scales, nor has any study examined parental bonding issues in this population. We attempted a prospective follow-up of 85 parasuicide cases an average of 8½ years later. Psychiatric morbidity, social functioning, and recollections of the parenting style of their parents were assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule, the Social Maladjustment Scale, and the Parental Bonding Instrument, respectively. Thirty-nine persons in total were interviewed, 19 of whom were well and 20 of whom had psychiatric morbidity. Five had died during the follow-up period, 3 by suicide. Migration, refusals, and untraceability were common. Parasuicide was associated with parental overprotection during childhood. Long-term outcome is poor, especially among those who engaged in repeated parasuicides.

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