The State and the Ongoing Struggle Over Coca in Bolivia: Legitimacy, Hegemony, and the Exercise of Power

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
Current Drive ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Year 2000

Dangerous Harvest, the title of this volume, is an especially appropriate metaphor with which to begin to discuss and understand the ongoing, protracted, and increasingly violent struggle over coca in Bolivia—the third most-important coca leaf–producing country in the world (BINM 1998: 65). Such a metaphor—which suggests the reaping of a product that is potentially precarious, menacing, ominous, and even deadly—points to the fact not only that coca is an inherently conflict-ridden arena or social space but also that the most enduring and significant upshot of the current drive against coca, what is being “harvested” by recent counternarcotics efforts, is the potential for long-term structural instability and conflict in Bolivian society. In this chapter I pay special attention to this struggle over coca in Bolivia, particularly from the late 1980s to the early part of 2000. I will argue that the contest over coca in Bolivia reflects and embodies numerous and inherently conflictive claims and counterclaims (social, political, economic, and ideological) by different segments of Bolivian society, many of which entail fundamental questions about legitimacy, hegemony, and challenges to the exercise of power by elites and state elites. That is, to view the coca conflict as essentially one between “evil” or “criminal” coca growers and traffickers, on the one hand, and enlightened, law-abiding authorities and citizens, on the other—precisely the criminal justice perspective that ideologically informs, guides, and justifies current anticoca policy by U.S. and U.S.-funded counternarcotics agencies and programs—is not only not enlightening but also fundamentally counterproductive in that it fails to provide the necessary insights with which to grapple with and arrive at a just solution to some of the most important roots of the current coca strife in Bolivia. I will also try to understand and explain the seemingly successful coca eradication efforts in the late 1990s and first half of the year 2000, as well as how and why resistance to these efforts by coca cultivators in the Chapare appear to have been particularly ineffective in recent years.

A Closer Look at the Culture of Infidelity

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-200
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Professional Sports ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emotional Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The One ◽  
Communication Methods

This chapter takes a deeper look at the culture of infidelity that pervades the world of professional sports, why wives share a universal fear that their husbands will be unfaithful, and how they are affected by the possibility or actuality that their husbands will engage in sexual or emotional relationships with other women. Three patterns of infidelity are identified in the context of the sport marriage: the one-time encounter, the short-term affair, and the long-term affair. The concept of suspicion work is introduced to examine how wives try to manage the fear that their husbands may succumb to temptation and to specify how denial can be part of this process. The chapter discusses re-entry routines and communication methods some couples use when husbands return from travel, and the boundaries of fidelity and forgiveness wives establish as they attempt to cope with the realities of their husbands’ lives on the road.

Uncentred Minds

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
The World ◽  
Simone Weil ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

In this chapter I explore the relationship between Fernando Pessoa and Buddhism. I first introduce the brilliant French philosopher Simone Weil (1909–43), a contemporary of Pessoa but someone of whom he certainly had never heard. One way to read her remarks is as directed against the positional use of ‘I’, against the deployment in thought and speech of a positional conception of self. One should abandon forms of self-consciousness that are grounded in one’s thinking of oneself as the one at the centre of a landscape of sensation. For Weil, it is precisely such contact with reality as attention makes possible which holds the uncentred mind together, preventing its content being ‘a phantasmagoric fluttering with no centre or sense’. The uncentred mind would thus be a sort of conformal and aperspectival map of reality, standing in correspondence with the world without any privileged perspectival point. With these distinctions in mind, we say more of the mind of Alberto Caeiro, and address the question whether he is a Buddhist heteronym.

Long-term Trends in China-Taiwan Relations: Implications for U.S. Taiwan Policy

Asian Survey ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip C. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The One ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
Political Economic

Long-term political, economic, and military trends are reshaping the security environment in the Taiwan Strait in potentially destabilizing ways and undermining the ““one China”” framework. The United States has become more deeply involved in cross-strait relations to maintain stability and preserve the status quo, but this approach may not be sustainable.

scholarly journals The One with the Feminist Critique: Revisiting Millennial Postfeminism with Friends

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 692-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Feminist Criticism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
A Site

In the aftermath of its initial broadcast run, iconic millennial sitcom Friends (NBC, 1994–2004) generated some quality scholarship interrogating its politics of gender. But as a site of analysis, it remains a curious, almost structuring absence from the central canon of the first wave of feminist criticism of postfeminist culture. This absence is curious not only considering the place of Friends at the forefront of millennial popular culture but also in light of its long-term syndication in countries across the world since that time. And it is structuring in the sense that Friends was the stage on which many of the familiar tropes of postfeminism interrogated across the body of work on it appear in retrospect to have been tried and tested. This article aims to contribute toward redressing this absence through interrogation and contextualization of the series’ negotiation of a range of structuring tropes of postfeminist media discourse, and it argues for Friends as an unacknowledged ur-text of millennial postfeminism.

scholarly journals Is Longevity Acceleration Sustainable? An Entropy-Based Trial of the Population of Spain vs. Japan

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Amancio Betzuen Zalbidegoitia ◽  
Amaia Jone Betzuen Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Longevity Risk ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Mathematical Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Longevity risk is a major concern for governments around the world as they have to address social benefits, whether in the form of pensions, healthcare, or caring for dependents and providing long-term care, and so forth, which directly impact countries’ budgets. This paper uses a single entropy index to measure this type of risk. This methodology is clearly different from the one traditionally used in the literature, which is nearly entirely based on measuring the evolution of mathematical life expectancy. The authors used the longest-living populations in the world, Japan and Spain, to create a database in order to analyse the virtue of the indicator. The aim was to establish whether the longevity of those populations is accelerating or decelerating, compared by sex, and whether that occurs at the same intensity at different stages of a person’s life in each case. If the indicator showed differences in intensity, it would be a benchmark for the insurance and financial industry, providing it with information to market different products.

scholarly journals Essays On Disaster Management Issues Related To Household Preparedness And Public Attention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Masoumeh Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Household Preparedness

<p>This dissertation contains an essay on the effects of earthquake exposure on household preparedness in the short and long term and two essays on the predictors of public attention to earthquakes around the world.  In Chapter I, I use a difference-in-differences method to estimate the causal effects of the 2010 and 2011 Canterbury earthquakes on people’s preparedness in the short-term (one month after the second earthquake) and long-term (up to 25 months after the second earthquake). I find that people who experienced the earthquakes increase their preparedness by 0.67 standard deviations in the short term. This impact stays positive but declines to 0.42 standard deviations in the long term. In chapter II, I investigate whether people from Western countries pay more attention to earthquakes in Western countries. I use Google Trends data and examine the proportion of Google searches from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand for 610 earthquakes across the world over the period of 2006-2016. I find that people in these countries pay on average around 50 percent more attention to earthquakes in Western countries. My results are significant and consistent after controlling for geographical and social characteristics but becomes small and insignificant once I control for GDP per capita of the countries where the earthquake struck. There seems to be a developed country bias rather than a Western country bias. In the final chapter, I measure public attention – using the volume of Google searches – from 18 countries and investigate which factors predict public attention to earthquakes at international level. I focus on 372 earthquakes registered as disasters in The Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) over the period 2004-2018. I find that people pay more attention to earthquakes in richer countries, in more democratic countries, and in countries with which they have more social and cultural similarities. I also find that social and cultural similarities predict more public attention from Western and Latin American countries and less public attention from Arab and Sub-Saharan African countries. While, the findings of the economic and political status of countries are universal and predict more public attention in all four groups of countries.</p>

scholarly journals The Promise of a New NHS Under the Long Term Plan 2020-2030 –

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Triya Chakravorty
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Era ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Political Scene

The UK is in a state of change, from the political scene, to the climate crisis, to the technological revolution. These factors will not only change the world that we live in, but also our healthcare system. We are on the cusp of a new era for the NHS, and as a medical student, this novel NHS will be the one that I will work in. Naturally, this makes me wonder what this new NHS will look like, and what these changes will mean for medical students.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic and African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA): Exploring Potential Impacts and Developmental Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Asiedu
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Vulnerable Households

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused nontrivial disruptions to global value chains and affected the lives of many people, particularly the poor across the world. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the early part of 2020 in Africa, happened during a time that African countries had just signed one of the world’s largest trade agreements and therefore began introducing continental-level structures to strengthen free trade among member states. This chapter examines the potential effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the agenda for free trade in Africa, both in the short and in the long-term. Specifically, the chapter explores the trading environment of firms in Africa and highlights generally the challenges faced when implementing a trade agreement in the middle of a pandemic. It also, on the other hand, highlights how trade agreement in a middle of a pandemic can be a good thing to minimize the effect of the pandemic on poor and vulnerable households in Africa. The chapter ends by highlighting the need for managing the COVID-19 pandemic to grow and sustain intra-African trade.

scholarly journals Space Dimension of the Innovation-Technological Breakthrough

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
L. Pankova ◽  
O. Gusarova
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Strategic Stability ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Space Activities

The article addresses the technological base development for the exploration and use of outer space over the current decade and the subsequent period. Primary attention is given to the USA, Russia and China. The most important disruptive emerging military and dual-use technologies are highlighted, their impact on strategic stability, national and international security is examined in terms of both opportunities and risks. A cluster of the most important and perspective space technologies is considered. The paper indicates the possibility and necessity of new agreements on exploration and use of outer space, crucial for adapting space activities to new military-strategic, military-political and technological realities against a backdrop of the innovative technological breakthroughs and the digitalization processes development. Under the conditions of the U.S. military-political leaders’ commitment to competition between great powers, special attentions are paid to the increase of the competition complex factor and development of the so-called PEMT-competition (political, economic, military and technological competition). One of its important focuses is the space activity. It is underlined in the perspective survey till 2040 that, in spite of the crisis situation in the Russian space sector at the boundary of the third decade of the 21st century, Russia has a real opportunity to remain in the category of leading space powers. Special case study of the article is the interactions between space development and strategic stability, on the one hand, and information warfare, on the other. The problems of the space systems vulnerability are also noted. The article emphasizes the fundamental nature, importance and necessity of an impending long-term revision of future global space activities, primarily from the perspective of strategic stability. But the necessity of intensive world discussions on space control is also stressed.

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