Psychosocial Treatments for Early Psychosis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Compton ◽  
Beth Broussard
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Treatments ◽  
School Work

People experiencing psychosis often have to deal with a number of problems. These problems may stem from certain symptoms. As explained in Chapter 2, these symptoms may include positive symptoms (such as hearing voices or having unusual beliefs), negative symptoms (such as being isolated, withdrawn, or slow), cognitive dysfunction (such as difficulties with attention, learning, or memory), and other types of symptoms. However, psychosocial difficulties (like problems with school, work, relationships, and recreation/leisure activities) may disrupt life as well, even though they are not necessarily thought of as symptoms. Unfortunately, these types of problems are very common for people dealing with a psychotic disorder. Treating the se difficulties in addition to the specific symptoms is necessary to begin to feel better and to live a full life. In fact, the recovery process focuses as much on resuming school, work, relationships, and leisure activities as it does on remission (see Chapter 11 on Promoting Recovery). Although medicines are extremely important in treating symptoms, especially positive symptoms (see Chapter 6 on Medicines Used to Treat Psychosis), another type of treatments, called psychosocial treatments, focus more on helping patients with these broader problems. Normal psychosocial development begins in childhood but continues throughout adolescence and early adulthood. Adolescence and early adulthood are extremely important times when most people develop social skills and build relationships. Late adolescence and early adulthood is typically a time of finishing high school, starting college, getting a first job, having a first romantic relationship, beginning to live more independently from parents, buying a car, and establishing career goals. Success in all of these domains of life requires both psychological skills and social skills. The term psychosocial brings together these two words. So, psychosocial development refers to the important developmental stage when psychological and social skills mature. Unfortunately, for people who develop a psychotic disorder, late adolescence and early adulthood is the period of time when a first episode of psychosis usually begins. Thus, psychosis that first happens in this time period often interrupts psychosocial development, leading to psychosocial problems. Psychosocial problems refer to difficulties at school, at work, in relationships, or in recreation and leisure activities.

Psychosocial Treatments for Early Psychosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Beth Broussard ◽  
Michael T. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Psychosocial Treatments ◽  
School Work ◽  
Full Life

This chapter discusses the importance of psychosocial treatments for psychosis. The recovery process focuses as much on resuming school, work, relationships, and recreation/leisure activities as it does on treating symptoms. The purpose of psychosocial treatments is to help young people with psychosis overcome common challenges in these areas and resume a full life. Group therapy can help young people to feel less alone and give them a chance to talk to others who are going through similar difficulties and discover what’s working for them. Family interventions help families to cope with stress, improve their social supports, and reduce the effects of stigma. Supported employment aims to move young people toward successful paid employment. Social skills training focuses on teaching people how to approach and navigate personal and professional social situations through a combination of learning new techniques and practicing these skills in various settings.

scholarly journals Childhood trauma mediates the association between ethnic minority status and more severe hallucinations in psychotic disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Berg ◽  
M. Aas ◽  
S. Larsson ◽  
M. Nerhus ◽  
E. Hauff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundEthnic minority status and childhood trauma are established risk factors for psychotic disorders. Both are found to be associated with increased level of positive symptoms, in particular auditory hallucinations. Our main aim was to investigate the experience and effect of childhood trauma in patients with psychosis from ethnic minorities, hypothesizing that they would report more childhood trauma than the majority and that this would be associated with more current and lifetime hallucinations.MethodIn this cross-sectional study we included 454 patients with a SCID-I DSM-IV diagnosis of non-affective or affective psychotic disorder. Current hallucinations were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (P3; Hallucinatory Behaviour). Lifetime hallucinations were assessed with the SCID-I items: auditory hallucinations, voices commenting and two or more voices conversing. Childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, self-report version.ResultsPatients from ethnic minority groups (n = 69) reported significantly more childhood trauma, specifically physical abuse/neglect, and sexual abuse. They had significantly more current hallucinatory behaviour and lifetime symptoms of hearing two or more voices conversing. Regression analyses revealed that the presence of childhood trauma mediated the association between ethnic minorities and hallucinations.ConclusionsMore childhood trauma in ethnic minorities with psychosis may partially explain findings of more positive symptoms, especially hallucinations, in this group. The association between childhood trauma and these first-rank symptoms may in part explain this group's higher risk of being diagnosed with a schizophrenia-spectrum diagnosis. The findings show the importance of childhood trauma in symptom development in psychosis.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Relative Safety and Efficacy of Chlorpromazine and Risperidone in Schizophrenia patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1539-1544
Author(s):  
Kala Bahadur Rawal ◽  
Sharad Chand ◽  
Min Bahadur Luhar ◽  
Sreekath B ◽  
Muralidhar Reddy N ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Poor Medication Adherence

Patient safety is the foremost concern in the healthcare system. However, only a few studies have been conducted regarding the safety and efficacy of antischizophrenic drugs in the south Indian population. The main objective is to study relative safety profile and efficacy between Chlorpromazine and Risperidone among Schizophrenia patients teaching hospital. Prospective, observational, comparative study conducted for six months among Schizophrenia patients. The data was collected from 62 enrolled subjects with the help of questionnaires and scales, and data was analyzed by using a t-test and other relevant descriptive analysis by using the statistical software SPSS version 20.0. Out of a total of 70 patients, males were 39, andfemales were 31. Out of 70 patients, only 62 patients completed the study according to the inclusion criteria. The occurrence of schizophrenia was higher in the age of late adolescence and early adulthood. Risperidone was more effective in treating negative and general symptoms compare to chlorpromazine, but equally efficacious in treating positive symptoms. Poor medication adherence was found in patients receiving both drugs. Chlorpromazine is more effective in a patient with predominantly positive symptoms. Risperidone is more effective and should be preferred in patients with positive, negative, and general symptoms.

scholarly journals Impact of HIV/AIDS on the Psychosocial Development of Children

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laveena D’Mello ◽  
Meena Monteiro ◽  
Sathyendra Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
The World ◽  
Child Patient ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the leading cause of death in children under age five, in many parts of Africa and South East Asia. The interval between exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the development of AIDS is shorter in children than in adults. Infants infected with HIV have a high chance of developing AIDS within one year and dying before age three. In the remainder, AIDS progresses more slowly; the average child patient survives to adolescence. In the past, the world has faced many pandemics like cholera and plague. At the turn of the 20th century, the world faced influenza pandemic [1]. Every fifty to sixty years, the world has faced a new disease that has been of the nature of an epidemic. These diseases have left a trail of death and morbidity. There has been widespread fear and stigma attached to the victims due to ignorance and fear. As the diseases have progressed people have made efforts to study the issues. They have found the cause, spread, cures, and vaccines to prevent the spread of the disease. The aim of the study is to know the Impact of HIV/AIDS on the Psychosocial Development of Children and the objectives are to study the knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS. And to study the psychosocial problems faced by the children. In this regard, the researcher conducted a survey of 50 samples of children below the age group of 18 from the community.

scholarly journals The efficacy of a training program for social skills in reducing addictive Internet behaviors among Palestinian university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saida Affouneh ◽  
Fayez Azez Mahamid ◽  
Denise Ziya Berte ◽  
Ali Z. Shaqour ◽  
Marouf Shayeb
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
University Students ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Wait List

Abstract Background For youth in geopolitically at-risk environments, such as Palestine, the issues related to Internet overuse and addictions are complex. Youth residing in the occupied territories of Palestine as in other highly militarized zones have high levels of environmental stressors (e.g., militarization, poverty, lack of employment opportunities, cultural pressures, etc.) and few chemical or social outlets such as alcohol, intoxicants, and leisure activities. As such, the easily accessible and unrestricted opportunities for stress-reducing social contact of social media can lead easily to excessive and maladaptive Internet use. Therefore, interventions directly aimed at awareness and education on how to manage Internet use are critical for addressing these issues in high risk populations. Aims The purpose of the current study was to test the efficacy of a time-limited group training program aimed at improving social skills and reducing addictive Internet behaviors among university students. Methods and results The sample consisted of 30 university students who self-reported high scores on an Internet addiction scale. Participants were randomly assigned to either wait list or treatment group (15 in each condition). Results demonstrated that using a social skills training program over an 8-week period improved the level of social skills and reduced addictive Internet behaviors significantly in those who experienced the intervention when compared with a wait list control group. Conclusions These findings support the implementation of time limited training programs targeting social skills and addictive patterns of Internet use with university students identified with high levels of Internet addictive behaviors.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE DAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL PADA PEMAIN GAME DEWASA AWAL DI JAKARTA BARAT

Psibernetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefani Virlia ◽  
Silvia Setiadji
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Gaming Addiction ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Game Players ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>Online game is a game that is loved by many people of ages ranging from children to adults. Online games can trigger addiction that can cause effects such as withdrawal, aggressiveness, problems in interpersonal relationships and can even lead to psychological disorders. This study aimed to examine the relationship between online gaming addiction and social skills in early adult game players. The method used is quantitative method and included into the type of correlational research. Respondents in this study is the online game players in the cafe Jakarta Barat, totaling 342 people. The results of this study revealed a significant correlation between addicted to online games and social skills in early adult game players with r = -0367 (p &lt;0.05). Early adult game players have become addicted to the game because it makes online games as</em><em> an escape from their problems. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : addicted to online game; social skill;, early adulthood</em>

scholarly journals Influence of occupational dysfunction on the psychological problem in healthcare workers: A study using structural equation modeling

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsumi Teraoka ◽  
Makoto Kyougoku
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Occupational Dysfunction

Purpose: This study identified the effect of occupational dysfunction on psychological factors of stress response, burnout syndrome, and depression in healthcare workers. Method: Three cross sectional studies were conducted to assess the following relations: 1) occupational dysfunction on stress response (n = 468), 2) occupational dysfunction on burnout syndrome (n = 1142), and 3) occupational dysfunction on depression (n = 687). Personal characteristics were collected through a questionnaire (such as age, gender, and job category, opportunities for refreshment, time spent on leisure activities, and work relationships) as well as the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction (CAOD). Furthermore, study 1 included the Stress Response Scale-18 (SRS-18), study 2 used the Japanese Burnout Scale (JBS), and study 3 employed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and path analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis were used in all of the studies. EFA and CFA were used to measure structural validity of four assessments; CAOD, SRS-18, JBS, and CES-D. For examination of a potential covariate, we assessed the correlation of the total score of CAOD and personal factors in all studies. Moreover, direct and indirect effects of occupational dysfunction on stress response (Study 1), burnout syndrome (Study 2), and depression (Study 3) were also analyzed. Results: CAOD had 16 items and 5 factors. SRS-18 had 18 items and 3 factors, JBS had 17 items and 3 factors, CES-D had 20 items and 4 factors. All studies found that there were significant correlations between the CAOD total score and the personal factor that included opportunities for refreshment, time spent on leisure activities, and work relationships (p<0.01). The causal sequence model results suggest that the classification of occupational dysfunction had positive causal effects on the stress response (RMSEA = 0.058, CFI = 0.951, and TLI = 0.947), burnout syndrome (RMSEA = 0.074, CFI = 0.922, and TLI = 0.915), and depression (RMSEA=0.059, CFI=0.926, TLI=0.920). Moreover, the positive effect of external covariates include opportunities for refreshment, time spent on leisure activities, and work relationships on occupational dysfunction. Conclusion: The classification of occupational dysfunction indicated a possibility of increase in the stress response, burnout syndrome, and depression in healthcare workers. Furthermore, occupational dysfunction affected personal factors including opportunities for refreshment, time spent on leisure activities, and work relationships. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt occupational therapy strategies to prevent this problem.

scholarly journals From Speech Illusions to Onset of Psychotic Disorder: Applying Network Analysis to an Experimental Measure of Aberrant Experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy-Lou Boyette ◽  
Adela-Maria Isvoranu ◽  
Frederike Schirmbeck ◽  
Eva Velthorst ◽  
Claudia J P Simons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Aberrant perceptional experiences are a potential early marker of psychosis development. Earlier studies have found experimentally assessed speech illusions to be associated with positive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders, but findings for attenuated symptoms in individuals without psychotic disorders have been inconsistent. Also, the role of affect is unclear. The aim of this study was to use the network approach to investigate how speech illusions relate to individual symptoms and onset of a psychotic disorder. We estimated a network model based on data from 289 Clinical High-Risk (CHR) subjects, participating in the EU-GEI project. The network structure depicts statistical associations between (affective and all) speech illusions, cross-sectional individual attenuated positive and affective symptoms, and transition to psychotic disorder after conditioning on all other variables in the network. Speech illusions were assessed with the White Noise Task, symptoms with the BPRS and transition during 24-month follow-up with the CAARMS. Affective, not all, speech illusions were found to be directly, albeit weakly, associated with hallucinatory experiences. Hallucinatory experiences, in turn, were associated with delusional ideation. Bizarre behavior was the only symptom in the network steadily predictive of transition. Affective symptoms were highly interrelated, with depression showing the highest overall strength of connections to and predictability by other symptoms. Both speech illusions and transition showed low overall predictability by symptoms. Our findings suggest that experimentally assessed speech illusions are not a mere consequence of psychotic symptoms or disorder, but that their single assessment is likely not useful for assessing transition risk.

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