From Tracking to Trolling to Tribalism

Hard White ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Richard C. Fording ◽  
Sanford F. Schram
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Fox News ◽  
The Mass Media

Chapter 6 focuses on the role of a changing media landscape in disseminating misinformation to a disproportionately underinformed audience to support Donald Trump. It shows how the Trump campaign and its allies, including the contract firm Cambridge Analytica as well as Russian operatives, exploited the changing media landscape to spread misinformation to sow racial division and stoke white outgroup hostility. The chapter examines the nexus between Fox News, fake news, and Trump to provide evidence of the specific connection that demonstrates the key role of the mass media, social media included, in disseminating misinformation about outgroups and sustaining high levels of outgroup hostility among whites.

Echo Chambers, Fake News, and Social Epistemology

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-227
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lackey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Fox News ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Echo Chambers ◽  
Echo Chamber

A familiar criticism of Donald Trump is that, in watching only Fox News and similar news sources, he is creating a dangerous echo chamber for himself. Echo chambers are said to be responsible for a host of today’s problems, including the degradation of democracy. This diagnosis is fundamentally incorrect, and this chapter examines the two dominant explanations of the distinctively epistemic problem with echo chambers and shows that each is wanting. Echo chambers, by themselves, are not epistemically problematic. Echo chambers are characterized in purely structural terms, but what is needed to capture what is wrong with Trump’s exposure to only Fox News is content-sensitive. It is not that Trump is relying on a single source for news, but that he is relying on one that is unreliable. Finally, the chapter calls attention to the challenge of social media bots and the role of non-ideal social epistemology.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Media Massa Terhadap Kesadaran Berpolitik Siswa di SMK Negeri 1 Cianjur

Integralistik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Iyep Candra H ◽  
Tjeppy Sulaeman
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media

This research is motivated to find out the influence of mass media on students' political awareness. The role of mass media in the era of globalization provides a very large role in providing information to students, especially as a voter beginner or 17 years old. Through the media, information about politics is widely spread quickly and widely. The role of PPKn teachers in dealing with the influence of the mass media is the existence of political education provided to students in PPKn subjects. The results showed that at SMK Negeri 1 Cianjur the influence of the mass media on political awareness of students was very large. Technology has a very important role in this case social media, print media and electronic media which contains a lot of information and the role of PPKn teachers as educators in providing understanding to students so that they use mass media more wisely and aim so that the knowledge obtained can be used in community environment, in order to increase student participation, especially in any political activities. Thus, the influence of mass media can significantly increase political awareness (political awareness) of students and be democratic (democratic attitude).Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi untuk mengetahui pengaruh media massa terhadap kesadaran berpolitik siswa. Peran media massa di era globalisasi memberikan peran yang sangat besar dalam memberikan informasi kepada siswa khususnya sebagai pemilih pemula atau berusia 17 tahun. Melalui media, informasi mengenai politik banyak tersebar secara cepat dan meluas. Peran guru PPKn dalam menghadapi pengaruh media massa yaitu dengan adanya pendidikan politik yang diberikan kepada siswa dalam mata pelajaran PPKn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di SMK Negeri 1 Cianjur pengaruh media massa terhadap kesadaran berpolitik siswa sangat besar. Teknologi memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam hal ini media sosial, media cetak dan media elektronik yang di dalamnya banyak memuat informasi dan peran guru PPKn sebagai pendidik dalam memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa sehingga memanfaatkan media massa dengan lebih bijaksana dan bertujuan agar pengetahuan yang diperoleh dapat digunakan dalam lingkungan masyarakat, guna meningkatkan partisipasi siswa khususnya dalam setiap kegiatan-kegiatan politik. Dengan demikian, pengaruh media massa secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran berpolitik (political awareness) siswa dan bersikap demokratis (democratic attitude).This research is motivated to find out the influence of mass media on students' political awareness. The role of mass media in the era of globalization provides a very large role in providing information to students, especially as a voter beginner or 17 years old. Through the media, information about politics is widely spread quickly and widely. The role of PPKn teachers in dealing with the influence of the mass media is the existence of political education provided to students in PPKn subjects. The results showed that at SMK Negeri 1 Cianjur the influence of the mass media on political awareness of students was very large. Technology has a very important role in this case social media, print media and electronic media which contains a lot of information and the role of PPKn teachers as educators in providing understanding to students so that they use mass media more wisely and aim so that the knowledge obtained can be used in community environment, in order to increase student participation, especially in any political activities. Thus, the influence of mass media can significantly increase political awareness (political awareness) of students and be democratic (democratic attitude). AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi untuk mengetahui pengaruh media massa terhadap kesadaran berpolitik siswa. Peran media massa di era globalisasi memberikan peran yang sangat besar dalam memberikan informasi kepada siswa khususnya sebagai pemilih pemula atau berusia 17 tahun. Melalui media, informasi mengenai politik banyak tersebar secara cepat dan meluas. Peran guru PPKn dalam menghadapi pengaruh media massa yaitu dengan adanya pendidikan politik yang diberikan kepada siswa dalam mata pelajaran PPKn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di SMK Negeri 1 Cianjur pengaruh media massa terhadap kesadaran berpolitik siswa sangat besar. Teknologi memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam hal ini media sosial, media cetak dan media elektronik yang di dalamnya banyak memuat informasi dan peran guru PPKn sebagai pendidik dalam memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa sehingga memanfaatkan media massa dengan lebih bijaksana dan bertujuan agar pengetahuan yang diperoleh dapat digunakan dalam lingkungan masyarakat, guna meningkatkan partisipasi siswa khususnya dalam setiap kegiatan-kegiatan politik. Dengan demikian, pengaruh media massa secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran berpolitik (political awareness) siswa dan bersikap demokratis (democratic attitude)

scholarly journals Lexical modal in political languages in America

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Indrie Harthaty
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
American English ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Mass Media

Language in politics is directed towards the achievement of political objectives, that is gaining power or maintaining power. The language of the politicians is aiming to attract the attention of voters which can be seen in various campaign media, such as banners, advertisements, social media, and excerpts from interviews in the mass media. This research is descriptive research. This research describes the choice of words spoken by the political elite in representing their power. The data in this study are Donald Trump's remarks relating to power. The data source in this study is the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The results of this study found that the choice of words used by Donald Trump is the use of sentence structures in the form of modal lexical.

On media censorship, freedom of expression and the risks of journalism in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel González-Quiñones ◽  
Juan D Machin-Mastromatteo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The State ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Media Censorship

We present a classification of the types of censorship of media to frame the various issues that journalism and freedom of expression face in Mexico, which mainly include the role of the State in preventing or enforcing censorship, the monopoly of a few corporate groups that control most of the mass media and dictate fixed editorial lines throughout all of them, the effect of violence on journalism and the issues that are emerging around the freedom of expression in social media.

scholarly journals Situationism and the recuperation of an ideology in the era of Trump, fake news and post-truth politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bleakley
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Advanced Capitalism ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

As a variant ideology based on libertarian Marxism, the philosophy of situationism failed to achieve widespread popularity beyond a relatively brief time frame between the late 1950s and early 1970s. Despite this short-lived period of ascendency, the impact of Situationist concepts such as psychogeography, recuperation and the Spectacle have continued to play a role in the ongoing study of how reality is constructed in a system of advanced capitalism. Situationism’s concern with the perception of reality as shaped by the mass media is of particular significance in the context of contemporary politics that has been dubbed the ‘post-truth era’. The disavowal of the mass media by US President Donald Trump may give the impression of a Situationist approach that rejects the impact of such reality-shaping tools, yet a closer inspection of his actions suggests that Trump himself is responsible for the construction of a neo-Spectacle in which the recuperation of anti-establishment sentiment provides the basis for the reconsolidation of the position held by the capitalist elite within American society.

scholarly journals Viewer, Co‑creator or Artist? Changes in the Mass Media Audience Behaviour under the Influence of Social Media and Big Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Franek
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Media Message ◽  
Media Audience

The article deals with the issue of the influence of the evolution of contemporary mass media on the behaviour of their recipients and creators. Former passive viewers – consumers of content now have an opportunity to become much more closely involved in the media message and become its active co‑creators thanks to various forms of interactive interpersonal communication. The aim of the paper is to analyse the opportunities and threats resulting from these processes, with a particular emphasis on the role of humans in creating and filtering the growing collections of content available in digital mass media.

scholarly journals POSISI DAN PERAN MEDIA DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT

TASAMUH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Husnul Khatimah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Entertainment Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Important Position

Mass media has an important position in people's lives, so mass media is placed as mass communication which acts as a communicator and agent of change, being a pioneer of change in the public environment that can influence audiences through messages such as information, entertainment, education and other messages and accessible to the public at large. As a form of the importance of media can be seen from the influence felt by the public, starting from the cognitive, effective, to conative aspects of the mass media and the negative-positive impact of social media. Even though the position and role of the media are very important, the community must also be careful with media remember that the nature of the media is so flexible. Negative values ​​of the role of the media in Indonesia can occur either from the mass media or social media, so there needs to be attention from each party, both from the media manager to the community itself. The participation of several parties in paying attention to the media is expected to filter out negative things that might occur.

scholarly journals Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Nadarevic ◽  
Rolf Reber ◽  
Anne Josephine Helmecke ◽  
Dilara Köse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Internet Age

Abstract To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors of truth judgments—such as source credibility, repeated information exposure, and presentation format—little is known about their simultaneous effects. In a series of four experiments, we investigated how the abovementioned factors jointly affect the perceived truth of statements (Experiments 1 and 2) and simulated social media postings (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 1 explored the role of source credibility (high vs. low vs. no source information) and presentation format (with vs. without a picture). In Experiments 2 and 3, we additionally manipulated repeated exposure (yes vs. no). Finally, Experiment 4 examined the role of source credibility (high vs. low) and type of repetition (congruent vs. incongruent vs. no repetition) in further detail. In sum, we found no effect of presentation format on truth judgments, but strong, additive effects of source credibility and repetition. Truth judgments were higher for information presented by credible sources than non-credible sources and information without sources. Moreover, congruent (i.e., verbatim) repetition increased perceived truth whereas semantically incongruent repetition decreased perceived truth, irrespectively of the source. Our findings show that people do not rely on a single judgment cue when evaluating a statement’s truth but take source credibility and their meta-cognitive feelings into account.

scholarly journals Understanding Tourist Behavioural Intention When Faced with Smog Pollution: Focus on International Tourists to Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7262
Author(s):  
Wenjia-Jasmine Ruan ◽  
Junjae Lee ◽  
Hakjun Song
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Behavioural Intention ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Media Effect ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
New Variables

This study examines the behavioural intentions of international tourists travelling to Beijing when faced with smog pollution. An extended MGB (model of goal-directed behaviour) was employed as the theoretical framework by integrating mass-media effect and perception of smog. The role of mass-media effect and perception of smog were considered as new variables in the international tourist’s decision-making process for travel to Beijing. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to identify the structural relationships among research variables. Our research results showed a strong correlation between positive anticipated emotion and desire. The mass-media effect is a significant (direct) predictor of both the perception of smog and behavioural intention. The Chinese government could attach great importance to the mass-media effect to reduce the negative impact caused by smog pollution on inbound tourism.

scholarly journals Anti-migrant Islamophobia in Europe. Social roots, mechanisms and actors

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (53) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Fabio Perocco
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mass Media

Abstract During the last two decades of rising anti-migrant racism in Europe, Islamophobia has proven to be the highest, most acute, and widely spread form of racism. The article shows how anti-migrant Islamophobia is a structural phenomenon in European societies and how its internal structure has specific social roots and mechanisms of functioning. Such an articulate and interdependent set of key themes, policies, practices, discourses, and social actors it is intended to inferiorise and marginalise Muslim immigrants while legitimising and reproducing social inequalities affecting the majority of them. The article examines the social origins of anti-migrant Islamophobia and the modes and mechanisms through which it naturalises inequalities; it focuses on the main social actors involved in its production, specifically on the role of some collective subjects as anti-Muslim organizations and movements, far-right parties, best-selling authors, and the mass-media.

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