Diplomatic Law in a New Millennium

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Eu ◽  
New Millennium

The granting of diplomatic asylum to Julian Assange, the dangers faced by diplomats in trouble spots around the world, WikiLeaks and the publication of thousands of embassy cables—situations like these place diplomatic agents and diplomatic law at the very centre of contemporary debate on current affairs. Diplomatic Law in a New Millennium brings together twenty experts to provide insight into some of the most controversial and important matters which characterize modern diplomatic law. They include diplomatic asylum, the treatment (and rights) of domestic staff of diplomatic agents, the inviolability of correspondence, of the diplomatic bag, and of the diplomatic mission, the immunity to be given to members of the diplomatic family, diplomatic duties (including the duty of non-interference), but also the rise of diplomatic actors which are not sent by States (including members of the EU diplomatic service). Diplomatic Law in a New Millennium explores these matters in a critical, yet accessible manner, and is therefore an invaluable resource for practitioners, scholars, and students with an interest in diplomatic relations. Its individual parts deal with the history of diplomatic law, personal and property immunities, diplomatic obligations, and the position of representatives of international organizations, of the EU, and of sub-State entities. The authors of the book include some of the leading authorities on diplomatic law (including a delegate to the 1961 conference which codified modern diplomatic law) as well as serving and former members of the diplomatic corps.

Becoming the World's Biggest Brewer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bertrams ◽  
Julien Del Marmol ◽  
Sander Geerts ◽  
Eline Poelmans
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
National Market ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Global Company ◽  
Insight Into

AB InBev is today’s uncontested world leader of the beer market. It represents over 20 per cent of global beer sales, with more than 450 million hectolitres a year flowing all around the world. Its Belgian predecessor, Interbrew, was a success story stemming from the 1971 secret merger of the country’s two leading brewers: Artois and Piedboeuf. Based on first-hand material originating from company and private archives as well as interviews with managers and key family actors, this is the first study to explore the history of the company through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The story starts in the mid-nineteenth century with the scientific breakthroughs that revolutionized the beer industry and allowed both Artois and Piedboeuf to prosper in a local environment. Instrumental in this respect were the respective families and their successive heirs in stabilizing and developing their firms. Despite the intense difficulties of two world wars in the decades to follow, they emerged stronger than ever and through the 1960s became undisputed leaders in the national market. Then, in an unprecedented move, Artois and Piedboeuf secretly merged their shareholding in 1971, though keeping their operations separate until 1987 when they openly and operationally merged to become Interbrew. Throughout their histories Artois, Piedboeuf, and their successor companies have kept a controlling family ownership. This book provides a unique insight into both the complex history of these three family breweries and their path to becoming a prominent global company, and the growth and consolidation of the beer market through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Western Europe and Scandinavia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Brockliss
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Childhood in western Europe is obviously a vast topic, and this entry will approach it historically and largely chronologically. The study of childhood is still relatively new, and historians have sometimes struggled to construct a history of childhood, with very few firsthand accounts and limited archives. So many children left very few traces of their lives, and historians have had to piece together their history, not from diaries or archives but from court reports, visual representations, and childcare manuals. They have had to struggle to recapture the world of childhood in eras prior to 1800, when sources are especially limited. They, like others interested in childhood studies, have had to address the issue of how to define a child and what childhood is. They have had to contemplate the different historical meanings of the word child prior to 1600 and to resist the temptation to believe that childhood has inevitably improved through the centuries. They have also had to become aware of the dangers of historicizing a phenomenon that has few stable parameters and, in some cultures, may not even exist at all. In several languages there is no word for child; even in English, the word has drastically shifted its meaning over the centuries. These shifts need to be historicized in order to see both the continuities and the discontinuities between the past and the present that suggest that childhood has always been a time of suffering; children have always been the victims of perilous disease, parental neglect, government policy, war, etc. Concurrently, children have also always been the hope of the future, the focus of special love and attention. A historical perspective on European childhoods brings this insight into sharp focus.

Bonds of Trust

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 289-309
Author(s):  
Max Schaefer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

This paper seeks to address whether human life harbours the possibility of a gratuitous or non-reciprocal form of trust. To address this issue, I take up Descartes’ account of the cogito as the essence of all appearing. With his interpretation of Descartes’ account of the cogito as an immanent and affective mode of appearing, I maintain that Henry provides the transcendental foundation for a non-reciprocal form of trust, which the history of Western philosophy has largely covered over by forgetting this aspect of Descartes’ thought. I demonstrate that Heidegger’s reading of Descartes serves as a pre-eminent example of this. Because Heidegger overlooks Descartes’ insight into the essence of appearing, and reduces this essence to the finite transcendence of the world, I maintain that Heidegger reduces trust to reciprocal relations of understanding between beings of shared contexts of significance.

scholarly journals Enhancing and Conservation of Ecosystem through Philatelic Education in Europe: Think Green Concept (I) - Stamp Research Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-78
Author(s):  
Bogdan Cioruța ◽  
Alexandru Leonard Pop ◽  
Mirela Coman
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Ecological Education ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Registered Trademark ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The Common ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
Insight Into

Each year the members of PostEurop issue EUROPA stamps on a common theme. One new twist is that all stamp issuers in the PostEurop area are using the same motif. The 2016 year's theme was the environment. PostNord works actively to take environmental and sustainability responsibilities seriously and have set clear, measurable goals. EUROPA stamps are special stamps issued by European postal administrations and bears the official EUROPA logo, a PostEurop registered trademark under the aegis of PostEurop in which Europe is the central theme. EUROPA stamps underlines cooperation in the posts domain, taking into account promotion of thematic philately. They also build awareness of the common roots, culture and history of Europe and its common goals. As such, EUROPA stamp issues are among the most collected and most popular stamps in the world. Since the first issue in 1956, EUROPA stamps have been a tangible symbol of Europe’s desire for closer integration and cooperation. In 1993, PostEurop became responsible for issuing EUROPA stamps, so each year, philately working group selects the EUROPA stamp theme. “Think green!” was the 2016 theme. EUROPA stamps “Think green!” theme aimed to create awareness and give a wakeup call - its time to protect our environment for the better future of the coming generations, and to contribute to sustainable development. In this paper we propose an insight into the history of Europe preoccupations for nature protection and conservation, to bring into limelight the significant concerns in promoting ecological education via thematic issues (in this case, “Think green!” issues). In this context, for this study only, the main objective is to identify, index and describe the main philatelic pieces issued as EUROPA stamps, from the beginning of issuing in this field, and for the first half of the countries involved in the 2016 PostEurop's contest.

scholarly journals Influence of sanctions on foreign trade of Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Shirokova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
The Eu

After the countries of the EU and the USA introduced sanctions against the Russian Federation in 2014, the topic of influence on the state by other states or international organizations became the focus of attention of both Russian and foreign researchers. For Russian scientists, the topic of sanctions has acquired particular relevance, since they are at the epicenter of both the sanctions and the response measures that followed. The article presents the history of the development of measures of influence on the state by international organizations or other states, the history of studies of the effectiveness of sanctions measures in the entire history of their application is considered. Currently, theRussian Federationis under the sanctions imposed by theUnited Statesand the EU, which, in response to these measures, responded by introducing an import substitution policy. Considering the entire history of the gradual increase in the sanctions list, the state in the field of foreign trade should also detect increasing signs of pressure that would be reflected in indicators of incorporation into world trade. The author makes a hypothesis about the weak impact of sanctions on the state as a whole, and, in particular, on foreign trade. To confirm this hypothesis, the dynamics of the main indicators of foreign trade activity during 2013–2017 is considered. and a change in the commodity structure of exports and imports. The study is based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service, using methods of economic and statistical analysis and comparison of indicators, which allowed to show the degree of impact of sanctions on the main indicators of foreign economic activity. Following the consideration of official statistics, expert opinions on the implementation of planned indicators of the import substitution policy, it is possible to confirm the hypothesis of the weak effect of sanctions on foreign trade.

scholarly journals Sufis, Salafis, and Islamists

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Muneeza Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamist Movement ◽  
Traditional Islam ◽  
Rich History ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Islamic Activism

In Sufis, Salafis, and Islamists: The Contested Ground of British Islamic Activism, Sadek Hamid provides a rich history of nearly four decades of Muslim organizing in Britain. Replete with careful typologies and periodizations, the work reflects the author’s intimate grounding in the world of British Islam, and provides a unique insight into the challenges and successes of four trends he describes as the “reformist Islamist Young Muslims UK (YM), the Salafi-oriented JIMAS (Jamiyyah Ihya’ Minhaj as Sunnah)...the radical pan-Islamist movement Hizb ut-Tahrir, and the neo-Sufi Traditional Islam Network”.

scholarly journals National education theory journal “Art and Education”: 20th anniversary

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
V. V. Rahozina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Art Education ◽  
National Education ◽  
Aesthetic Development ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
20Th Anniversary ◽  
Insight Into

We present the national education theory journal “Art and Education”. The journal publishes materials on problems of the theory and history of art education, of the theory and methodology of education, and on methods of instruction in music, fine art and visual culture. We emphasize the uniqueness of this artisticpedagogical record, the only Ukrainian journal on art education, artistic and aesthetic development, one in which Ukrainian and foreign scientists and practical educators provide insight into the achievements of the pedagogy of art and the experience of art education in Ukraine and other countries of the world. We trace the stages of the journal’s development since its establishment and articulate its achievements over its 20-year existence.

Early Childhood

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda MacNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
Informal Settings ◽  
Early Childhood Institutions ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Over Time

Early childhood is the period of childhood between birth and eight years of age. While the provision of targeted educational and care programs to meet the specific and particular needs of children in their early childhood years has a long history in many countries, there is considerable contemporary debate about what the nature of those programs should be and how they are best funded and evaluated. In this bibliography there is a brief overview of the history of early childhood education and care internationally, pointing to the differences in philosophies and practices that have grown over time in different parts of the world. However, the prime focus is on contemporary influences and debates in policies and their intents, and curriculum philosophies and practices in the provision of education and care for children in their early childhood years. With increasing investment in such education and care, there is increasing debate in several disciplines about how best to conceptualize and build practices that address children’s developing capacities at this age, to ensure that their rights are acknowledged and enacted, and to take account of issues of equity and fairness that shape the lives of young children. These concerns are linked with an increasing interest in the relationships between parents and early childhood institutions and spaces, how early childhood institutions and informal settings connect with the formal years of schooling, and how specific policies that address the needs and capacities of children in their early childhood years are produced that are relevant in diverse contexts, especially in non-Western contexts.

Psychotherapy and Christianity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1286-1296
Author(s):  
Jeremy Lim ◽  
Ke Hui Chuah
Keyword(s):  
International Literature ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Population ◽  
The Church ◽  
Sabah And Sarawak ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Christian Beliefs

Christianity is counted as one of the biggest religious groups in the world, numbering at over 2 billion individuals who identify themselves with this religion. As of the 2010 census, the Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal reported that an estimated 9.2% of the population in Malaysia identified themselves as Christians. In numerical terms, this equates to approximately 3 million individuals spread out all over the Malaysian peninsular as well as Sabah and Sarawak who consider themselves part of the Christian church. This chapter intends to do four things: 1) provide a brief history of the church and Christianity, 2) acquaint the reader with basic Christian beliefs, 3) provide insight into the methods and challenges of working with the population in Malaysia drawing from both local as well as international literature, and 4) provide the implications of the methods and challenges of working with the Christian population.

Is Romania Ready for Nation-Wide Public e-Services?

2012 ◽  
pp. 1580-1595
Author(s):  
Virgil Stoica ◽  
Andrei Ilas
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

In 2009, the Romanian Government engaged itself to the ambitious goal of providing most of the traditional administration services through electronic means. The authors’ larger aim is to assess the policy’s chances of success by looking both at the history and the current level of e-development in Romania. While most of governments’ actions are incremental, only marginally modifying existing programs or practices, the e-government policies around the world do not necessarily fall within this model. However, even the miraculous advancements depend on specific realities. Based on the relevant literature, the authors consider the way towards the success of a nation-wide e-government public policy as being paved by several major pre-requisites: educated citizenry, adequate technical infrastructures, offering of e-services that citizens need, commitment from top government officials, and membership in international organizations supporting e-government development. Results stress the importance of the EU membership and the disequilibrium between the level of Romanians’ e-knowledge and that of governmental e-services. The chapter concludes that in the case of Romania, a successful e-government policy should primarily target the raise of citizens’ Internet and computer related skills.

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