Trust and Distrust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Knights
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Long Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Readership ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Do So

The book offers the first overview of Britain’s history of corruption in office in the pre-modern era, 1600–1850. As such, it is intended to appeal to historians but also to political and social scientists, whose work is extensively cited in an expansive and evaluative bibliography. Another distinctive feature of the book is the interaction of the domestic and imperial stories of corruption in office—a key argument is that these were intertwined and related. Linking corruption in office to the domestic and imperial state has not been attempted before, and the book makes extensive use of material relating to the East India Company as well as other colonial officials in the Atlantic world and elsewhere in Britain’s emerging empire. Both ‘corruption’ and ‘office’ were evolving concepts during the period 1600–1850 and underwent very significant but protracted change which the book charts and seeks to explain. To do so, the book makes innovative use of the concept of trust, which helped to shape office in ways that underlined principles of selflessness, disinterestedness, integrity, and accountability of officials. The reader’s report suggested that ‘no historian of this long period can afford to ignore the book, and it will certainly appeal to a large readership not only among historians of Britain and its empire but among political scientists more generally’. There is a brief concluding section highlighting policy implications.

Report Analysis: The Impact of Head Start

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Smith ◽  
Joan Bissell
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
History Of ◽  
Report Analysis ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The Westinghouse-Ohio national evaluation of Head Start evoked criticism from both social scientists and statisticians when it was issued last Spring. The authors present a history of Head Start and of the national evaluation. They raise serious questions about the sampling procedures used in the study, and they present the results of a re-analysis which suggest that some full-year Head Start centers were effective, particularly those with black children in urban areas. Policy implications discussed by the authors focus on the relationship between program evaluation and public policy.

An Outline History of Korean Confucianism: Part I: The Early Period and Yi Factionalism

1958 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Key P. Yang ◽  
Gregory Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Korean History ◽  
Long Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

The Confucian system of thought, society, and government has a long JL history in Korea. Knowledge of some of its forms can be traced in the earliest days of our real knowledge of the peninsula. For many centuries, its influence on Korea was continuous but not pervasive. With the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, however, its influence on government and society began to be decisive and, especially from the sixteenth century on, it dominated almost completely the thought and philosophy of the peninsula, continuing to do so until the opening of the present century. So closely were Confucianism and Korea intertwined during this latter long period, that Korean history cannot be understood without Confucianism while the study of Confucianism itself will be greatly enriched by resort to its Korean experience.

Research integrity and the law that never was

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Martin Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Research Integrity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Look Back ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Transparency ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Modern Era

Evidence-based medicine is arguably among the most important innovations of the modern era, but publication bias and inadequate research transparency are serious issues affecting the very foundation of evidence-based practice. Despite this truth, these crucial issues have gone largely unaddressed or inadequately addressed for a distressingly long period of time. Regulatory efforts have thus far proven insufficient in eliminating these issues. Fortunately, the last 5 years in particular have seen developments that one hopes will contribute to the eradication of these issues and a future where we can look back on these issues as a sordid story of our past. However, much like the purported fixes of the past, time will be the final arbiter of the efficacy of remedial measures currently underway. This article chronicles the history of these issues, failed attempts to fix these issues, and what can be and is being done with the hope of bringing about true resolution.

Some Notes on Indian Railway Securities.

1911 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Ernest W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
East India Company ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian Railway ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

In considering Indian Railway Securities as investments it is advisable to have a knowledge of the history of the railways. The first lines to be built in India were constructed by Companies on land supplied free by the East India Company, who also guaranteed that a certain rate of interest should be paid each year on the capital expended with their approval. This arrangement was made with the idea of attracting Companies to build lines, and in return the East India Company had the right to exercise a certain amount of supervision and control and also had certain options of purchase. When in a position to do so, the Companies repaid each year, to the extent of one half the excess net earnings in that year, any amounts paid by the East India Company under the guarantee arrangements.

scholarly journals "Introduction: Debating Corruption and Anticorruption in History, "in Anticorruption in History: Antiquity to the Modern Era (Oxford University Press, 2017), 1-17

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B.R. Kroeze ◽  
André Miguel de Cunha Vitória ◽  
Guy Geltner
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

The introduction to this volume focuses on historiography, methodology and conclusions. It explains how anticorruption has seldom been treated as a historical subject except as the occasional counterpart of corruption; instead, policy makers and social scientists have linked anticorruption and good government to the historical development of democracy and Weberian-style bureaucracy, all emblematic aspects of countries consistently ranked among the least corrupt in the world. This hypothesis has struck most historians involved in this volume as either circular or at least teleological. In response, they have sought to show that efforts to control corruption are not an exclusively Western-European or modern phenomenon; rather, the history of anticorruption is far more complex and diverse. In addition, they also outline how anticorruption is an inherently political issue, related to changing power relations and acute political crises, and that fighting corruption is historically difficult to evaluate in terms of success or failure.

THE COLONIAL SYSTEM OF POWER IN TURKISTAN

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-262
Author(s):  
Nadira A. Abdurakhimova
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

The history of Turkistan in the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century has repeatedly attracted the attention of social scientists. It is widely recognized that the tendency of most Soviet authors was to consider this history under the rubric of “the progressive consequences of annexation to Russia,” at a time when the main historiographical trend was to investigate the history of revolutions, movements of the working class and peasants, riots among the people, and national-liberation movements. Under the same rubric, during a rather long period until the end of the 1980s, many problems of local Turkistan society were written about. As a result of this approach, some questions remained unasked—questions that challenged the officially mandated proposition that “despite tsarist colonialism, the annexation of non-Russian peoples to Russia was a progressive reality.” In particular, one of these questions has to do with the history of the state that governed the territory of Turkistan in the colonial and post-colonial periods.

Philosophic Pride

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

This is the first full-scale look at the essential place of Stoicism in the foundations of modern political thought. Spanning the period from Justus Lipsius's Politics in 1589 to Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Emile in 1762, and concentrating on arguments originating from England, France, and the Netherlands, the book considers how political writers of the period engaged with the ideas of the Roman and Greek Stoics that they found in works by Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. The book examines key texts in their historical context, paying special attention to the history of classical scholarship and the historiography of philosophy. The book delves into the persisting tension between Stoicism and the tradition of Augustinian anti-Stoic criticism, which held Stoicism to be a philosophy for the proud who denied their fallen condition. Concentrating on arguments in moral psychology surrounding the foundations of human sociability and self-love, the book details how the engagement with Roman Stoicism shaped early modern political philosophy and offers significant new interpretations of Lipsius and Rousseau together with fresh perspectives on the political thought of Hugo Grotius and Thomas Hobbes. The book shows how the legacy of the Stoics played a vital role in European intellectual life in the early modern era.

Home, Sweet Home: Negotiating Intimacy in Brazilian Elitist Closed Condominiums

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 374-395
Author(s):  
Rafael Ignacio Estrada Mejia ◽  
Carla Guerrón Guerron Montero
Keyword(s):  
Collective Mode ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collective Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This article aims to decrease the cultural invisibility of the wealthy by exploring the Brazilian emergent elites and their preferred living arrangement: elitist closed condominiums (BECCs) from a micropolitical perspective.  We answer the question: What is the relationship between intimacy and subjectivity that is produced in the collective mode of existence of BECCs? To do so, we trace the history of the elite home, from the master’s house (casa grande) to contemporary closed condominiums. Following, we discuss the features of closed condominiums as spaces of segregation, fragmentation and social distinction, characterized by minimal public life and an internalized sociability. Finally, based on ethnographic research conducted in the mid-size city of Londrina (state of Paraná) between 2015 and 2017, we concentrate on four members of the emergent elite who live in BECCs, addressing their collective production of subjectivity. 

Features of Development of the Black Sea Village in 1920s: Materials from the Black Sea Party Obkom Fond in the Documentation Center for Contemporary History of the Krasnodar Krai

2018 ◽  
pp. 1128-1136
Author(s):  
Olga V. Bershadskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
History Of

The article studies features of socio-economic and socio-political development of the Black Sea village in 1920s. Documents from the fond of the Black Sea District Committee (Obkom) of the RCP (b) -VKP (b) stored in the Center for Documentation of the Modern History of the Krasnodar Krai allow not only to reconstruct the developments in the Black Sea village in the NEP days, but also to understand the nature of its evolution. Uniqueness of the Black Sea village was greatly determined by its geographical environment. There had formed a sectoral makeup of agricultural production: fruit-farming, viticulture, tobacco growing. Rugged relief forced peasants to form holdings or farms; therefore rural communities were rare. Its another distinctive feature was its motley national composition. Over 50 ethnic groups inhabited the district, among most numerous were the Russians, the Ukrainians, the Armenians, and the Greeks. In the first years of the NEP, the main tasks facing district authorities were to develop ‘high-intensity’ industries and to shape local peasant farms into food base for cities and resorts. While tackling these tasks, they had to deal with shortages of land and poor communications and to bring lease relations and work-hands employment up to scratch. The situation was complicated by socio-political inertia of rural population of the district that came from the absence of community tradition. Study of the documents from the fond of the Black Sea party obkom shows that local authorities were well aware of the peculiarity of their region, but in most cases had to follow guidelines set ‘from above’ to introduce all-Russian standards.

The Fall of Tripoli in 1289 in the Perception of Christian Communities of the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
К.А. Панченко
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Religious Polemics

Abstract The article examines the conquest of the County of Tripoli by the Mamelukes in 1289, and the reaction of various Middle Eastern ethnoreligious groups to this event. Along with the Monophysite perspective (the Syriac chronicle of Bar Hebraeus’ Continuator and the work of the Coptic historian Mufaddal ibn Abi-l-Fadail), and the propagandist texts of Muslim Arabic panegyric poets, we will pay special attention to the historical memory of the Orthodox (Melkite) and Maronite communities of northern Lebanon. The contemporary of these events — the Orthodox author Suleiman al-Ashluhi, a native of one of the villages of the Akkar Plateau — laments the fall of Tripoli in his rhymed eulogy. It is noteworthy that this author belongs to the rural Melkite subculture, which — in spite of its conservative character — was capable of producing original literature. Suleiman al-Ashluhi’s work was forsaken by the following generations of Melkites; his poem was only preserved in Maronite manuscripts. Maronite historical memory is just as fragmented. The father of the Modern Era Maronite historiography — Gabriel ibn al-Qilaʿî († 1516) only had fragmentary information on the history of his people in the 13th century: local chronicles and the heroic epos that glorified the Maronite struggle against the Muslim lords that tried to conquer Mount Lebanon. Gabriel’s depiction of the past is not only biased and subject to aims of religious polemics, but also factually inaccurate. Nevertheless, the texts of Suleiman al-Ashluhi and Gabriel ibn al-Qilaʿî give us the opportunity to draw conclusions on the worldview, educational level, political orientation and peculiar traits of the historical memory of various Christian communities of Mount Lebanon.

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