Drivers and Issues of China–EU Negotiations for a Comprehensive Agreement on Investment

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-193
Author(s):  
Flavia Marisi ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fair And Equitable Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
Equitable Treatment ◽  
Core Issues

Although the China–EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI), currently under negotiation, covers only bilateral investments, it may clear the path for a potential free trade agreement between the parties. Its relevance goes beyond the purely economic and legal impact, owing to the central importance that these two regions have both economically and strategically in their wider neighbourhood and worldwide, often in competition with the interests of other world powers. In particular, the chapter identifies the provisions of fair and equitable treatment (FET), taxation, and transparency as the core issues in the negotiation process, and highlights both their features and relevance. The latter can be inferred from the frequency of alleged breaches in investor–state cases, and therefore it is on these issues that the legal discussion of the greater part of arbitration cases focuses. It is of essence that China and the EU carefully design all the clauses in the CAI, concluding a treaty able to foster investments in both directions and satisfy the parties’ interests, both as home states of investors and as host states. With these features, the CAI has full potential to serve as a role model for the rest of the world.

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dov Waxman
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
News Headlines ◽  
Answer Format ◽  
Over Time

No conflict in the world has lasted as long, generated as many news headlines, or incited as much controversy as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Yet, despite, or perhaps because of, the degree of international attention it receives, the conflict is still widely misunderstood. While Israelis and Palestinians and their respective supporters trade accusations, many outside observers remain confused by the conflict's complexity and perplexed by the passion it arouses. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: What Everyone Needs to Know® offers an even-handed and judicious guide to the world's most intractable dispute. Rather than presenting a traditional, narrative history, this book employs an accessible question-and-answer format. Writing in an engaging, jargon-free style, Dov Waxman, a leading expert on the Middle East, provides clear and concise answers to common questions, from the most basic to the most contentious. Covering the conflict from its nineteenth-century origins to the latest developments of the twenty-first century, this book explains the key events, examines the core issues, and presents the competing claims and narratives of both sides. Readers will learn what the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is all about, how it has evolved over time, and why it continues to defy diplomatic efforts at a resolution.

scholarly journals Behavioral Analysis in International Business Negotiations Based on the Bargaining Model of Game Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Restriction Factors ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cooperative Relationship ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Political Game

In the process of global digital trade rules negotiation, game and cooperation coexist, and all parties are actively seeking cooperative relationship while negotiating game. Against this background, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the negotiation process of global digital trade rules and analyzes the core issues of the negotiations and their implied political game. This paper firstly compares the core issues of global digital trade rules negotiations at multilateral and regional levels and quantitatively reflects the weighting relationship between core issues and keywords by means of a dynamic thematic model. In order to judge the potential partnership of each country, this paper constructs a theoretical model of partner selection for global digital trade rules negotiation from the perspective of political game and uses the data of 62 major digital trade countries for empirical testing. Compared with traditional trade agreements, the consensus reached in digital trade negotiations is less influenced by traditional economic geography factors and more influenced by the level of digital trade restrictions and political distance. When signing digital trade terms, a country tends to choose countries with similar levels of digital trade restrictions and high political similarity as partners. Financial restrictions and trade restrictions are the most important digital trade restriction factors that countries pay attention to when negotiating, and political stability is the most important political factor that countries pay attention to when negotiating. Compared with developed countries, developing countries pay more attention to market size, cultural differences, and digital infrastructure when negotiating. The formulation of global digital trade rules may follow a reconstructive path from bilateral to regional to multilateral, promoting regional digital trade rule systems at this stage and gradually expanding the scope of negotiations to the multilateral level.

Introduction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Richardson ◽  
Claudia Gorbman
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Independent Film ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current State ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
New Research ◽  
Core Issues

This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This introduction frames the book by providing an overview of its authors' work and theorizing new audiovisual aesthetics.1 The first section reviews the current state of research on audiovisuality; it considers how the audiovisual landscape has changed and how new research might respond to these changes. The section attends closely to boundaries, as some of the most fundamental changes are occurring between or at the margins of conventional forms and categories. Immersion, participation, and sensory enrichment are among the core issues discussed in this section. The second section illuminates these observations via two case studies, on audiovisuality in the London 2012 Olympic Games and on the Chinese independent filmThe World. The final section describes fifteen key areas in which research on the audiovisual is currently being pursued.

Platform Work and Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zachary Kilhoffer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Core Issues

Platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, and Upwork have disrupted labor markets around the world. These platforms vary enormously in form and function, but generally contain three parts: digital platforms, which set the rules and intermediate communication and transactions between the other two parts, consumers and platform workers. Platform work is a diverse type of labor that developed around these platforms, and it has great potential to increase citizen participation. However, it is under intense scrutiny in light of widely publicized protests and court cases. This report attempts to disentangle the rhetoric surrounding platform work by discussing its emergence and conceptualization, key challenges, and how it may increase participation in the socio-economic sphere. The conclusion discusses how most policy proposals to regulate platform work fail to address the core issues, while potentially stifling innovative practices. Instead, the author suggests more tailored and proportionate regulatory responses.

scholarly journals What is Really Happening with Global Inequality?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur S. Alderson ◽  
Roshan K. Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
World Income ◽  
Core Issues

We use the latest available data from the World Income Inequality Database 3.4 and the Penn World Tables 9.0 to examine some of the core issues and concerns that have animated research on global inequality. We begin by reviewing the evidence on trends in within-country inequality, drawing out some of the implications of this for our thinking about inequality and economic development. We examine between-country inequality, computing updated estimates of trends in both unweighted and population-weighted between-country inequality. The data reveal that inequality between countries increased across the latter half of the twentieth century, then turned to decline measurably thereafter. We show that this decline is robust to a range of methodological and measurement decisions identified as important in previous research. We then examine estimates of true global inequality, situating these in relation to lower- and upper-bound estimates of global inequality. We conclude by noting the critical and contested role of globalization in inequality reduction.

scholarly journals Is the Trans-Pacific Partnership's Investment Chapter the new "Gold Standard"?

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
José E Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
The North ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
Fair And Equitable Treatment ◽  
Equitable Treatment

The Trans-Pacific Partnership's Investment Chapter, and particularly its inclusion of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), has been the focus of considerable criticism both in the United States and New Zealand. Despite huge differences between these two potential TPP partners, the anticipated economic and political benefits offered by the pact – but also the threats to democracy posed – have been expressed in similar ways by distinct stakeholders in both countries. This essay describes how this chapter is the culmination of reforms to United States investment protection treaties that began with the investment chapter of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994 and that are now evident in the latest United States Model Bilateral Investment Treaty (of 2012). The TPP's Investment Chapter borrows heavily from prior United States efforts to narrow investor rights (as with respect to fair and equitable treatment), expand sovereign policy space, and incorporate certain rule of law reforms. For its critics, the pact falls far short of achieving a new "gold standard" precisely because it merely reforms – but does not abandon – ISDS for its enforcement.Editor's note: The text of this article was originally accepted for publication in March 2016. Recent statements by President-elect Donald Trump indicate that the United States will likely withdraw from further participation in the Trans Pacific Partnership and refrain from ratifying the agreed text. Without the United States' ratification, the agreement will not come into force. Despite this apparent ending to the Trans Pacific Partnership, the editors consider that Professor Alvarez's article remains an extremely useful analysis of investment provisions that may well serve as a model for the negotiation of such provisions in other mega-regional trade agreements in the future.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Rise of Right-Wing Nationalism and Its Impact on US Foreign Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Mohammad A, Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Right

The new regime after the 2016 General Election and its advisors are working to establish a white nationalist government in the United States. If their efforts are fruitful, the US and the world as a whole face an unpredictable future. However, a small degree of optimism exists as the process of regime transformation is in its formative phase and the consequences are yet to become apparent. Comprehending the foundation of this precarious course can contribute to the formulation of measures that can facilitate resistance to it, and promote the path to a progressive future. It is widely acknowledged that the rise of right-wing nationalism is not restricted in the US alone. Instead, nations such as Britain, Poland, and Russia have seen an emergence of politics centered on Conservative populism. The core premises of these Right-Wing movements underscore the importance of patriotism, take advantage of the public’s reservations about minority races and denominations. Additionally, White nationalists are convinced that they can resolve existing economic challenges.This paper focuses on how Right-wing nationalists infiltrated mainstream American politics to facilitate the election of an individual who subscribes to their principles in Donald Trump. In this case, the essay details the core factors that contributed to the rise of Conservative nationalists in the country. Furthermore, the essay assesses how Trump's White nationalist background is influencing his and the US' foreign policy. In this context, the paper explores Donald Trump’s behavior on the international stage and his interactions with other world leaders. The paper concludes that Trump’s White nationalist agenda is focused on altering the US foreign policy such that it promotes the Right-wing populism in Europe and supports despots in other parts of the world who can enter bilateral agreements that seek to advance US interests abroad.

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