scholarly journals Evolución del perfil sectorial del comercio exterior en la provincia de León, 1995-2014 = Foreign trade sector evolution in the province of León 1995-2014

2014 ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
José Luis Placer Galán
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Full Period ◽  
The One

<p>El notable crecimiento del comercio exterior de España en las últimas décadas también se ha producido en una economía tan orientada al mercado interior como la de la provincia de León. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: averiguar la evolución del peso del comercio exterior en el conjunto de la actividad productiva leonesa, y el perfil sectorial de sus flujos comerciales durante el período 1995-2014.<br />El análisis realizado permite señalar que en los últimos veinte años la actividad productiva orientada a los mercados internacionales se ha duplicado, especialmente en los últimos cinco años. Por otra parte,  el perfil sectorial exportador ha variado notablemente pasando de ser mayoritariamente de productos químico-farmacéuticos y extractivos  a serlo actualmente de bienes de equipo eléctricos y de manufacturas metálicas. Sin embargo, las importaciones, que tienen un mayor grado de diversificación que las exportaciones, han mantenido un perfil sectorial similar en todo el período, concentrado en legumbres y, en menor medida, en bienes de equipo eléctricos y de manufacturas metálicas.</p><p>In the last decades foreign trade has experienced a significant growth both in Spain and Leon economies, whereas the latter has always been characterized by a strong focus on domestic trade. The goal of this paper is dual: find out the evolution of foreign trade importance within the whole productive activity in Leon and sector profile of its trade flows during the period from 1995 to 2014.<br />On the one hand, the analysis carried out highlights that productive activities focused on foreign trade have doubled in the last twenty years, especially in the recent five. On the other hand, export sectors have changed mainly, from exporting pharmaceutical chemistry products and extractors to currently exporting electrical equipment and metal assembly. However, import sectors that are more diversified than export, have maintained a similar sector profile during the full period analysed. Import sectors in Leon are mainly focused on legumes and in a smaller proportion on electrical appliance equipment and metal assembly.</p>

scholarly journals Evolución del perfil sectorial del comercio exterior en la provincia de León, 1995-2014 = Foreign trade sector evolution in the province of León 1995-2014

2014 ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
José Luis Placer Galán
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Full Period ◽  
The One

<p>El notable crecimiento del comercio exterior de España en las últimas décadas también se ha producido en una economía tan orientada al mercado interior como la de la provincia de León. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: averiguar la evolución del peso del comercio exterior en el conjunto de la actividad productiva leonesa, y el perfil sectorial de sus flujos comerciales durante el período 1995-2014.<br />El análisis realizado permite señalar que en los últimos veinte años la actividad productiva orientada a los mercados internacionales se ha duplicado, especialmente en los últimos cinco años. Por otra parte,  el perfil sectorial exportador ha variado notablemente pasando de ser mayoritariamente de productos químico-farmacéuticos y extractivos  a serlo actualmente de bienes de equipo eléctricos y de manufacturas metálicas. Sin embargo, las importaciones, que tienen un mayor grado de diversificación que las exportaciones, han mantenido un perfil sectorial similar en todo el período, concentrado en legumbres y, en menor medida, en bienes de equipo eléctricos y de manufacturas metálicas.</p><p>In the last decades foreign trade has experienced a significant growth both in Spain and Leon economies, whereas the latter has always been characterized by a strong focus on domestic trade. The goal of this paper is dual: find out the evolution of foreign trade importance within the whole productive activity in Leon and sector profile of its trade flows during the period from 1995 to 2014.<br />On the one hand, the analysis carried out highlights that productive activities focused on foreign trade have doubled in the last twenty years, especially in the recent five. On the other hand, export sectors have changed mainly, from exporting pharmaceutical chemistry products and extractors to currently exporting electrical equipment and metal assembly. However, import sectors that are more diversified than export, have maintained a similar sector profile during the full period analysed. Import sectors in Leon are mainly focused on legumes and in a smaller proportion on electrical appliance equipment and metal assembly.</p>

Long-run Tendencies in Foreign Trade: With a Statistical Study of French Trade Structure 1871–1939

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Sylvain Weiller
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complete Disruption ◽  
The One ◽  
Structural Point

Economists who have studied the evolution of trade transactions between the two world wars have often stressed the existence of an obvious paradox: despite the disturbances brought about by the war period, the territorial changes, the monetary difficulties and the crises, international trade as a whole and particularly from a structural point of view, had a tendency, after a few years of complete disruption, to return to a pre-war pattern of evolution. Trade flows were returning to a distribution very similar to the one prevailing in 1913, and changes were occurring in the same direction as those of the 1896–1913 period. Certain countries endured great difficulties in the readaptation process, especially the United Kingdom, whose “structural crises” have often been cited. But the very changes that were sources of anxiety for English rulers were less a result of the transformation or the acceleration of pre-war tendencies than of their continuity.

scholarly journals Effect of bank financing on exports and imports of reciprocal commodities in Sudan: أثر التمويل المصرفي علي صادرات وواردات السلع المنظورة في السودان

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sondos Atef Jalal Saleh - Emad Sulaiman Sharif Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Bank Financing ◽  
Export Subsidies ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This empirical study aims to highlight the relationship between exports and imports on the one hand and the financing of foreign trade in Sudan. If we ignore the meteorologic and the political factors and international economic variability, It is supposed that This relationship is  positive so the increase of the bank financing size leads to an increase in the volume of foreign trade.And to prove it, we have adopted and analytical and deductive approach applied to a sample of economic and  banking data from 2004 to 2012.The results showed that there is a continuous increase in the volume of exports in line with the increase in financing granted for exports. However, there is a fluctuation in the imports financing which was accompanied by a fluctuation in the volume of imports. The study recommended more attention to the export subsidies in addition to the continuous and systematic support to the imports.

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of Development of the International Market of Transport Services

2020 ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Dubytskyi ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Bodak ◽  
Nadiya Kuts ◽  
Yuri Bulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
International Market ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
The One ◽  
Further Development

The current situation in the world economy is characterized by varying degrees of development of national economies and their openness to participate in international economic relations, the saturation of trade flows at different stages of cooperation between countries, increasing passenger flows, on the one hand, and insufficient economic development. base, a small number of modern studies of the methodological basis for the functioning of the transport and logistics complex in modern science, on the other hand, cause an objective need for mentioned places, the role and importance of transport services as an important economic category. The structural shifts that determine the movement of world production and international trade are largely determined by the transformations taking place in the world transport complex. No foreign trade operation can be imagined without the participation of transport, in any case, the goods must be delivered from seller to buyer. Transport service - a service for the performance of the contract of carriage of people and goods. In the implementation of foreign trade, road transport has certain advantages over other modes of transport: maneuverability, delivery of goods "door to door"; urgency and regularity of delivery; delivery can be organized according to the system "just in time" (exactly on time); packaging (required in smaller quantities or not required at all). This article examines the trends and prospects for the development of the international market of transport services. The question of the current state of the freight market is stated. The main problems of the international market of transport services are clarified. The factors influencing the further development of the market of transport services are determined. Substantiated tasks in the field of international agreements in the field of road transport. The study allows us to consider and analyze important areas of innovative development and application of modern technologies in the field of transport. Prospects for further development of freight transportation are considered and generalized.

TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN US, CANADA AND MEXICO IN THE CONTEXT OF NAFTA AND USMCA AGREEMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 583-614
Author(s):  
Nadiia KRYVENKO
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa

The development of the USA, Canada and Mexico is studied taking into account the signing of the new USMCA Agreement, and some differences from the previous NAFTA are presented in accordance with modern challenges. The foreign trade of the association and its separate member states is analysed, their shares in the general trade are determined, and basic indicators of international trade are calculated. The main directions of trade flows and the importance of partner countries with regards to each other are identified. Exports are analysed taking into account the periods before and after the conclusion of the Agreement, while changes of intra-regional trade between the partner countries are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the study of foreign trade in agricultural products. Its share in total trade in goods is defined, the basic indicators are analysed, features concerning directions are determined. Trade trends taking into account North-South integration are considered, and the corresponding features are revealed. The importance of the agricultural sector in the new USMCA Agreement is presented as a result of the consideration of trade policy for agricultural products. It is proposed to take into account certain provisions of USMCA when concluding regional trade agreements of Ukraine in the future, as well as the possible impact on trade with Ukraine.

Part II The New EU Prospectus Rules, 12 The Summary and Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Have Robert ten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Member States ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
The One

This chapter addresses the prospectus summary and risk factors. Based on the aim of the new Prospectus Regulation to further harmonize prospectuses across Member States, the new format for the summary is highly prescriptive and standardized, with a strong focus on accessibility. The summary format includes the entitlement of the sub-sections in the form of questions. A separate Commission delegated regulation contains regulatory technical standards to specify the content and format of presentation of the key financial information to be included in the summary. From an issuer's perspective, when drawing up the prospectus, there may be a tension between on the one hand the (new) requirement that the summary shall be ‘accurate, fair and not misleading’, and on the other that the summary needs to be ‘concise’ and is bound to a maximum length. In addition, the new Prospectus Regulation applies an overall cap of 15 for the number of risk factors that may be included in the summary. In view of the maximum length requirement and the capped number of risk factors, issuers and their advisers will need to make choices as to what to include or not include in the summary, which may bring concerns about ensuing liability.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing Professional Commitment-Based School Strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Jan Merok Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Professional Commitment ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
The One ◽  
Process Level

Core values inherent in the Finnish comprehensive education system can in many respects be interpreted to cluster and cohere around a Bildung discourse, which is paradoxically seen against the backdrop of the system’s stable high rank in PISA, the hallmark of an outcome discourse. Yet the point is that within the frames of a Bildung discourse, the themes in focus for curricula go beyond basic skills with a similarly strong focus on societal values and culture. At the process level, Finland is more deeply and strongly infused with a policy culture that is more compatible with the Bildung tradition than the Anglo-Saxon outcome discourse—with its core values of organizing and leading for relations and teaching. As noted by Finnish scholars, such cultural traits of the Finnish system are viable and can be interpreted as associated with institutional path dependency, anchored in longstanding agrarian and social-democratic values. The current paper interprets these cultural traits also as manifest at the local level around a school strategy model close to the one characterized as a professional commitment strategy in the early 1990s by the American scholars Susan Rosenholtz and Brian Rowan. The purpose of the paper, however, is to advance this theoretical understanding a step further towards a conceptual model of commitment-based school strategy. This paper is, thus, a pure conceptual piece. To elaborate the early insights from the 1990s further, a case drawn from Helsinki primary school is used as an empirical illustration.

scholarly journals Triangulation Applied to the Intra-European Union Tomato Market

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jaime De Pablo Valenciano ◽  
José Antonio Torres Arriaza ◽  
Juan Uribe-Toril ◽  
José Luis Ruiz-Real
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Fresh Tomato ◽  
Interdependent Relationships

An understanding of the intracommunity trade is essential for the agents involved in the fresh tomato market (farmers, entrepreneurs, public administrations, and consumers). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the interdependent relationships between exporting and importing countries within the European Union for a specific product such as fresh tomatoes and thus understand which have been the key countries in three specific years (2002–2007–2017). The methodology used to study the interrelationships of trade flows in the countries of the European Union (EU) is that of triangulation by means of the Leontief input-output model. Artificial intelligence techniques are used to process and triangulate the data based on pathfinding techniques using a cost function. The triangulation results have created a hierarchy of countries (suppliers and customers). This type of methodology has not been applied to the field of foreign trade. The results show that Netherlands and Spain are key countries in intracommunity trade as they have a strong impact both with regard to their exports and their imports and are fundamental when analyzing the growth of specific sectors and how they are able to stimulate the economies of other countries.

New Perspectives on Rosa Luxemburg’s Critique of Global Capitalism

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hudis
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Dynamic ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe global economic-financial downturn has given new impetus to a re-examination of Rosa Luxemburg’s writings on capitalist accumulation and economic crisis, which pinpointed the central contradiction of capitalism in its drive for global expansion. In this article I critically engage Luxemburg’s theory of capital accumulation and crisis by evaluating it in comparison with the central categories of Volumes One and Two of Marx’sCapitalon the one hand, and the quest for an alternative to capitalism in the twenty-first century on the other. I argue that Marx’s procedure in Volume Two ofCapital, in which he abstracts from realization crises and foreign trade in order to discern the “law of motion” of capital freed from secondary and tertiary considerations, captures the internal dynamic of capitalist development and crises far better than its Keynesian and neo-Keynesian alternatives.

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