History is a Palimpsest 2

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-93
Author(s):  
Claudia Nelson ◽  
Anne Morey
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Over Time

This chapter explores a further set of palimpsestic texts, E. Nesbit’s fantasy The Enchanted Castle (1907) and five historical novels: Caroline Dale Snedeker’s Theras and His Town (1924), The Forgotten Daughter (1933), and The White Isle (1940); Elizabeth George Speare’s The Bronze Bow (1961); and Rosemary Sutcliff’s The Eagle of the Ninth (1954). It is argued that these texts emphasize family as a mechanism for representing both disparate experiences between parents and children and continuity over time, in keeping with the topological resources of the palimpsest figure. Palimpsestic texts are fundamentally about a maturing or an aging that the child has not yet experienced, and that maturation is sometimes represented as a kind of inevitable damage or loss to both place and person. Indeed, a dominant facet of this set of palimpsestic texts is an analogy between damage to the landscape that the characters inhabit and damage to the human body. Methodologically, these works are examined with the aid of critics who consider the representation and cultivation of empathy in fiction.

scholarly journals Have associations between mental health and health related behaviours changed between 2005 and 2015? A population based cross-cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne H. Gage ◽  
Praveetha Patalay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Weight Perception ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundPoor adolescent mental health is a growing concern over recent decades with evidence of increasing internalising mental health problems corresponding with decrease in anti-social, smoking and alcohol behaviours. However, understanding whether and how the associations between mental health and health-related behaviours such as substance use, anti-social behaviour and obesity have changed over time is less well-understood.ObjectivesWe investigate whether the associations between different health-related outcomes in adolescence are stable or changing over time in two recent cohorts of adolescents born ten years apart.MethodData from two UK birth cohort studies, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, born 1991-92, N=5627, 50.7% female) and Millennium Cohort Study (MCS, born 2000-1, N=11318, 50.6% female) at age 14 sweeps are used. The health outcomes of focus are depressive symptom score, substance use (alcohol, smoking, cannabis and other drugs), antisocial behaviours (assault, graffiti, vandalism, shoplifting and rowdy behaviour), weight (BMI), weight perception (perceive self as overweight) and sexual activity (had sexual intercourse).ResultsOur results suggest although directions of associations between mental-health and health-related behaviours (eg smoking) are similar over time, their strength across the distribution has changed. While smoking and alcohol use behaviours are decreasing in adolescents, those that endorse these behaviours in 2015 are more likely to have co-occurring mental-health and other problems than those born in 2005. Similarly, higher body mass index is more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in 2015.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that associations between these factors has changed over time, which has implications for public health and our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their observed associations in the population.

Movies on Our Minds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Cutting
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Psychological Evidence ◽  
Emotional Commitment ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Felt Presence ◽  
Over Time

Why do we enjoy popular movies? This book explores perceptual, cognitive, and emotional reasons for our engagement. It considers effects of camera lenses and the layout of images. It outlines the types of transitions between shots, and it traces their historical functions and changes. It classifies different kinds of shots and the changes in them across a century. It explains the arcs of scenes and how they fit into the larger structure of sequences, and then it explores scene- and sequence-like units that have become increasingly prevalent in recent years. It then breaks movies into larger, roughly half-hour parts and provides psychological evidence for them. Finally, it explores the rhythms of whole movies, first observing the flow of physical changes—shot durations, luminance, motion, and clutter—as it has developed over time, and then how cinematic polyrhythms have come to match aspects of those in the human body. Overall, this book focuses on how the narration, the manner in which the story is told, has come to reinforce the structure of the narrative, the story proper. It uses several hundred popular movies released over a century and embeds its exploration in discussions of evolution, culture, and technological change. The changes in movies have contributed to viewers’ engagement by sustaining attention, promoting understanding of the narrative, heightening emotional commitment, and fostering their felt presence in the story. Examples of cinematic effects in particular movies are given at every turn.

Absence and Ambivalence

2019 ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Abbie E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Birth Mothers ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Birth Fathers ◽  
Over Time

This chapter addresses birth fathers—but often in the context of their absence. Many adoptive parents did not appear to view birth fathers as symbolically or relationally as “important” as birth mothers. For some, this tendency persisted throughout their children’s lives. Others, though, became increasingly curious about their children’s birth fathers. Still others did enact relationships with birth fathers over time, and in some cases these were important relationships to parents and children. This chapter discusses these different patterns, with attention to how and why birth fathers are often “invisible” in adoption narratives. It also explores how adoptive parents talk about birth fathers and how this varies depending on whether parents adopted privately and domestically versus through foster care, and how it varies over time.

scholarly journals From Age 4 to 8, Children Become Increasingly Aware About Normative Situations for Adults to Consume Alcohol

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Voogt ◽  
Koen Smit ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Roy Otten ◽  
Tessa Scheffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Frequent Drinking ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aims Limited cross-sectional studies have indicated that young children have some knowledge of the type of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. However, it is unclear when and how this knowledge develops over time. This study tests the hypothesis that between the ages of 4 and 8, children become more knowledgeable about common drinking situations (e.g. ‘partying’) and uncommon situations (e.g. ‘driving’). Methods Data of two independent samples were used: a cross-sectional study (parents) and a three-wave longitudinal study (children). Parents and children were recruited via a convenience and random sampling strategy, respectively. To identify common, ambivalent, and uncommon drinking situations, parents (N = 158; 47% men) completed an online survey in which they indicated how common it is that any adult would drink alcohol in the 18 situations of the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage (eABT). Children (N = 329; 48.9% boys) completed the Dutch eABT to assess their knowledge of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. Results General linear model repeated measures with post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that parents’ perceptions of common, ambivalent, and uncommon situations in which adults consume alcohol predicted the initial level and the change over time in children’s knowledge of adults’ alcohol use in these situations. Conclusions Children aged 4–8 become increasingly knowledgeable about drinking norms in specific situations which implies that they know in what kind of situation alcohol consumption is a common human behavior. This knowledge may put them at risk for early alcohol initiation and frequent drinking later in life.

Odor in textiles: A review of evaluation methods, fabric characteristics, and odor control technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1157-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel H McQueen ◽  
Sara Vaezafshar
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Odor Control ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Consumer Dissatisfaction ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Specific Odor ◽  
Over Time

During use, textile items can develop unpleasant odors that arise from many different sources, both internal and external to the human body. Laundering is not always effective at removing odors, with odor potentially building up over time due to incomplete removal of soils and odorous compounds and/or malodors transferred during the laundering process. Textile odor can lead to consumer dissatisfaction, particularly as there are high expectations that clothing and textile products meet multiple aesthetic and functional needs. The problem of odor in textiles is complex and multi-faceted, with odorous volatile compounds, microorganisms, and precursors to odor, such as sweat, being transferred to, and retained by, fabrics. This article reviews the literature that specifically relates to odor within textiles. Methods for evaluating odor in textiles, including methods for collecting odor on textile substrates, as well as sensory and instrumental methods of odor detection, were reviewed. Literature that examined differences among fabrics that varied by fabric properties were reviewed. As well, the effectiveness of specific odor controlling finishing technologies to control malodor within textiles was also examined.

scholarly journals “Man Cannot Exist Alone”: The Challenge of Health Care to Honor the Role of Women in Society

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-330
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scrafford
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Natural Family Planning ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Emotional Bonds ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
Over Time

Women’s roles in society are changing. While most of those changes recognize and enhance the contributions of feminine ingenuity to human development, some threaten to isolate women physically, socially, and emotionally. Developments in reproductive health care, and the writings of Pope Saint John Paul II, offer lenses by which to evaluate the shifting landscape of women’s role in society. On the one hand, practices such as contraception, abortion, surrogacy, and assisted reproductive technologies over time will weaken the physical, social, and emotional bonds that procreation has held between man and woman, parents and children, and families and society. On the other hand, the expansion of different modes of natural family planning and pregnancy support centers offers to preserve those bonds. Summary: Women’s role in families, and therefore society, is invaluable. Several approaches to reproductive health offered by medicine may isolate women over time, and some evidences suggest we are already seeing that effect. Other approaches to women’s health may be able to preserve the physical, emotional, and social bonds that integrate women to the family, and therefore society.

scholarly journals CULTURALLY CONDITIONED VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN CREATIVE EXPRESSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-245
Author(s):  
Ilona Valantinaitė ◽  
Živilė Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė ◽  
Viktorija Žilinskaitė-Vytė
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Research Task ◽  
Process Memory ◽  
Memory Knowledge ◽  
Over Time

The human body and its consciousness interacts with a number of external and internal factors, including, among others, the surrounding environment, experienced emotions, those things seen, things that are possessed and touched, and affection that is experienced, all of which accumulates over time as personal experience. In the aforementioned process memory plays the most significant role and predetermines the extent to which an individual remembers (and perceives) their own experience, and how they identify and are conscious of their own self-esteem, etc. The aim of this research is to record an idea and its transformations by reference to its associations, implementation and interpretations. Thus, transformations require personal experience, memory, knowledge, verbal and nonverbal abilities, as well as psychical phenomena that occur during research through the interaction of the participants. In our research task we presented 5 squares in which fragments of abstract pictures were placed. The participants were asked to freely interpret the fragments and complete the pictures. The results allowed us to conclude that associations and the process(es) of interpretation are inconstant and independent of each other. Associations usually visualise views of our physical environment, whereas intellectual creations are most frequently found in interpretations.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Vibrations Produced to the Human Body During Operation of the Bucket Wheel Excavators. A Case Study of ERc 1400-30/7 Type Excavator

Mining Revue ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Ildiko Brînaş
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Hard Material ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Virtual Sensor ◽  
Sudden Appearance ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic response over time of the excavator boom during operation. For a start, we determined the variation in time of the forces acting on the rotor shaft, due to the excavation. These forces have high values and a slow variation over time, which depends on the rotation speed of the bucket wheel and the number of buckets installed on it. A virtual model of the BWE boom was proposed, for which the dynamic response in time due to the excavation forces was determined, for a point in the main cabin of the BWE. A virtual sensor has been attached to this point corresponding to seat of the operator. The simulation of the dynamic response over time was performed taking into account a global damping of 2% of the critical damping. The simulation was performed both for the excavation of a homogeneous material and for the case of a shock (a sudden appearance of an inclusion of hard material during the cutting of the homogeneous material).

A Brief History of Body Shape

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-46
Author(s):  
Nathan Denton
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Over Time

Like the vast numbers of other organisms that roam, or have roamed, the earth, the modern human represents a finely honed tool—one forged through millennia as it struggled to survive and thrive in more or less unaccommodating environments. Displaying the battle scars and winning strategies of its brutal, but ultimately triumphant battle against the elements, our bodies hold vast amounts of encrypted information that describe our biological lineage. In addition to the countless mechanisms that have evolved to support our existence, however, the human body is somewhat unique in that it exhibits striking permanent physiological differences that identify and define the sexes. The biology that arises from, and the social meanings attributed to, these physical features penetrate deep into the heart of what it means to be human, as well as a man or a woman. Before delving into the biology of fat, we must first therefore consider the history of body shape. This chapter begins by discussing several explanations for why the modern human body might have evolved the shape it has, and why the body differs between the sexes. Building from this foundation, it examines how societal attitudes toward body shape are ascribed and their shift over time.

Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 226-241
Author(s):  
Natascia Tonelli
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Vita Nuova ◽  
Scientific Foundation ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
Over Time

From the outset of his career as a writer Dante demonstrated a profound and not at all predictable expertise in the medical field, particularly when it came to the physiology of the human body, and especially with respect to the pathologies linked to amorous passion. This study argues that it was precisely on this physiological and scientific foundation related to the humoral complexion of a person that Dante, beginning with the Vita Nuova, built his intellectual self-portrait. We encounter here an evolving yet coherent self-portrait of a visionary poet-figure, with physical and psychological characteristics that over time were ever more clearly identified as specifically prophetic, so much so that they were featured as assets in his journey through the afterlife and his final vision of God. In this way, Dante’s own authorial path appears unified under the aegis of a certain ‘humoral determinism’.

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