The Composition of Labor Supply and Its Evolution from 2010 to 2016 in Jordan

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-42
Author(s):  
Ragui Assaad ◽  
Caroline Krafft ◽  
Caitlyn Keo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

This chapter investigates the changing character of labor supply in Jordan from 2010 to 2016. We examine recent demographic developments as well as the rapid increases in educational attainment among Jordanians. A particular focus of the chapter is on the demographic changes, such as the large increase in the working age population, generated by the recent refugee influx. Labor force participation, as well as its components of unemployment and employment, are examined using a variety of definitions. We examine differential patterns of participation by age, sex, education, and place of residence. Data from the Jordan Labor Market Panel Surveys of 2010 and 2016 are supplemented with annual data from the Jordanian Employment and Unemployment Survey (EUS) for the intervening years.

scholarly journals Child Labor and the Labor Supply of Other Household Members: Evidence from 1920 America

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1788-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Manacorda
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The U.S

This paper exploits the variation in the legal minimum working age across states in 1920 America in order to identify households' labor supply responses to exogenous changes in children's labor force participation. Using micro data on urban households from the U.S. Census, I find evidence that as a child moves to the labor market his siblings are less likely to work and more likely to attend school. I find no significant effect on parents' labor supply.

scholarly journals Unemployment Invariance

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Karanassou ◽  
Dennis J. Snower
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Invariance Hypothesis ◽  
Working Age Population

Abstract This paper provides a critique of the ‘unemployment invariance hypothesis’, according to which the behavior of the labor market, by itself, ensures that the long-run unemployment rate is independent of the size of the capital stock, productivity and the labor force. In the context of an endogenous growth model, we show that the labor market alone need not contain all the equilibrating mechanisms to ensure unemployment invariance; in particular, other markets may perform part of the equilibrating process as well. By implication, policies that raise the growth path of capital or increase the effective working-age population may influence the long-run unemployment rate.

scholarly journals India’s demographic dividend or disaster? Mismanaged factors of production—Land, labor, infrastructure, cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
Ajay Chhibber
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Factors Of Production ◽  
Cooperative Federalism

India entered its so-called demographic dividend around 2005—expected to last until 2055. India has already utilized almost a third of the period of its demographic dividend—it saw a period of explosive growth from 2003–2012—but has not been able to sustain that growth. And since 2012, growth has generated less and less employment, as it has turned inward, and so it is not helping the working-age population get usefully employed. The labor force participation rate for women has been low and is now falling. What can be done to use India’s underlying factors of production better to generate greater, more inclusive, and sustained prosperity for its citizens? These second-generation reforms are not easy, as they need cooperative federalism and much broader consensus, but without them India’s demographic dividend may become a disaster.

scholarly journals The Declining Labor Market Prospects of Less-Educated Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel J. Binder ◽  
John Bound
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
College Education ◽  
Participation Rate

Over the last half century, US wage growth stagnated, wage inequality rose, and the labor-force participation rate of prime-age men steadily declined. In this article, we examine these worrying labor market trends, focusing on outcomes for males without a college education. Though wages and participation have fallen in tandem for this population, we argue that the canonical neoclassical framework, which postulates a labor demand curve shifting inward across a stable labor supply curve, does not reasonably explain the data. Alternatives we discuss include adjustment frictions associated with labor demand shocks and effects of the changing marriage market—that is, the fact that fewer less-educated men are forming their own stable families—on male labor supply incentives. In the synthesis that emerges, the phenomenon of declining prime-age male labor-force participation is not coherently explained by a series of causal factors acting separately. A more reasonable interpretation, we argue, involves complex feedbacks between labor demand, family structure, and other factors that have disproportionately affected less-educated men.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

scholarly journals Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Beirut, 1990

1970 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Natalie Chekaibe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Economic Participation ◽  
Status Of Women

Although, universally, the most visible change in the economic status of women during the second half of the twentieth century has been the increase in their participation in the labor market, the Arab region is still characterized by very low female economic participation.

scholarly journals The labor potential reproduction in depopulation period of 2019–2035 and the compensating role of migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
A. V. Topilin ◽  
O. D. Vorob’eva ◽  
A. S. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Forecast Period ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Time Migration ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labor Potential

Purpose of the research. To examine the dynamics of reproduction of labor potential and labor supply in Russia for the period up to 2035, depending on the impact factors of its reproduction: generation change (changes in the proportion of cohort, entering and leaving at the age composition of the labor potential), fertility and mortality rates, migration balance in the individual age cohorts.  Materials and methods. The concept of “replacement of generations” is introduced. The coefficient of replacement of generations is developed and its value for labor potential of Russia for the period up to 2035 is calculated. The influence of factors of natural population movement on the dynamics of labor potential is analyzed. The compensating role of the migration factor in the conditions of labor potential reduction is calculated. Russian regions were grouped according to the following criteria: the direction and intensity of changes in the working-age population in 2020–2035 and the proportion of young people aged 0–15 years.  Results.  – There will be the reduction and aging of labor potential during the second stage of depopulation due to demographic factors.  – The decline in the working-age population in the second wave of depopulation is expected to be smaller than in the first wave.  – In Russia there will be a decrease in the replacement of generations in the contingent of people of the working age.  – The growth of Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in the forecast period should not be expected, because until 2030 a gradual decrease in the number of women of reproductive age is expected.  – The deepest failure in the population of the working age will be in 2020–2025 accounting for 1.7 million people according to the average variant of the forecast.  – In the forecast period, the labor force in the most productive age of 25–39 years will decrease by 10.5 million people, and the employment rate will decrease from 65.5% to 63.5%.  – Regional features of the formation of demand and supply of labor force in Russia cause the allocation of six homogeneous groups of regions.  – In order to compensate for the losses, it is necessary to increase the migration gain in the average version of ROSSTAT forecast by 2–2.5 times.  Conclusion. To meet the needs of the economy in the labor force in the forecast period, it is necessary to solve two interrelated tasks: compensation for the reduction of labor potential and ensuring the quality of labor potential necessary for the introduction of new technologies and digitalization of the economy. The unfavorable situation with the formation of labor resources is exacerbated by regional imbalances in the distribution of labor potential and differences in its quality across the country. In the future, migration is once again the only source of replenishment of labor potential and replacement of generations, despite the risks of quality losses due to the emigration of highly qualified persons and young people. It is necessary to take measures to increase the compensatory role of migration in the next five – six years. At the same time, migration policy measures should be considered in close conjunction with other measures to stimulate fertility and reduce mortality, ensuring a positive impact on the components of the population growth.  

Work Relief and the Labor Force Participation of Married Women in 1940

1994 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aldrich Finegan ◽  
Robert A. Margo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Added Worker Effect ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Relief

Economic analysis of the labor supply of married women has long emphasized the impact of the unemployment of husbands—the added worker effect. This article re-examines the magnitude of the added worker effect in the waning years of the Great Depression. Previous studies of the labor supply of married women during this period failed to take account of various institutional features of New Deal work relief programs, which reduced the size of the added worker effect.

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