Ordering patterns

2020 ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Gerjan van Schaaik
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Constituent Order ◽  
Constituent Ordering

After an extensive account of the basics of Turkish grammar, this chapter offers nothing but ordering principles: the first two sections are about the morphotactics of nouns and verbs, and noun phrase structure. All this is represented in tabular form. The ordering principles for noun phrases (including adverbial and postpositional phrases) in a clause is dealt with next, and thus, constituent order in nominal, existential, and verbal sentences is discussed in the third section. Dependent clauses are the topic of the fourth section, which also gives an overview of verbal linking suffixes to form such clauses. The final section shows that constituent ordering in verbal sentences can better be understood in terms of the pragmatic notions Topic and Focus than in terms of traditional distribution of Subject and Objects (SOV).

scholarly journals Constitutional Identity in the EU–A Shield or a Sword?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Faraguna
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Member States ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Constitutional Adjudication ◽  
Constitutional Identity ◽  
The Eu

This Article consists of five sections. In the first section, it describes why identity questions matter, particularly in Europe. In the second section, the Article tackles the issue of multiple structural ambiguities affecting the concept of constitutional identity in the European constitutional vocabulary. In the third section, the Article explores trends concerning the use of constitutional identity in the European legal discourse and practice, including the development of alternative interpretations and applications of the notion of constitutional identities in the Member States. The fourth section of the Article combines the analytical accounts outlined in the second section with the trends identified in the third section, contending that different conceptions and applications of constitutional identity have varying effects on the European composite constitutional adjudication system and that the institutional and procedural framework should be calibrated accordingly. The final section of this Article draws some conclusions.

scholarly journals O ENSINO E A PESQUISA SOBRE POLÍTICA EXTERNA NO CAMPO DAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS DO BRASIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

The purpose of this article is to analyze teaching and research on foreign policy in Brazil in the last two decades. The first section discusses how the main narratives about the evolution of International Relations in Brazil, considered as an area of knowledge, depict the place that has been designed, in the same area, to the study of foreign policy. The second section is devoted to an assessment of the status of foreign policy in IR teaching in the country, both at undergraduate and scricto sensu graduate programs. There is also a mapping and characterization of theses and dissertations which had foreign policy as object. The third section assesses the space given to studies on foreign policy in three academic forums nationwide, namely: the meetings of ABRI (Brazilian Association of International Relations), the ABCP (Brazilian Association of Political Science) and ANPOCS (National Association of Graduate Programs and Research in Social Sciences). In the fourth section there is a mapping and characterization of the published articles on foreign policy between 1990 and 2010, in the following IR Brazilian journals: Cena Internacional, Contexto Internacional, Política Externa and Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional. At last, the fifth and final section seeks to assess briefly the importance that comparative studies have in the sub-area of foreign policy in the country. The final considerations make a general assessment of the empirical research presented in the previous sections.

Early Years, 1771–1795

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Lisa West
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third

This chapter surveys Charles Brockden Brown’s early biography into five sections. The first provides background on eighteenth-century Quaker history and culture in Philadelphia, including the unlawful arrest and banishment of Elijah Brown, Charles’s father. The second section reviews Brown’s youth, adolescence, and education. The third discusses his law apprenticeship from 1787 to 1793, a period during which he participated in literary clubs, experimented with writing, and developed meaningful friendships. His letters during these years show interest in a variety of moral issues and sometimes critique traditional tenets of Christianity. The fourth section discusses Brown’s early publications and his manuscript epistolary narratives. The final section focuses on the years 1793–1795, when Brown strengthened connections with the New York intellectual circle and distanced himself from his Philadelphia social network, culminating in a cogent rejection of Christianity.

Considerations Affecting the Preparation of Standard Tables of Mortality

1973 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 135-235
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Mortality Curve ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Standard Table

SynopsisThe first, introductory, section of the paper refers to the Committee's main report on the mortality of immediate annuitants in 1967-70 and to the features of the latest data which prevent it from recommending the preparation of a new standard table at present.The second section describes the preliminary work which led to the suggestion of a graduation formula which appeared to fit the 1967-70 assured lives' data at each duration, and over the whole range of ages up to 90; the graduation, like the experience, showed decreasing mortality with increasing age up to age 28. This work included consideration of mortality from motor vehicle accidents at the ages either side of 20, where the shape of the curve differed from the population experience. It also examined ages 90 and over, to indicate the extent to which very late notification of deaths to the offices distorted the exposed to risk.The third section describes the fitting, with the aid of a computer, of the formula suggested in the preceding section, in order to produce two alternative graduations, one with a two-year select period, the other a five-year select period. Below age 17, where the data were insufficient to indicate the underlying course of the mortality curve, an arbitrary extension of the graduations was made by reference to population experience. The graduations are compared with earlier tables in a short fourth section.The fifth and final section examines the possibility of producing a new table for pensioners, a class of lives for which hitherto there has been no appropriate mortality yardstick. It concludes with recommendations for the preparation of experience tables for male and female pensioners based on the 1967-70 data for “lives”.

scholarly journals Complexity in the Noun Phrase Structure of the Nigerian EFCC Act

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Usman Muhammed Bello ◽  
Rachel Afegbua Zainab
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
The Times ◽  
Post Modification

This research examines the noun phrase structure in the EFCC Act. Other English phrases (verb, adjectival, adverbial, and prepositional phrases) are unimportant to this study except, of course, when they relate to noun phrase. The design for the research is qualitative/content analysis. The EFCC Act provides the data for the study. Noun phrases of different realisations are randomly selected from the text in order to establish the extent of their complexity or otherwise by categorizing the kinds of structure that pre-modify or post-modify the head word. These are further examined in order to establish the extent of their complexity or otherwise by categorizing the kinds of structure that pre-modify or post-modify the head word. The analysis is based on the MHQ models. Findings show that the Act is populated with complex noun phrases, and this complexity, most of the times, lies in post-modification and, at other times, in pre-modification. Sometimes, both pre-modification and post-modification are responsible for this complexity. However, complexity is more realized through post-modification than pre-modification. This complexity is a result of an attempt to restrict or limit the sense of the headword or an attempt to reduce meaning to possible exactitude or clarity.

scholarly journals FUNGSI EKSTERNAL DAN KATEGORI FRASE NOMINA BAHASA MELAYU MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhode Margareth Dongalemba
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
External Function ◽  
The Subject

This research entitled “External Fuctions and Categories of Noun Phrase in Malay Manado Language”. The analysis of this research focuses on describes the external functions and categories of noun phrase structure in Malay Manado language. This research contributes to the development of linguistics in the field of Syntactic especially External Fuctions and Categories of Noun Phrase in Malay Manado Language.The methodology that used in this research is desciptive method. The data is taken from interview natives people by using some social media like WhatsApp, Facebook, instagram, and as well as interview by face-to-face. All the data is primary which is the data obtained comes from first hand or original sources.The collected data are identified and analyzed in term of how the external function and categories of noun phrase is performed in the language by using Aarts & Aarts’s theory (1982).The writer found 16 sentences data in Malay Manado language. The syntactic external function level is filled by subject, predicate, and adverb. The level of the external category, noun phrases attached to the subject function are 11 clauses, noun phrases that attach to the predicate function are 11 clauses, and noun phrases attached to the adverb are 4 clauses.Keyword : Syntactics, Function, Category, Malay Manado Language

scholarly journals More heads and less categories: A new look at noun phrase structure

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Beavers
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Operational Semantics ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Selectional Restrictions ◽  
Generalized Quantifier ◽  
New Look

Much literature in syntax has assumed that all noun phrases are categorically headed by the determiner or the noun, with well-formedness categorial in nature. In this paper I develop a theory of noun phrase structure in which both categories project noun phrases, arguing that this better fits the indeterminacy of the criteria often cited for determining headedness (Zwicky, 1985, inter alia). The only categorial differences between determiners and nouns are their semantics and selectional restrictions, and the conditions that determine well-formedness are semantic in nature. Specifically, a well-formed noun phrase must have some restrictive semantics associated with nouns coupled with some operational semantics associated with determiners (e.g. as a generalized quantifier), and from this I show how we can derive structural well-formedness. Thus the need for categorial well-formedness is nullified, providing an analysis with greater cross-linguistic import, being compatible with languages without determiners.

The shape of musical improvisation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Mermikides ◽  
Eugene Feygelson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Musical Space ◽  
The Third

This chapter presents practitioner–researcher perspectives on shape in improvisation. A theoretical framework based in jazz improvisational pedagogy and practice is established, and employed in the analysis of examples from both jazz and classical-period repertoire. The chapter is laid out in five sections. The first section provides a brief overview of improvisational research, while the second discusses the concept of improvisation as ‘chains-of-thought’ (a logical narrative established through the repetition and transformation of musical objects). The third reflects upon improvisation as the limitation and variation of a changing set of musical parameters. Using this concept, the fourth section builds a theoretical model of improvisation as navigation through multidimensional musical space (M-Space). The final section uses this model in a detailed analysis of the nineteenth-century violinist Hubert Léonard’s cadenza for Beethoven’s Violin Concerto Op. 61.

The Challenges of Counterintelligence

2010 ◽  
pp. 536-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The U.S

This article discusses counterintelligence and the challenges faced by the U.S. counterintelligence. The article begins by defining counterintelligence. Counterintelligence is the method of gathering information and performing activities to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassination conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. The discussion then proceeds to the various aspects of counterintelligence. It discusses counterintelligence as a counterespionage and as an asset validation. The third section discusses the purposes and techniques of running operations against the opposition in order to control their activities, misinform them, or get them to reveal their operational techniques and capabilities. The fourth section discusses counterintelligence as a tradecraft while the fifth section focuses on counterintelligence as a means for recruiting counterintelligence sources. The final section discusses the developing issues and challenges in counterintelligence.

A Linguistically Sortable Bengali Coding System and Its Application in Spell Checking

2011 ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
M. Manzur Murshed ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman Syed ◽  
M. Kaykobad
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Important Application ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coding Scheme

By developing an inter-scheme text conversion utility, we have established in (Murshed et al., 1998) that use of non-lossy transformation instead of lossy transformation for sorting Bengali texts in linguistic order has some extra benefit. In this paper we discuss another very important application of non-lossy transformation by developing an efficient spell checking application for Bengali texts based on the internal coding scheme with non-lossy transformation. As usual, the handling of compound letters remains the key area where a Bengali text speller differs from its counterparts in other languages. Here we establish that using of the internal coding scheme in designing the dictionary and developing suggestion generating search engine not only provides a spell checking solution which is independent of any specific primary coding scheme but also assists in designing layered solution for efficient modularization and maintenance of coding. This chapter is organized as follows. In the next section we present the basic properties of Bengali script. For the sake of completeness, some results and algorithms on sorting Bengali texts in linguistic order, developed in (Murshed et al., 1998), are given in the third section. In the fourth section, we discuss various issues of developing an efficient primary coding scheme independent spell checking application based on our solution to linguistically sorting Bengali texts. The final section concludes the paper.

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