Mīmāṃsā and the Mitākṣarā School of Jurisprudence

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-71
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
The Core ◽  
First Millennium

This chapter traces the development of the concept of ownership in Sanskrit hermeneutical (Mīṃāṃsā) and jurisprudential (Dharmaśāstra) texts from approximately the first millennium CE to approximately the fifteenth century CE. The chapter draws attention to two linked trends in Indian jurisprudential history: (1) the development of a philosophical concept of ownership that occurred in the Sanskrit hermeneutical tradition centuries before the earliest logicians (Naiyāyikas); and (2) the recalibration and redeployment of several arguments concerning this Mīmāṃsā-derived concept by medieval Dharmaśāstra commentators who self-consciously framed their approaches to the jurisprudence of inheritance as further refinements of Vijñāneśvara’s Ṛjumitākṣarā (eleventh to twelfth centuries CE). The core legal and philosophical ideas analyzed are ownership-by-birth (janmasvatva) and ownership as an extra-śāstric (laukika) phenomenon respectively.

Mimesis and rivalry: European empires and global regimes

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
World System ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Core ◽  
Global Regime ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article places empires as interlocking parts of a broader global regime, a term invoked as an alternative to a world system. By focusing on connective processes and political contingencies, it presents a strategy that avoids rendering empires as radial hubs of a European-centred arrangement. Two features lie at the core of the approach: the way in which empires competed with each other, and the way in which they imitated, borrowed, and learned from each other. Instead of looking at the cyclical rise or fall of great powers, the accent here is on the tensions and intervisibilities between the parts that make up a whole. The regime was, therefore, inherently unstable and integrative at the same time. The article looks in particular at European empires embedded in the broader, unstable, yet increasingly integrated global context that shaped them. The period at stake covers the fifteenth century to the nineteenth and concludes by pointing at some longer-term legacies. It suggests an alternative political economy to the familiar models of ‘European world system’.

The compilation and ownership of the ‘St Emmeram’ codex (Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 14274)

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 161-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Rumbold
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
The Core ◽  
Polyphonic Music

The manuscript Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 14274 (now also ‘Tresorhandschrift l’) is a large collection of mensural polyphonic music, mostly composed in the first half of the fifteenth century, although a few pieces date back to the late fourteenth. Apart from its importance as a musical source (more than half the compositions it contains are unknown from other sources), Clm 14274 is the geographically northernmost representative of the small group of manuscripts from northern Italy and southern Germany which contain the core of the surviving repertory of early-fifteenth-century polyphony, and, as such, provides potentially vital documentary material for the study of this repertory.

scholarly journals The Application of the Philosophical Thinking of “Three” From I Ching to Medical Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Du ◽  
Xinqing Zhang ◽  
Jinjing Zhang ◽  
Guyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
I Ching ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ancient Times

Since ancient times, the Chinese have had a special understanding of the “Three”. Chinese philosophy originates from the I Ching, and the philosophical concept of “Three” is the core of the I Ching. The philosophical thinking about “Three” entails a complete dialectical thinking method that is consistent with the Western philosophical concept of “One Dividing into Three”. In this paper, we explain the philosophical concept of “Three” and suggest its application to medical education, including the learning and application of new technology, shared decision making between doctors and patients, and integration of medical humanities and medical science.

230Th dates for dedicatory corals from a remote alpine desert adze quarry on Mauna Kea, Hawai‘i

Antiquity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (320) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C. McCoy ◽  
Marshall I. Weisler ◽  
Jian-xin Zhao ◽  
Yue-Xing Feng
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early History ◽  
Uranium Series ◽  
Error Range ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium

AbstractThe authors show how sites in upland Hawai‘i may be dated using uranium series radiogenic measurements on coral. The sites lie in a quarry, inland and at high altitude, with little carboniferous material around, and radiocarbon dating is anyway problematic here for the first millennium. Freshly broken coral had been transported to these sites, remote from the sea – no doubt for ritual purposes. Giving a date in the fifteenth century with an error range of only five years, the method promises to be valuable for the early history of the Pacific.

scholarly journals Chryzostomowa egzegeza Ewangelii według św. Mateusza

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Baron
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Good News ◽  
The West ◽  
Unconditional Love ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
False Accusations ◽  
Latin Version

This article is divided into four sections. In the first, Fr. Arkadiusz Baron describes shortly the reception of Chrysostom’s writings in the ancient world in the East and in the West. It is surprising that the “Golden Mouth” and his homilies have triggered so many difficulties from the very beginning until the present. In the past, in the East, a growing conflict with the Severian of Gabbala and other bishops became the main obstacle to the reception of Chrysostom’s preaching. In 403, at the so-called council at the oak, Chrysostom was condemned and exiled. One of many false accusations charged him with being too merciful toward sinners who were recidivists.In the West, Anian of Celedo, Pelagius’ friend, translated Chrysostom’s homilies (especially on Matthew) into Latin. Pelagianism was condemned and Chrysostom was suspected to be semi-Pelagian. The oldest and most integral Latin version of Chrysostom’s homilies on record date back from the twelfth century. In the fifteenth century pope Nicholaus V asked for a new translation.Similarly in Poland, Chrysostom was not too lucky. In Polish, only about 15 per cent of his homilies are available. Among the translators are J. Wujek, A. Załęski and J. Krystyniacki from the eighteenth century, and T. Sinko, W. Kania, A. Baron and J. Iluk from the twentieth century. Some of them are historians and philologists, but not theologians. This is a problem of the existing Polish translations: we need a good theological, biblical and homiletical elaboration of Chrysostom’s homilies.Homilies on Matthew were preached in 390 in Antioch when Chrysostom was already well-known. Chrysostom’s homilies are the first and one of the best ancient commentaries to this Gospel. He is the only man who in the first millennium of Christianity explained the Acts of the Apostles, and he is the only one in Christianity to do this in the form of homilies.The centre of the Jesus’ Gospel according to Chrysostom is the person of Jesus. The prime purpose of Matthew’s Gospel is to reveal the unconditional love of God for each human being. Homilies on Matthew are completely apolitical. Chrysostom never even mentions governors or political situations. Similarly, he does not speak about ecclesiastical canons of councils of Antioch from the fourth century. He is only interested in how to explain the best way to all the listeners the Good News that Jesus has brought on earth.At the end, Fr. Baron gives some examples of Chrysostom’s exegesis: Mt 12: 33-37; 10: 32; 28: 1-3 and Homily on Matthew 85, 3-4.

scholarly journals religion, Phoenician and Punic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Core ◽  
System A ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
City State ◽  
Different Cultures

The Phoenician and Punic religion was a polytheistic system, characterized by local specificities and some common features. It is attested in the whole Mediterranean basin throughout the first millennium bce, with significant evolutions since the Archaic period, due to frequent contacts with many different cultures, such as Greece, Egypt, Etruria, etc. Each kingdom or city-state (Arwad, Beirut, Byblos, Sidon, Sarepta, Tyre, to mention the most important) shapes its own pantheon, which becomes a crucial expression of micro-identities. However, many gods are shared and present both in Phoenicia and in the Mediterranean diaspora, where they undergo transformations and integrate multicultural environments. The absence of Phoenician and Punic literature is a huge obstacle to a precise understanding of the religious dynamics. Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Assyrian, and Egyptian sources fortunately provide a consistent body of evidence on gods, rituals, myths, or narratives, but they need to be accurately deciphered. The Phoenician and Punic religion appears as particularly open to foreign influences and borrowings; it often employs composite images between anthropomorphism and aniconism. As in many other religions, sacrifices represent the core of the ritual system, a “middle ground,” where gods and men interact.

The Reception of Censorinus, De Die Natali, in Pre-Renaissance Europe

Antichthon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
R. M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Popular Work

De Die Natali is an obscure little treatise on human life, the influence of the planets and the divisions of time, written by the Roman grammarian Censorinus and dedicated to Q. Caerellius for his forty-ninth birthday in A.D. 238. It was not a very popular work before the fifteenth century, and there is no reason why it should have been. Even its Italian revival was probably due to its brevity, which encouraged its copying as an adjunct to the larger, more interesting works which accompanied it in the earliest manuscripts. The increasing popularity of astrology may also have influenced its dissemination during the Renaissance. It was not, however, completely lost from sight during Europe’s first millennium. The study of its early transmission and use throws some interesting light upon the revival of classical literature in that period, though it is unlikely to improve the state in which the text has come down to us.

A Reappraisal of the History of the Rhodesian Iron Age Up to the Fifteenth Century

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. E. Jaffey
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Large Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Power And Influence

The suggestions put forward in this paper may be summarized as follows. The linguistic, cultural and to some extent physical ancestors of the modern Bantu people south of the Zambezi, including the Shona, arrived in Rhodesia in the early part of the first millennium a.d. The B1 culture was not introduced by Shona migrants arriving in the eleventh century, but was a local development of the already existing Shona Iron Age A, attributable perhaps to prosperity gained from the gold trade. The B1 culture should not in fact be regarded as a separate culture from the A, that later fused with it, but as a variant of it, which because of the power and influence of those who developed and practised it eventually spread over a large area and became a common factor in the various local Shona cultures that had diverged, and continued to diverge, in the course of time.

Brochs and beyond: excavations at Old Scatness, Shetland

Antiquity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (375) ◽  
pp. 797-801
Author(s):  
Simon Gilmour ◽  
Jon Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The University

Completely unknown until 1975, when it was revealed during the construction of a new road, Old Scatness is a multi-period site that has provided unequivocal evidence dating broch construction to the mid first millennium cal BC, alongside a firmly dated sequence that is crucial to understanding the long Iron Age in Atlantic Scotland. Excavations were carried out at the site between 1995 and 2006 by local volunteers and staff and students from the University of Bradford in a collaborative project led by Bradford and Shetland Amenity Trust. The first volume, The Pictish village and Viking settlement, covering around 1000 years from 400 cal AD–1400 cal AD, appeared in 2010. It was followed by The broch and Iron Age village in 2015, which considered pre-broch occupation from the Neolithic, but focused on the construction of the broch village from the mid first millennium cal BC. The third and final volume, The post-medieval township, published in 2019, examines the settlement evidence from the late fifteenth century AD to the end of the twentieth century AD, placing it within the historic context of the documentary evidence for the period. Given the complexity of the excavations, the range of scientific methods employed and the comprehensive nature of the published volumes, this is an impressive turnaround. As a set, these three volumes represent the full publication of an extraordinary occupation sequence spanning over 2500 years, allowing a detailed reconstruction of the changing social and economic role of a location in Shetland from the development of an enclosed broch, through a period of Norse occupation to a final phase as a nineteenth-century AD croft.

Radiocarbon Dates for Sub-Saharan Africa—IV

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Age Range ◽  
First Time

The fourth radiocarbon list contains many new and important dates. Only isolated readings are still available from West Africa, but some later Iron Age sites have recently been dated. The first samples for the Kenya Highlands date food production in that region to the first millennium b.c., while important dates from Uganda confirm the traditional datings of Bigo and Bweyerore. Samples from Kilwa on the Tanzanian coast are somewhat at variance with other dating evidence.Dates for the Angola Iron Age range between a.d. 760 and the fifteenth century, while the Leopard's Kopje industry of Rhodesia has been dated for the first time.The list is completed with many isolated dates from all parts of the subcontinent.

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