Counting and Mapping Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-163
Author(s):  
Agnes Arnold-Forster
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Cancer Statistics ◽  
Incidence Of Cancer

This chapter explores the practice of collecting cancer statistics and examines the meanings and implications of the nascent idea of the ‘cancer epidemic’ in the mid-nineteenth century. In response to the supposed increasing incidence of cancer, some medical men sought strategies beyond the clinic to elucidate the evasive malady. The continued therapeutic futility with respect to cancer provoked a diversification of investigative efforts, and elements of the medical community refocused on the disease’s causes, prevention, transmission, and potential communication. This chapter explores the ways in which practitioners interested in cancer—little-known characters like Alfred Haviland, Charles H. Moore, and Charles E. Green—mapped cancer incidence, understood the disease to be produced by rural environs, and conceptualized the disease spatially and according to scale.

scholarly journals Trends in cancer incidence in Uruguay:2002 - 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Garau ◽  
Carina Musetti ◽  
Rafael Alonso ◽  
Enrique Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
National Cancer Registry ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Life Style Changes

Background: Uruguay is the southamerican country which has the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates. The National Cancer Registry collects data on cancer cases nationwide since 1989 and has reached high quality standards in the last decades. This is the first report on incidence trends. Methods: Data from the National Cancer Registry of all new cases of invasive cancer from twelve sites diagnosed in 2002-2015 was analyzed. Age-standardized rates were calculated. Trends of incidence rates were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. Results For both, men and women, incidence rates trends for all cancer sites, colo-rectal and bladder cancer remained stable. Esophageal and gastric cancers descend while Thyroid and kidney cancer incidence increased. In men lung cancer decreased; testicular cancer increased, and prostate cancer increased at the beginning of the period and decreased in the final years. In women; lung cancer increased, breast cancer remained stable and cervical cancer presented a significant decline from 2005 to 2010 and reached a plateau since then. Conclusion: Cancer incidence dynamics are complex and affected not only by Public Health policies such as tobacco control, vaccination and screening programs, but also by environmental and life style changes and the attitude of the medical community towards the application of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The aim of this paper is to analyze cancer incidence time trends in the country and provide possible explanations to them.

Oral cancer incidence based on annual cancer statistics in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Rim Sun ◽  
Soung Min Kim ◽  
Mi Hyun Seo ◽  
Myung Jin Kim ◽  
Jong Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Statistics

scholarly journals Typhoid Fever in Nineteenth-Century Colombia: Between Medical Geography and Bacteriology

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MÓNICA GARCÍA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
North American ◽  
Medical Geography ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Distinct Features

AbstractThis paper analyses how the Colombian medical elites made sense of typhoid fever before and during the inception of bacteriological ideas and practices in the second half of the nineteenth century. Assuming that the identity of typhoid fever has to be understood within the broader concerns of the medical community in question, I show how doctors first identified Bogotá’s epidemics as typhoid fever during the 1850s, and how they also attached specificity to the fever amongst other continuous fevers, such as its European and North American counterparts. I also found that, in contrast with the discussions amongst their colleagues from other countries, debates about typhoid fever in 1860–70 among doctors in Colombia were framed within the medico-geographical scheme and strongly shaped by the fear of typhoid fever appearing alongside ‘paludic’ fevers in the highlands. By arguing in medico-geographical and clinical terms that typhoid fever had specificity in Colombia, and by denying the medico-geographical law of antagonism between typhoid and paludic fevers proposed by the Frenchman Charles Boudin, Colombian doctors managed to question European knowledge and claimed that typhoid fever had distinct features in Colombia. The focus on paludic and typhoid fevers in the highlands might explain why the bacteriological aetiology of typhoid fever was ignored and even contested during the 1880s. Anti-Pasteurian arguments were raised against its germ identity and some physicians even supported the idea of spontaneous origin of the disease. By the 1890s, Pasteurian knowledge had come to shape clinical and hygienic practices.

Hope for Cures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenter B. Risse
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Human Experimentation ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Made In

This chapter documents the efforts of the nineteenth-century medical community in the search for better cures and means of treatment for patients suffering from loathsome diseases. Fuzzy professional ethics and ambiguous public sentiment came to guide physicians in their slow march toward modern therapeutics. The less risky approach of simply letting nature take its course collided with a growing desire to test new drugs at the bedside. Thus the chapter recounts the advances made in medical sciences in the slow march toward modern therapeutics, and also discusses the drawbacks of scientific research during this period. In their quest for new knowledge about disease, nineteenth-century physicians even periodically resorted to human experimentation.

scholarly journals Cancer incidence in young and middle-aged people with schizophrenia: nationwide cohort study in Taiwan, 2000–2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Y. Chen ◽  
Y. N. Hung ◽  
Y. Y. Chen ◽  
S. Y. Yang ◽  
C. H. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence Of Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Aims.For nearly a century, the incidence of cancer in people with schizophrenia was lower than in the general population. In the recent decade, the relationship between cancer and schizophrenia has become obscured. Thus, we investigated the cancer risk among young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia.Methods.Records of newly admitted patients with schizophrenia (n = 32 731) from January 2000 through December 2008 were retrieved from the Psychiatric Inpatient Medical Claims database in Taiwan, and the first psychiatric admission of each patient during the same period was defined as the baseline. We obtained 514 incident cancer cases that were monitored until December 2010. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare the risk of cancer between those with schizophrenia and the general population. Stratified analyses of cancer incidences were performed by gender, site of cancers and duration since baseline (first psychiatric admission).Results.The incidence of cancer for all sites was slightly higher than that of the general population for the period (SIR = 1.15 [95% CI 1.06–1.26], p = 0.001). Men had a significantly higher incidence of colorectal cancer (SIR = 1.48 [95% CI 1.06–2.06], p = 0.019). Women had a higher incidence of breast cancer (SIR = 1.47 [95% CI 1.22–1.78], p < 0.001). Intriguingly, the risk for colorectal cancer was more pronounced 5 years after the first psychiatric admission rather than earlier (SIR = 1.94 [1.36–2.75], p < 0.001) and so was the risk for breast cancer (SIR = 1.85 [1.38–2.48], p < 0.001). The cancer incidence was higher in patients with schizophrenia contradicting the belief that schizophrenia was protective of cancers.Conclusions.Our analyses suggest that men and women with schizophrenia were more vulnerable to certain types of cancers, which indicates the need for gender-specific cancer screening programs. The fact that risk of colorectal cancer was more pronounced 5 years after the first psychiatric admission could imply the impact of unhealthy lifestyles or the possibility of delayed diagnoses.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF THE CANCER INCIDENCE RATES BETWEEN THE STATE CANCER STATISTICS AND CANCER REGISTRY DATA IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
G. V. Petrova ◽  
O. P. Gretsova ◽  
V. V. Starinsky
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Cancer Statistics ◽  
Cancer Registry Data ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

The purpose of the study was to compare data on the cancer incidence rates for 2016 between the official reports on cancer statistics and federal cancer registry, collected in December 2018.Material and Methods. The study estimated the total data on 18 parameters from 35 regions of Russia, covering 66.3 million people (2016). The database of the Russian cancer registry and the database containing reports on the state cancer statistics were used. The cancer statistics/cancer registry ratio was assessed.Results. No differences in cancer incidence between the official reports on cancer statistics and cancer registry data were found. In the official reports on cancer statistics, the mortality rate, the proportion of posthumously recorded patients per 100 newly diagnosed, the proportion of deaths from diseases not related to cancer per 100 deceased patients, the cancer prevalence and the prevalence rate of unspecified malignant tumors were slightly reduced (to 10 %, 9 %, 5 %, and 4 %, respectively), and the rate of cancer detection, the proportion of histologically verified diagnoses and the proportion of cancers detected in stage III were increased (to 19 %, 10 % and 14 %, respectively) compared to those in cancer registry data.Conclusion. Improvement in the quality and completeness of information about cancer patients is associated rather with increasing the annual report length than with the need to improve the cancer registration system itself.

scholarly journals Cancer incidence in Canada: trends and projections (1983–2032)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xie ◽  
Robert Semenciw ◽  
Les Mery
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Cancer Statistics ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Public Health Officials

Each year, the Canadian Cancer Statistics publication provides an estimate of expected case counts and rates for common cancer sites for the current year in Canada as a whole and in the provinces and territories. This monograph expands on the Canadian Cancer Statistics publication by providing historical and projected cancer incidence frequencies and rates at national and regional levels from 1983 to 2032. The aim is that this monograph will be an important resource for health researchers and planners. Most importantly, it is hoped the monograph will: - provide evidence-based input for the development of public health policy priorities at the regional and national levels; and - guide public health officials in planning strategy including designing and evaluating preventive interventions and planning resources (treatment requirements) and infrastructure for future cancer control and care intended to reduce the burden of cancer in Canada.

Linking diet, religion and cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21172-21172
Author(s):  
S. P. Yadav ◽  
A. Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
General Population ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Incidence Of Cancer ◽  
Cancer In Children

21172 Background: Consumption of onion and garlic has been shown to give protection against various cancers. Motivated by this observation we intended to look at the cancer incidence in a population belonging to Jain religion that does not consume garlic and onion due to religious belief. This study was done to see cancer incidence in children of Jain religion as compared to other religions at a single centre. Methods: It was a retrospective analysis of consecutive children less than 16 years of age diagnosed with cancer at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital from January 2005 to January 2007. We excluded adult patients with cancer as tobacco and alcohol consumption in this age group would have been confounding factors.Age, sex and religion were noted. Data from Census of India for year 2001 was used to know distribution of various religions in general population alongwith literacy rates and proportion in 0–6 years age. Results: As per 2001 Census of India , distribution of population in India as per various religions is Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, Buddhist 0.8% , Jain 0.4% and others 0.6%. Proportion of population in 0–6 year of age in India is 15.9% and as per religions Hindu 15.6%, Muslim 18.7% ,Christian 13.5%, Sikh 12.8%, Buddhist 14.4% and Jain 10.6%. Literacy rates of India is 64.5% and by religion is Hindu 65%, Muslim 59.1% Christian 80.3%, Sikh 69.4%, Buddhist 72.7% and Jain 94%. Distribution of population in Delhi as per various religions is Hindu 82%, Muslim 11.7%, Christian 0.9%, Sikh 4%, Buddhist 0.2% and Jain 1%. Total of 201 patients were diagnosed with cancer and distribution as per religions was Hindu 162 (81%), Muslim 15 (7.5%), Christian 3 (1.5%), Sikh 8 (4%), Buddhist 1 (0.05%) and Jain 12 (6%). Conclusions: Incidence of cancer in children of different religions is similar to that of proportions of population of different religions in Delhi except for Jain religion where incidence of cancer is 6 times higher despite lesser number children in 0–6 year in this population as compared to other religions . Major difference is the diet lacking in onion and garlic . Other reason could be increased literacy levels in Jain community . This link between diet ,religion and cancer in Jain population needs to be studied in a larger muticenteric setting as it has implications for the whole world. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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