Unit I 10,9

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Ceramic Plate ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
The South ◽  
Good State ◽  
South Wall

The pavement of this area was of mortar and the walls had a coarse plaster socle with finer white plaster above. Elia noticed numerous holes and numeric graffiti in the white plaster and therefore identified it as a workshop. The excavators noted that the pavement was in a ruined state. There is a masonry base in the south-east corner (dimensions: 1.5 m × 0.6 m). The excavators recorded the base of a fornello, probably a hearth, along the south wall and a limestone step, in the south-east corner, which they identified as the first step of a wooden stairway. Elia reported that absolutely nothing was found in this area, but recorded finds consisted of: two small marble weights and one oval lead weight; two bronze pins, possibly from a small lock; a ceramic storage jar; a ceramic bowl and a ceramic plate, probably tableware; and three large ceramic lids, possibly used in cooking. These finds are associated with weighing, storage, and possibly food preparation and eating. It is conceivable that this unit was a food outlet. If this is the case then the fixture in the south-east corner may well have been a hearth. The state of the pavement suggests that it was not in a good state of repair at the time of the eruption.

The Fortifications at Gobekly-depe

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. KOSHELENKO
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
South Wall ◽  
Mud Bricks ◽  
North Western

This chapter discusses the result of research on the Gobekly-depe fortifications at the north-western edge of the Merv Oasis conducted by the South Turkmenistan Archaeological Multi-Disciplinary Expedition (YuTAKE) in the late 1940s. The findings suggest that the fortress served as a residence for the state dignitary in charge of the fortress and as a warehouse to which specific commodities were sent from Merv and from which they were then distributed further. The plan of the fortifications involved towers in all four corners and an entrance in the middle of the south wall, and the walls were built with alternate layers of mud bricks and pakhsa.

Unit I 10,13

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Food Preparation ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Small Glass ◽  
Volcanic Deposit ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
South Wall ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
Northeast Corner

The pavement of this unit was of cocciopesto and the walls were covered with a high cocciopesto socle with upper parts in coarse plaster. A wooden stairway ascended from the south-west corner, along the west wall, and an L-shaped, red-painted masonry bench (h.: 760 mm; l.: 3.3 m; w.: 60 mm), inset with two small dolia, projected into the centre of the room from the south-east corner. In the west end of this bench Elia recorded a masonry fornello. Remains of the closing system, included an iron door key, were found in the east entrance. The presence of the key suggests that this establishment was abandoned in haste. On the pavement near the north jamb, an inscribed amphora was found. In the northeast corner, a small ceramic vase was found. Against the south wall stood a tripod on which were found the remains of another ceramic vessel. On the bench were found: a bronze funnel; four more ceramic vases; the base of a terra sigillata dish, possibly reused; a large glass storage jar; two small glass bottles; a bronze tube; a clay lamp; and two bronze coins, one Republican and one an as of Tiberius. These finds point to this area having been used for food preparation although this is less evident for the two small glass bottles. A bronze ring, possibly a finger-ring, and four more coins (Republican and Julio-Claudian) were found a few centimetres above the pavement. At 2.5 m above the pavement were found a bronze cooking pot, a bronze bucket, and a terra sigillata dish. These objects were conceivably from the upper storey, implying that cooking and eating may also have been taking place there, although these could have been disturbed from the ground floor. Elia identified this as a ‘taberna’ and Packer referred to it as ‘Caupona Poppaeorum’. The finds indicate that food was being prepared here. Packer believed that the owner had a small apartment above. If the finds from the upper levels of the volcanic deposit were from the upper floor, this would suggest that cooking activities were also being carried out there. However, this seems an unlikely activity in the residence of someone who ran a food outlet.

House I 10,18

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Food Preparation ◽  
The South ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Volcanic Deposit ◽  
South Wall ◽  
Small House ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Wall Decoration

The walls outside this entrance were decorated with a high red socle with white fields above, on which were painted simple inscriptions in red. The entranceway itself had a simple pavement and remains of black decoration on the walls. Outside the entrance, on either side, are two plastered masonry seats (south seat—h.: 0.45 m; dimensions: 0.4 m × 1.2 m; north seat—h.: 0.5 m; dimensions: 0.37 m × 0.9 m). These seats are thought to have been for waiting clients but this is rather a small house to need such a facility. Such seats were probably used more generally by the householders and passers-by. No finds were recorded here. This front hall had a cocciopesto pavement and traces of wall decoration consisting of a high black socle with simple white fields above, similar to that in the entranceway. It had a cocciopesto impluvium (dimensions: 1.2 m × 0.9 m), inset with fragments of coloured marble. A wooden stairway along the south wall ascended to the east. Underneath was a cupboard (w.: 0.95 m; l.: 3.6 m) with plastered walls and wooden doors. The only finds recorded from this area were ceramic vessels of various types, including one large amphora. This contrasts with the plethora of finds from many other atria and suggests that this area had been abandoned, or at least its use had been restricted, during the last occupancy. According to Elia, this room was probably a ‘cubiculum’, its walls decorated with a low light red socle, and yellow central and upper zones. Parts of the upper zone, however, consisted of only coarse white plaster. No evidence remains of the original pavement. Finds from this room consisted of: an iron padlock, probably from the door; two small ceramic vases; one amphora; and an as of Claudius. In the disturbed volcanic deposit in this room were also found: another similar iron lock; a ceramic vase; and a ceramic basin, both of which may have been used for mixing, possibly in food preparation; a carpenter’s hammer; a bronze ring; and a dupondius of Vespasian (ad 74). The finds assemblage is unlike that commonly found in decorated rooms of this type, and is seemingly much more utilitarian.

1830: van de Belgische protonatie naar de natiestaat (deel 2)

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-321
Author(s):  
Lode Wils
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
Public Office ◽  
The North ◽  
Ministerial Responsibility ◽  
The Government ◽  
The French Revolution

In het tweede deel van zijn bijdrage 1830: van de Belgische protonatie naar de natiestaat, over de gebeurtenissen van 1830-1831 als slotfase van een passage van de Belgische protonatie doorheen de grote politiek-maatschappelijke en culturele mutaties na de Franse Revolutie, ontwikkelt Lode Wils de stelling dat de periode 1829-1830 de "terminale crisis" vormde van het Koninkrijk der Verenigde Nederlanden. Terwijl koning Willem I definitief had laten verstaan dat hij de ministeriële verantwoordelijkheid definitief afwees en elke kritiek op het regime beschouwde als kritiek op de dynastie, groeide in het Zuiden de synergie in het verzet tussen klerikalen, liberalen en radicale anti-autoritaire groepen. In de vervreemding tussen het Noorden en het Zuiden en de uiteindelijke revolutionaire nationaal-liberale oppositie vanuit het Zuiden, speelde de taalproblematiek een minder belangrijke rol dan het klerikale element en de liberale aversie tegen het vorstelijk absolutisme van Willem I en de aangevoelde uitsluiting van de Belgen uit het openbaar ambt en vooral uit de leiding van de staat.________1830: from the Belgian pre-nation to the nation stateIn the second part of his contribution 1830: from the Belgian pre-nation to the nation state, dealing with the events from 1830-1831 as the concluding phase of a transition of the Belgian pre-nation through the major socio-political and cultural mutations after the French Revolution, Lode Wils develops the thesis that the period of 1829-1830 constituted the "terminal crisis" of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. Whilst King William I had clearly given to understand that he definitively rejected ministerial responsibility and that he considered any criticism of the regime as a criticism of the dynasty, the synergy of resistance increased between the clericalists, liberals and radical anti-authoritarian groups in the South. In the alienation between the North and the South and the ultimate revolutionary national-liberal opposition from the South the language issue played a less important role than the clericalist element and the liberal aversion against the royal absolutism of William I and the sense of exclusion of the Belgians from public office and particularly from the government of the state.

scholarly journals Our New Cathedrals: Spirituality and Old-Growth Forests in Western Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Worth
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
South West ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Policy Proposals

Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been heated debate about the future use of the remaining karri and jarrah forests in the south-west of the State. This debate revolves around policy proposals from two social movements: one wants to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing movement supports a continued

The Villa Item and a Bride's Ordeal

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Toynbee
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Important Paper ◽  
The North ◽  
Dwelling House ◽  
South Wall ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
North Wall ◽  
The Right

The paintings in the triclinium of the Villa Item, a dwelling-house excavated in 1909 outside the Porta Ercolanese at Pompeii, have not only often been published and discussed by foreign scholars, but they have also formed the subject of an important paper in this Journal. The artistic qualities of the paintings have been ably set forth: it has been established beyond all doubt that the subject they depict is some form of Dionysiac initiation: and, of the detailed interpretations of the first seven of the individual scenes, those originally put forward by de Petra and accepted, modified or developed by Mrs. Tillyard appear, so far as they go, to be unquestionably on the right lines. A fresh study of the Villa Item frescoes would seem, however, to be justified by the fact that the majority of previous writers have confined their attention almost entirely to the first seven scenes—the three to the east of the entrance on the north wall (fig. 3), the three on the east wall and the one to the east of the window on the south wall, to which the last figure on the east wall, the winged figure with the whip, undoubtedly belongs.

scholarly journals Reading Practices and Literacy of Boer Combatants in the South African War of 1899–1902

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-307
Author(s):  
Fransjohan Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South African ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
The South ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
The Bible ◽  
South African War ◽  
Reading Matter

In investigating the reading practices of Boer combatants during the South African War, diaries, letters, and reminiscences were consulted. The state of literacy reveals a picture of a small number of highly literate men, a larger group of adequately literate men, a still larger group of semi-literates, and the illiterate. Reading matter included the Bible, newspapers, and books. Issues raised are: Did literacy (or illiteracy) influence military decision-making or troop morale? Were certain works making some impact on the battlefield? Was the practical experience the Boers had gained before the war more successful in planning strategy and tactics than literacy?

Asad on the Secular

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Auwais Rafudeen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
South African ◽  
The State ◽  
South African Context ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
The South ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
African Context

This paper examines a South African debate on legislating Muslim marriages in the light of anthropologist Talal Asad’s critique developed in his Formations of the Secular (2003). It probes aspects of the debate under four Asadian themes: (1) the historicity of the secular, secularism, and secularization; (2) the place of power and the new articulations of discourses it creates; (3) the state as the arm of that power; and (4) the interconnections (or dislocations) among law, ethics, and the organic environment (habitus). I argue that Asad illumines the debate in the following ways: (1) by providing a deeper historical and philosophical appreciation of its terms of reference, given that the proposed legislation will be subject to South Africa’s secular Bill of Rights and constitution; (2) by requiring us to examine and interrogate the genealogies of such particular hegemonic discourses as human rights, which some participants appear to present as ahistorical and privileged; and (3) by showing, through the concept of habitus, why this debate needs to go beyond its present piecemeal legal nature and develop an appreciation of the organic linkages among the Shari‘ah, morality, community, and self. Yet inevitable nuances are produced when applying Asad’s ideas to the South African context.

Pregnancies and Pregnancy Desires at the State Level: Estimates for 2017 and Trends Since 2012

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kost ◽  
◽  
Isaac Maddow-Zimet ◽  
Ashley C. Little
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Key Points In almost all U.S. states, pregnancies reported as occurring at the right time or being wanted sooner than they occurred comprised the largest share of pregnancies in 2017, though proportions varied widely by state. The proportion of pregnancies that were wanted later or unwanted was higher in the South and Northeast than in other regions, and the proportion of pregnancies that occurred at the right time or were wanted sooner was higher in the West and Midwest. From 2012 to 2017, the wanted-later-or-unwanted pregnancy rate fell in the majority of states. However, no clear pattern emerged for any changes in the rate of pregnancies that were reported as wanted then or sooner or in the rate of those for which individuals expressed uncertainty.

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