Development-Induced Dispossession, Displacement, and Embedded Power Relations

Author(s):  
Peer Ghulam Nabi Suhail

This chapter critically examines the class dynamics of land control and the influence of the elites and absentee landlords who take decisions on behalf of the subsistent peasantry. Yet another layer of control over land, the inter-dependence of the poor on the elites and vice-versa, has been analysed in detail. Simultaneously, the chapter also illustrates the peasant narrative about subordination, subalternity, and powerlessness. It mainly elucidates the peasant’s interpretations of loss caused by dispossession and displacement. It also discusses the viewpoints of the state, the corporate, and the political parties on the concept of the micro picture of who gets what and how. The chapter argues that HEP construction in Gurez has caused destruction of ecology and has adversely impacted the common property resources. Therefore, land-grabbing leads to a phenomenon where land is needed while labour is not.

Author(s):  
Piero Ignazi

Chapter 1 introduces the long and difficult process of the theoretical legitimation of the political party as such. The analysis of the meaning and acceptance of ‘parties’ as tools of expressing contrasting visions moves forward from ancient Greece and Rome where (democratic) politics had first become a matter of speculation and practice, and ends up with the first cautious acceptance of parties by eighteenth-century British thinkers. The chapter explores how parties or factions have been constantly considered tools of division of the ‘common wealth’ and the ‘good society’. The holist and monist vision of a harmonious and compounded society, stigmatized parties and factions as an ultimate danger for the political community. Only when a new way of thinking, that is liberalism, emerged, was room for the acceptance of parties set.


Author(s):  
Christian P. Haines

This chapter examines the relationship between politics and philosophy in Walt Whitman’s 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass. It focuses on Whitman’s articulation of two different concepts of democracy: a vitalist version, based on the organic life of the nation, and a revolutionary version, based on transforming the political culture of the people for the sake of fulfilling the American Revolution. The chapter traces Whitman’s reception as a Spinozist (an inheritor of the radical philosophy of Baruch Spinoza), a pantheist, and a monist. It argues that this philosophical legacy enables Whitman to reimagine the nation as the common property of the people and to reconceive of national belonging in terms other than citizenship. The chapter pays particular attention to Whitman’s commitments to labor politics and the abolition of slavery.


2021 ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Carew Boulding ◽  
Claudio A. Holzner

This chapter presents the theoretical explanation that links core institutional features of democracy (political parties, competitive elections, civil society, and protection of democratic rights) to the political behavior of the poorest citizens. The focus is not only on those factors that boost the political activity of the poor, but those that have a disproportionately strong positive impact on poor people’s activism. The chapter argues that where civil society is strong, where political parties have the capacity and incentives to focus mobilization efforts on the poor, and where democratic institutions are strong, poor people will be able to participate at high levels.


Author(s):  
James Lindley Wilson

This introductory chapter provides an overview of democracy. Democracy draws much of its political and philosophical support from its claim to be the form of government in which citizens rule equally. It has long been associated, however imperfectly and incompletely, with political equality of citizens. Indeed, the greatest and most profound advances of democracy have been rejections of political inequalities: the demand that the “common born,” the propertyless, and the poor; racial minorities; and women were among those with whom citizens were obliged to share in rule equally. Democracy's claim to moral superiority as a regime draws from its claim to be the political reflection and expression of this equality among citizens. This book then offers a full account of political equality: an account that can help guide people's choices between electoral and law-making institutions and practices.


2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ebeling ◽  
Fabio Wolkenstein

At the heart of the ideal of deliberative democracy lies an emphasis on the political autonomy of citizens participating in procedures of public justification aimed at the promotion of the common good. The recent systemic turn in deliberative democracy has moved so far away from this ideal that it relegates the deliberations of citizens to a secondary matter, legitimising forms of rule that may even undermine the normative impulses central to the project of deliberative democracy. We critically discuss this theoretical development and show how deliberative agency can effectively be exercised in complex political systems. We argue, in particular, that political parties play a central role in facilitating the exercise of deliberative agency, fostering deliberation among citizens and linking their deliberations to decisions. Instead of giving up on the possibility that citizens participate in procedures of public justification, deliberative democrats should look to parties’ unique ability to enable deliberation.


Humaniora ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Ulani Yunus

Effective adverstisement must contain ideal message that will attract, arouse curiosity, and stimulate the action in accordance with the purpose of the advertiser. The problem identification of this study is how the political message in the TVC construction towards the 2014 election. This study aims to know how the message construction of Hanura, PAN, and Gerindra on TVC ads by the 2014 election and to know the similarities message of Hanura, PAN, and Gerindra ads as the largest ad spender in the TVC. The methodology used is qualitative analysis by Stuart Hall’s reception constructive theory. The results of this study point out that the construction of political message through the TVC from January to March 2014 was in the opposition position. The recipient constructed ideas contrary to the purpose of the advertisers. Thus, marketing communications conducted by the team of political parties in this study did not conform to expectations. While, those three political parties analyzed were carrying the same message that they sided with the poor people and promised to give hope to live well. Conclusions obtained from the results of the research are the construction of the message contains the element of appeals and emotionals instead of the element of arguments and convictions. Then the similirarity of the TVC message is the parties give a promise of hope and well living to the people yet no one conveys the answers to the concerns of the people existed since the reform era, that is about disintegration and unity in the community. 


The consolidation of local democracy will be realized well if the political information provided by the electoral institutions and political institution through political communication can encourage people to get a 'nutrition' receive political information, so they can learn about politics. Political information in simultaneosly election is part of candidate “candidates pair” a Mayor Cimahi City can do political communication for competing to provide on political information about prospective policy choice that will be submitter later. When the political information of the citizen is fulfilled, the citizen can choose with a large responsibility and rationally to choose leader in their area, based on considerations that the common benefit of the people themselves. In 2017 is a political year for 101 regions that held the head simultaneous elections (Pilkada) throughout in Indonesia. There are 7 Provinces, 76 District and 18 Cities that participate in the simultaneous elections. One of the 18 cities that held the elections was Cimahi City. Cimahi City has a permanent voter list of 375,722 people who use its sovereignty to elect a Mayor candidate who will lead the region for the next 5 years. In the party of democracy, it is fundamental that political information becomes a reinforcement in political cognition that will be implemented in the space of political participation itself. Political education is an obligation for political organizers, especially for the General Election Commision (KPU) Cimahi City and Political Parties to provide political information to the public.


1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Vredeling

A CURIOUS PHENOMENON MAY BE NOTED WITHIN THE EUROPEAN Community, and also in the negotiations on the entry of other European countries into it. This is the absence of any move towards European integration among the political parties in the member states. Rather surprisingly, an obstinate silence prevails in Europe and within the national political parties regarding this deficiency. One cannot help wondering what is the reason for this and what can be done to break this silence.Outwardly the process of European integration presents in the main an economic aspect. The EEC Treaty is a classic example of this. The goal striven for is a customs union with a common policy in the economic sphere. Thus the first steps are being taken in the Community towards a common policy in a number of sectors (agriculture, transport, energy, external trade). Recently attempts have been made to link this sector-by-sector policy through the inauguration of a common economic and monetary policy.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2323
Author(s):  
Kaan Taşbaşı

Media has been the sole instrument of construing, representation and discussion of the economic and political issues. That is why it has a critical role in constituting the social and cultural order. In this context, this study starts from the premise that media has also a role in framing poverty and its social perception. While social problems are framed in the media within the confines of the dominant ideology, handling of the poverty issue cannot be taken out of the portrayal. Poverty finds itself a place in the media mostly through stereotyping, and there exist a view that poverty stems from the poor themselves. Personalizing poverty in the framework of individual stories, makes the whole that the poverty is embedded invisible and eliminates the context.To further investigate this role, firstly, election bulletins prepared by the political parties which participated in the June 2015 elections in Turkey are reviewed in terms of the parties’ policy suggestions to solve the problems of the poor and/or poverty. Then the review is expanded by screening of Hurriyet, Sabah and Cumhuriyet dailies. ÖzetMedya, ekonomik ve siyasal alana verilen anlamların, temsilinin ve tartışılmasının yegâne aracı sıfatını taşımıştır. Bu nedenle de, medyanın toplumsal ve kültürel düzenin oluşumunda da kritik bir rolü olmuştur. Bu bağlamda medyanın yoksulluğun çerçevelenmesi ve toplumsal alımlanmasında da belirleyiciliği vardır. Toplumsal sorunlar, medyada egemen ideolojinin çizdiği sınırlar içinde yer alıp çerçevelenirken, yoksulluğun ele alınışı da bu genel çerçevenin dışına çıkamamaktadır. Yoksulluk medyada stereotipleştirmeler üzerinden karşılık bulmakta, yoksulluğun kaynağının bizatihi yoksulların kendileri olduğu yönünde bir kabul ve bakış bulunmaktadır. Yoksulluğun bireysel öyküler çerçevesinde kişiselleştirilmesi, yoksulluğun boy verdiği geniş zemini görünmez kılmakta ve bağlamını ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle yoksulluk tanımlamaları ele alınmış ve Türkiye'de yoksulluk meselesi özetlenmiştir. Daha sonra yoksulluk-medya ilişkisi açıklanmış, 7 Haziran Seçimleri'ne katılan ve Meclis'te grubu bulunan partilerin seçim bildirgelerinde yoksulluk meselesinin yer alış biçimi ve seçim bildirgelerinden günlük ulusal gazetelere (Hürriyet, Sabah, Cumhuriyet) yansıyanlar incelenerek, iki veri kümesi arasında bağlantı kurulmaya çalışılmıştır.


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