Fluid Saturation Evaluation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Doveton
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Parametric Function ◽  
Topological Transformation ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Empirical Point

In his treatise on electricity and magnetism, Maxwell (1873) published an equation that described the conductivity of an electrolyte that contained nonconducting spheres as: . . . Ψ = co/cw = 2Φ/(3-Φ) . . . where the “meaning” of Ψ (psi) has been most commonly interpreted as some expression of tortuosity, Co and Cw are the conductivity of the medium and the electrolyte, respectively, and Φ is the proportion of the medium that is occupied by the electrolyte. Since that time, considerable efforts have been devoted to elucidation of the electrical properties of porous materials, particularly with the advent of the first resistivity log in 1927, which founded an entire industry focused on estimating fluid saturations in hydrocarbon reservoirs from downhole measurements. To some degree, spirited discussions in the literature reflect two schools of thought, one that considers the role of the resistive framework from a primarily empirical point of view, and the other that models the conductive fluid phase in terms of electrical efficiency. Clearly, the two concepts are intertwined because resistivity is the reciprocal of conductivity and the pore network is the complement of the rock framework. If the solid part of the rock is nonconductive, then the ability of a rock to conduct electricity is controlled by the conductive phase in the pore space, which should make the case for equations to be formulated from classical physical theory. This approach is typically developed using electrical flow through capillary tubes as a starting point. Unfortunately, the topological transformation of a capillary tube model to a satisfactory representation of a real pore network is a formidable challenge, so that mathematical solutions may not be acceptable, even though they are grounded in basic physics. The most successful model along these lines has been proposed by Herrick and Kennedy (1994), who maintain that while the Archie equation is a useful parametric function, it has no physical basis. Some of their conclusions are reviewed at the end of this chapter.

On Linkhood, Topicalization and Clitic Left Dislocation

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORA ALEXOPOULOU ◽  
DIMITRA KOLLIAKOU
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clitic Doubling ◽  
Left Dislocation ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Card System ◽  
Clitic Left Dislocation ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structural Definition

This paper focuses on the Information Packaging notion of linkhood and provides a structural definition of this notion for Greek. We show that a combination of structural resources – syntactic (left dislocation), morphological (clitic duplication) and phonological (absence of nuclear accent) – are simultaneously exploited to realize linkhood in Greek, a generalization that can be captured in a constraint-based grammar such as HPSG, which permits the expression of interface constraints. We assume Vallduví's (1992) approach to Information Packaging, and Engdahl & Vallduví's (1996) implementation of the latter in HPSG, but deviate from Vallduví's work in adopting Hendriks & Dekker's (1996) revised definition of linkhood that relies on non-monotone anaphora. From an empirical point of view, our approach directly accounts for the invariable association of Clitic Left Dislocated NPs with wide scope readings, as well as a number of systematic differences in felicity conditions between Clitic Left Dislocation and other apparently related phenomena (Topicalization and Clitic Doubling). From a theoretical perspective, our analysis departs from syntax-based notions of topichood or discourse-linking and supports a definition that unifies linkhood with other anaphora phenomena. As such, it arguably overcomes previously noted problems for Vallduví's treatment of links as the current-locus-of-update in a Heim-style file-card system.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA KITAB KUNING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA ARAB

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Almannah Wassalwa ◽  
Anisatul Mardiyah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Data Value ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Speaking Skills

This research is The Effect of Reading Ability (Mastery) Kitab Kuning on Arabic speaking skills in Ma'had Aly Marhalah Ula women's class. In this study, the researcher aims to determine whether or not there is an effect on reading ability in speaking Arabic. This research method uses quantitative research methods. From the results of calculations combined with the literature review, the ability to read the yellow book affects speaking skills in Arabic can be seen by it, both from a theoretical and empirical point of view. The results of the calculated data value were obtained by the number 0.416 after being consulted into the moving value coefficient between 0.400 - 0.599, which showed that it has a moderate category.

scholarly journals Strategic Aspect of Knowledge Management

Organizacija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olja Arsenijević ◽  
Dragan Trivan ◽  
Iztok Podbregar ◽  
Polona Šprajc
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tacit Knowledge Management

Abstract Background and Purpose: This paper analyses the strategic aspects of knowledge management in organizations in Serbia, from the theoretical and empirical point of view. In its theoretical part, the paper analyzes the latest literature in the fields of knowledge management, relations between communications strategyes and knowledge management, generations of knowledge management and organizational culture. Design/Methodology/Approach: In its empirical part, the paper deals with determining the level of knowledge management in Serbian organizations through diffrent generations of knowledge management, as well as the problem with explicit and tacit knowledge management. The hypotheses were tested using data colleted from organizatons in Serbia via questionnaire, which consisted of 50 questions to examine five key factors in knowledge management. Results: The results showed that out of 41 indicators, only eight are rated positively. Results of t-test indicate significant distinctions within factors affecting the quality of knowledge management, as well as differences in quality of explicit and tacit knowledge management, therefore they confirmed both hypotheses. Conclusion: The knowledge management projects in organizations in Serbia are initiated, as well as that belonging to the first generation of knowledge management can be defined.

Modelling mutual interactions between soil structure and soil biological communities.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tancredi Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Complex Habitat

<p>Habitat structure is a key factor controlling the structure of ecological communities. For example, complex habitat structure may increase species number, minimise competition and facilitate the retention of nutrients. Alteration and disturbance of habitat structure may thus negatively affect biodiversity. Soil is an extremely complex and highly structured environmental matrix. Soil structure, defined as a distribution of aggregate/pore space of different sizes, can thus be a major control of soil biological communities, which are for example highly structured in their size distribution. Soil organisms, however, also affect and modify soil structure, and for many organisms the soil habitat structure is thus not just a condition to which they have to adapt but, rather, an environmental feature they also affect. In this talk, I discuss all these aspects from a community ecology point of view and with an emphasis on statistical and dynamical models that soil ecologists are trying to develop to describe and predict the mutual interactions between soil structure and biological communities. I will focus on the different rates at which soil structure affects soil organisms and vice versa, to emphasise that the temporal scales at which we have to measure the two parts of this mutual feedback (i.e. soil structure -> biota vs. biota -> soil structure) are very different, and also variable in space and time. </p>

What Is a Consultative Referendum? The Democratic Legitimacy of Popular Consultations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Carlo Invernizzi Accetti ◽  
Giulia Oskian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Normative Significance ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
Elected Representatives ◽  
Conceptual Work

We examine the democratic legitimacy of popular referendums asking whether they should be understood as bypassing or complementing representative institutions. To answer this question, we focus on the distinction between legislative referendums and consultative ones, noting that even though referendums of the latter kind are by far more prevalent from an empirical point of view, their specific role in democratic decision-making remains under-theorized in the existing literature. We therefore focus on consultative referendums as a possible way of reconciling the referendum procedure with representative democracy. First, we clarify the specific conception of representative democracy that underscores our study; second, we develop the idea that consultative referendums are to be understood to specify the political mandate of elected representatives; finally, we apply the results of this conceptual work to the case of the Greek bailout and the Brexit referendums, aiming to dispel some lingering misconceptions concerning the normative implications of their results and thereby clarifying the normative significance of our theory.

scholarly journals Pore network extraction from pore space images of various porous media systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 3424-3445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixing Yi ◽  
Mian Lin ◽  
Wenbin Jiang ◽  
Zhaobin Zhang ◽  
Haishan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Media Systems

Time-lapse acoustic, transport, and NMR measurements to characterize microstructural changes of carbonate rocks during injection of CO2-rich water

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. WA169-WA179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Grombacher ◽  
Tiziana Vanorio ◽  
Yael Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Contact Stiffness ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Micritic Limestones

We investigated how changes induced in the microstructure of carbonate rocks by the injection of [Formula: see text]-rich water affect pore-network properties. In particular, we investigated from multiple perspectives the microstructural changes and types of porosity that alter the observable geophysical properties. We thereby refined our understanding of induced modification of the pore network. Our experimental protocol included a suite of time-lapse acoustic, transport, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and CT-scan images; these gave us complementary sensitivity to changes in different properties of the pore space. Induced porosity variations were smaller than in previous reported results because of chemomechanical compaction resulting from dissolution under pressure. No porosity enhancements larger than 0.8 pu were observed. Results indicated that dissolution occured primarily in the grain-coating cement and the microporosity of the micritic phase. Both caused the formation of cracklike pores around larger grains leading to a more compliant frame, causing both velocity reductions and an increased sensitivity of velocity to pressure. Chalky micritic facies exhibited velocity reductions of [Formula: see text], whereas micritic limestones, less prone to compaction and grain sliding, experienced smaller velocity reductions ([Formula: see text]). Because porosity enhancement was minimal, we hypothesized that the reductions were due to injection-induced reduction of grain-contact stiffness. Dissolution-induced compaction played an integral role also in the permeability response during injection. Compaction in pressure-sensitive chalky facies strongly counteracted the effects of dissolution, leading to negligible permeability and NMR response changes. In contrast, stiff micritic limestones with little dissolution-induced compaction exhibited larger permeability increases ([Formula: see text]). This work demonstrated the advantages of utilizing a suite of concurrent and independent measurements to build a more comprehensive interpretation of microstructure changes induced by injecting fluids that are in chemical disequilibrium with the host formation.

scholarly journals QUANTUM COSMIC CENSOR: GRAVITATION MAKES REALITY UNDECIDABLE

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (13n14) ◽  
pp. 2535-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODOLFO GAMBINI ◽  
JORGE PULLIN
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Measurement Problem ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Empirical Point

When one takes into account gravitation, the measurement of space and time cannot be carried out with infinite accuracy. When quantum mechanics is reformulated taking into account this lack of accuracy, the resolution of the measurement problem can be performed via decoherence without the usual pitfalls. The resulting theory has the same physical predictions of quantum mechanics with a reduction postulate, but is radically different, with the quantum states evolving unitarily in terms of the underlying variables. Gravitation therefore makes this worrisome situation, potentially leading to two completely different views of reality, irrelevant from an empirical point of view. It may, however, be highly relevant from a philosophical point of view.

scholarly journals ABSENT–MINDED DRIVERS IN THE LAB: TESTING GILBOA'S MODEL

2002 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFFEN HUCK ◽  
WIELAND MÜLLER
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Imperfect Recall ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Empirical Point

This note contributes to the discussion of decision problems with imperfect recall from an empirical point of view. We argue that, using standard methods of experimental economics, it is impossible to induce (or control for) absent–mindedness of subjects. Nevertheless, it is possible to test Gilboa's (1997) agent–based approach to games with imperfect recall. We implement his model of the absent–minded driver problem in an experiment and find, if subjects are repeatedly randomly rematched, strong support for the equilibrium prediction which coincides with Piccione and Rubinstein's (1997) ex ante solution of the driver's problem.

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