Transgender Representations, Identities, and Communities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Manion
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Transgender Studies ◽  
Medical Establishment ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Historic Approach

Accounts of people who crossed genders, either temporarily or for a lifetime, are well known to historians. The emerging field of transgender studies has raised a new set of questions for scholars intent on unpacking more fully the meaning of the lives of people who were never neatly contained by the categories of “man” or “woman.” A historic approach to this subject is invaluable since particular historic periods signaled significant changes in how such people were perceived and treated by institutions, including the state and the medical establishment. Another crucial axis of difference exists between dominant understandings of those who were assigned the female sex at birth and those who were assigned the male sex at birth.

Territorial Distribution of Alcohol and Drug Addictions Mortality Concerning Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic from Year 1996 to Year 2015

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.

Virtual screening attributes male biased COVID-19 mortality to predicted antiviral activity of female sex hormones

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galal Yahya ◽  
Basem Mansour ◽  
Kristina Keuper ◽  
Moataz Shaldam ◽  
Ahmed El-Baz
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Male Sex

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged pandemic leading to a state of international alert with millions of infected individuals and thousands of deaths all over the world. Analysis of statistics and epidemiological data for the pandemic outcome pinpointed a puzzling influence of human sex on the heterogeneous outcome of COVID-19, where hospital admissions and mortality were higher among males than females. Two theories explained the observed male-biased COVID-19 mortality based on either dosage of immunoregulatory genes coded in X- chromosomes or on the abundance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme two (ACE2) receptors in males than females. Objective: In our study, we propose a third scenario through virtual screening of direct antiviral effects of sex hormones. Materials & Methods: Updated screening statistics from 47 countries displaying sex-disaggregated data on COVID-19 were employed and visualized in the form of heatmaps depicting sex difference effects on statistics of cases and deaths. Molecular docking and binding simulations of investigated sex steroids against COVID-19 specific proteins were investigated. Results: Analysis of COVID-19 sex-disaggregated data confirmed that male-biased mortality and computer-aided docking found unexpected female sex hormones biased binding against key targets implicated in the life cycle of COVID-19 compared to the male sex hormone testosterone. Other investigated steroids showed promising docking scores, while the male sex hormone exhibited the lowest affinity. Conclusion: Female sex hormones virtually exhibited direct COVID-19 effect. The proposed antiviral effect of sex hormones should be considered to explain the outcomes of mortality; moreover, the fluctuation of sex hormones influences sex and personal derived-differential response to COVID-19 infection.

Controlling intimacy: Sexual scripts among men and women in prostitution

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha Järvinen ◽  
Theresa Dyrvig Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Sexual Scripts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Emotional Distance ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
And Control

Inspired by sexual scripting theory, this article analyses intimacy and control in prostitution. The authors identify two strategies for maintaining control among male and female sex sellers. The first strategy is to restrict prostitution to relationships with as much sexual reciprocity as possible. The other is to maintain sexual/emotional distance from customers – yet often acting the opposite. The article questions prevailing stereotypes about male sex sellers being more agentic and autonomous than female sex sellers, arguing that control in prostitution can be achieved (and lost) in different ways. The analysis shows how scripting theory – with its differentiation between the cultural, interpersonal and intrapsychic levels of scripting – may be used to understand variations and contradictions in prostitution experiences. The article is based on 36 qualitative interviews with men and women in escort services, clinic prostitution and prostitution in private apartments in Denmark.

GENETICS OF DIAPAUSE INDUCTION AND TERMINATION IN THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1351-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. R. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Diapause Incidence

AbstractGrowth rate, diapause incidence, and diapause intensity were different in two strains of corn borers found in southwestern Ontario. Crosses between these two strains demonstrated that growth rate was female sex linked while diapause incidence was male sex linked. The effect of these two characteristics on hybridization is discussed.

scholarly journals Spectrum of external genital anomalies in disorders of Sex Development at Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Khan ◽  
Raafea Tafweez ◽  
Areiba Haider ◽  
Muhammad Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Ambiguous Genitalia ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Mode Of Presentation ◽  
Genital Ambiguity ◽  
Male Sex

Objective: To describe the mode of presentation and frequency of external genital anomalies in disorder of sex development (DSD) Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore from January to December, 2016 on Children with DSD above 10 years of age. A detailed history and physical examination were done. Positive findings were recorded on a predesigned proforma and analyzed by SPSS 21. Karyotyping on blood samples was done to determine their genetic sex. Results: Out of 83 DSD children, 67% (n=56) were assigned a female sex at birth of which 9% (n=5) had ambiguous genitalia. Male sex at birth was given to 33% (n=27) of which 96% (n=26) had genital ambiguity. Mode of presentation other than ambiguous genitalia were delayed puberty, amenorrhea, hirsuitism, gynaecomastia, cyclic hematuria etc. Clitoromegaly was the main finding in 62.5% (n=5) and micropenis in 45% (n=9). Karyotypic sex of 56 female sex of rearing was 46XX 80% (n=45), 45X0 13% (n=7), XXX 2% (n=1) and 46 XY in 5% (n=3). Karyotypic sex of 27 male sex of rearing was 46XY in 78% (n=21), 46XX in 15% (n=4) and 47XXY in 7% (n=2). Conclusion: Disorders of sex development presented with a wide spectrum of external genital anomalies ranging from clitoromegaly in females to micropenis and hypospadias in males. There was also an extreme diversity in mode of presentation of these cases including pubertal delay, amenorrhea in females and gender confusion disorders. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2991 How to cite this:Khan S, Tafweez R, Haider A, Yaqoob M. Spectrum of external genital anomalies in disorders of Sex Development at Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):244-249. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2991 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Intimate Partner Violence in Transgender Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence and Correlates

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. e1-e14
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Peitzmeier ◽  
Mannat Malik ◽  
Shanna K. Kattari ◽  
Elliot Marrow ◽  
Rob Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Sex

Background: Transgender individuals experience unique vulnerabilities to intimate partner violence (IPV) and may experience a disproportionate IPV burden compared with cisgender (nontransgender) individuals. Objectives: To systematically review the quantitative literature on prevalence and correlates of IPV in transgender populations. Search Methods: Authors searched research databases (PubMed, CINAHL), gray literature (Google), journal tables of contents, and conference abstracts, and consulted experts in the field. Authors were contacted with data requests in cases in which transgender participants were enrolled in a study, but no disaggregated statistics were provided for this population. Selection Criteria: We included all quantitative literature published before July 2019 on prevalence and correlates of IPV victimization, perpetration, or service utilization in transgender populations. There were no restrictions by sample size, year, or location. Data Collection and Analysis: Two independent reviewers conducted screening. One reviewer conducted extraction by using a structured database, and a second reviewer checked for mistakes or omissions. We used random-effects meta-analyses to calculate relative risks (RRs) comparing the prevalence of IPV in transgender individuals and cisgender individuals in studies in which both transgender and cisgender individuals were enrolled. We also used meta-analysis to compare IPV prevalence in assigned-female-sex-at-birth and assigned-male-sex-at-birth transgender individuals and to compare physical IPV prevalence between nonbinary and binary transgender individuals in studies that enrolled both groups. Main Results: We identified 85 articles from 74 unique data sets (ntotal = 49 966 transgender participants). Across studies reporting it, the median lifetime prevalence of physical IPV was 37.5%, lifetime sexual IPV was 25.0%, past-year physical IPV was 16.7%, and past-year sexual IPV was 10.8% among transgender individuals. Compared with cisgender individuals, transgender individuals were 1.7 times more likely to experience any IPV (RR = 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 2.03), 2.2 times more likely to experience physical IPV (RR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.66, 2.88), and 2.5 times more likely to experience sexual IPV (RR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.64, 3.69). Disparities persisted when comparing to cisgender women specifically. There was no significant difference in any IPV, physical IPV, or sexual IPV prevalence between assigned-female-sex-at-birth and assigned-male-sex-at-birth individuals, nor in physical IPV prevalence between binary- and nonbinary-identified transgender individuals. IPV victimization was associated with sexual risk, substance use, and mental health burden in transgender populations. Authors’ Conclusions: Transgender individuals experience a dramatically higher prevalence of IPV victimization compared with cisgender individuals, regardless of sex assigned at birth. IPV prevalence estimates are comparably high for assigned-male-sex-at-birth and assigned-female-sex-at-birth transgender individuals, and for binary and nonbinary transgender individuals, though more research is needed. Public Health Implications: Evidence-based interventions are urgently needed to prevent and address IPV in this high-risk population with unique needs. Lack of legal protections against discrimination in employment, housing, and social services likely foster vulnerability to IPV. Transgender individuals should be explicitly included in US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations promoting IPV screening in primary care settings. Interventions at the policy level as well as the interpersonal and individual level are urgently needed to address epidemic levels of IPV in this marginalized, high-risk population.

scholarly journals THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF PROSTATIC AND VESICULAR TRANSPLANTS IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF THE EYE

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Moore ◽  
Robert H. Melchionna ◽  
S. H. Tolins ◽  
H. B. Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Alkaline Extract ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Pregnancy Urine ◽  
Male Sex

1. With a photographic method for the determination of the size of prostatic and vesicular transplants in the anterior chamber of the eye, it has been possible to follow continuously the response to an injection of a hormone. 2. The results may be briefly summarized as follows: (a) One injection of the gonadotropic substance of pregnancy urine produces a moderate increase in size; (b) subsequent injections of this same substance for a period of at least 3 months are without effect; (c) an alkaline extract of the whole anterior pituitary gland produces a similar increase; (d) all pituitary derivatives are ineffective in the castrated animal; (e) castration brings about a decrease in size that gradually loses velocity; (f) the male sex hormone produces a slight increase in intact, and a variable, at times conspicuous, increase in castrated animals; (g) the female sex hormone provokes a conspicuous increase in both intact and castrated animals; (h) the hormone of the corpus luteum has no effect; and (i) there is no evidence of synergism of the pituitary and male sex hormones nor of antagonism of the male and female sex hormones in adult rabbits.

Über die Vierfingerfurche und ihre Übergangsformen, insbesondere bei Zwillingen

1954 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmgard Tillner
Keyword(s):  
Left Hand ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Transitional Forms ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Hereditary Character ◽  
The Right

SUMMARYWe researched a total number of 3974 persons for the frequency of simian lines and all the material is based on 375 monozygotic, 360 dizygotic, 226 twins of different sex and 2045 single persons of two groups of the population. We classified the material collected into three degrees of impress of the simian line: a little form « 3 », a middle form « 2 » and the classical simian line, called form « 1 ». The form « 3 », which was more frequent to be seen than the form « 1 » and « 2 » seems to contain characteristics of « accidental » genesis without any relation to classical simian lines. That was to be found especially in the case that the little form was only on the surface of one hand. In contrast to that the form on both hands allows the deduction, that there must exist a relation to simian lines. The relations between the forms « 1 » and « 2 » are more evident than these of the little form « 3 ».The classical simian line seems to be more frequent on the left hand and with the male sex than on the right hand and with the female sex. This picture is a counterpart to the behaviour of thenar patterns.The result of the average population ist applicable to twins, too. Furthermore it was possible to show by arithmetic, that the concordant reactions of the monozygotics and the discordant reactions of the dizygotics are based on the hereditary character of simian lines and their transitional forms. There is a remarcable difference between monozygotic and dizygotic which is caused by the fact, that discordance of monozygotic is to be found in the case that one partner is one-sided affected with. Moreover the discordant forms become less frequent, if the degree of impress increases. The dizygotics are in the inverse ratio.The absolute concordance, too, that means the same degree of impress on the same hands of both partners, is more frequently to be found in the case of monozygotic than in the case of dizygotic.

scholarly journals Change in the Food Pattern and Its Effects on the Nutritional Status of the Indigenous Population Migrant Puruha (P04-045-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Socrates Pozo ◽  
Janet Gordillo ◽  
Gisella Sanclemente ◽  
Lilia Toral ◽  
Walter Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effects on the nutritional status of the migrant Puruhá indigenous by changing their food pattern. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study on the dietary habits and nutritional status. By means of convenience sampling, 230 indigenous persons were selected, 108 male and 122 female, with age over 18 years. The nutritional status was calculated using the body mass index (BMI), according to the classification of the World Health Organization. With a SECA 216 mechanical stadiometer, the height of the participant. The weight was measured on a SECA scale with an accuracy of 0.1 Kg. To determine abdominal obesity, its presence was considered if the waist circumference was greater than 90 cm in men and greater than 80 cm in women, according to the International Diabetes Federation. For the determination of food consumption, the frequency of consumption form was applied by food groups. For the statistical analysis, the data were tabulated and expressed in absolute frequencies, percentages and measures of descriptive statistics of central tendency and dispersion. The Chi square statistic was used, to determine the difference of data, with a level of significance of 5%, it was considered as statistically significant if the p value was <0.05. The results were exposed in tables and graphs using the Microsoft office excel program of Windows 10. Results The average age of the population was 46.85 + 23.99. The average body mass index was 25.56 + 3.10, and the distribution of the nutritional status was: 1% for underweight, 47% overweight, 16% obesity and 36% normal. This distribution according to gender , did not have a significant difference. The first three food groups of the population, consumes per day, and of the which obtain the highest caloric intake, were: sugary drinks and soda (male sex 350 + 7 ml; female sex 322 + 8 ml), bread and cereal ( male sex 285 + 3 g; female sex 220 + 7 g), and fruits and vegetables ( male sex 210 + 6 g; female sex 195 + 5 g).A higher percentage of overweight and obesity was found in indigenous migrants, in relation to non-migrants, a difference that was significant (p:0.003). Conclusions The population has a high frequency of overweight and obesity. In addition, the high incidence of abdominal obesity, found places them at risk for the development of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular. Funding Sources Not applicable. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document