‘Enigmatic Images from Remote Prehistory’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Meirion Jones ◽  
Marta Díaz-Guardamino
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Ontological Priority ◽  
Art Analysis

This chapter explores questions of ontology in rock art analysis. More specifically, it argues that the distinction between ‘informed’ methods and ‘formal’ methods reproduces some problematic dichotomies, such as the distinction between active subjects and inert objects, culture and nature, and a conceptualization of meaning as being external to the art itself. The chapter proposes a move away from such an ontologically hierarchical approach to rock art analysis to a relational approach in which there is no ontological priority between the different elements that make up the rock art assemblage. It emphasizes that placing formal methods at the heart of rock art studies, alongside analogy, shifts the questions we ask of rock art away from simple epistemologically derived enquiries to ontological questions. To illustrate this the chapter examines case studies of parietal art of the European Palaeolithic and Comanche rock art in North America.

Sympathetic Magic in Western North American Rock Art

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Keyser ◽  
David S. Whitley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Related Concept ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Sympathetic Magic ◽  
Columbia Plateau ◽  
Origin Function ◽  
And Function

Much rock art worldwide was traditionally interpreted in terms of “hunting magic,” in part based on the related concept of “sympathetic magic” In the last forty years, these interpretations were disproven in many regions and now are largely ignored as potential explanations for the origin and function of the art. In certain cases this may be premature. Examination of the ethnographic and archaeological evidence from western North America supports the origin of some art in sympathetic magic (often related to sorcery) in both California and the Plains and provides a case for hunting magic as one of a series of ritual reasons for making rock art in the Columbia Plateau. Both case studies emphasize the potential diversity in origin, function, and symbolism of shamanistic rock art.

A case study review of wood ash land application programs in North America

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
ILICH LAMA ◽  
DEREK SAIN
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Agricultural Application ◽  
Application Programs

Several regulatory agencies and universities have published guidelines addressing the use of wood ash as liming material for agricultural land and as a soil amendment and fertilizer. This paper summarizes the experiences collected from several forest products facility-sponsored agricultural application programs across North America. These case studies are characterized in terms of the quality of the wood ash involved in the agricultural application, approval requirements, recommended management practices, agricultural benefits of wood ash, and challenges confronted by ash generators and farmers during storage, handling, and land application of wood ash. Reported benefits associated with land-applying wood ash include increasing the pH of acidic soils, improving soil quality, and increasing crop yields. Farmers apply wood ash on their land because in addition to its liming value, it has been shown to effectively fertilize the soil while maintaining soil pH at a level that is optimal for plant growth. Given the content of calcium, potassium, and magnesium that wood ash supplies to the soil, wood ash also improves soil tilth. Wood ash has also proven to be a cost-effective alternative to agricultural lime, especially in rural areas where access to commercial agricultural lime is limited. Some of the challenges identified in the review of case studies include lengthy application approvals in some jurisdictions; weather-related issues associated with delivery, storage, and application of wood ash; maintaining consistent ash quality; inaccurate assessment of required ash testing; potential increased equipment maintenance; and misconceptions on the part of some farmers and government agencies regarding the effect and efficacy of wood ash on soil quality and crop productivity.

Does Civil Society Matter? Governance in Contemporary India

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
Reeta Chowdhari Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
North America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
The North ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization

Does Civil Society Matter? Governance in Contemporary India, Rajesh Tandon and Ranjita Mohanty, eds., New Delhi: Thousand Oaks, London: Sage Publications, 2003, pp. 363.In the last decade in North America, there has been an explosion of books on the subject of civil society. Like so many other concepts in contemporary political science, the notion of civil society has been imported to analyze other polities outside the North American hemisphere, and India is no exception. However, Tandon and Mohanty's edited book presents a fresh perspective by combining academic analysis with that of on-the-ground practitioners to examine the relationship between civil society and governance. The book is divided into two parts: the first deals with the theoretical conceptualization of civil society and the second with actual case studies.

An accessible, agile and low‐cost workflow for 3D virtual analysis and automatic vector tracing of engravings: Atlantic rock art analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Mariluz Gil‐Docampo ◽  
Simón Peña‐Villasenín ◽  
Juan Ortiz‐Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Virtual Analysis ◽  
Art Analysis

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPALES DE IMÁGENES MULTIESPECTRALES EN EL ÁMBITO DEL ARTE RUPESTRE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Carrión-Ruiz ◽  
José Luis Lerma
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Behaviour ◽  
Near Infrared Region ◽  
Art Analysis

This paper tackles principal component analysis (PCA) in images that include wavelengths between 380-1000 nm. Our approach is focussed on taking advantage of the potencial of ultraviolet and infrarred images, in combination with the visible ones, to improve documentation process and rock art analysis. In this way, we want to improve the discrimination between pigment and support rock, and analyse the spectral behaviour of rock art paintings in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. Three images were used, one image from the ultraviolet (UV) region, one from the visible region (VIS) and another one from the near infrared region (NIR). Optical filters coupled to the camera optics were used to take the images. These filters capture specific wavelengths excluding radiation that we are not interested in registering. Finally, PCA is applied to the acquired images. The results obtained demonstrate the PCA usefulness with imagery in this field and also it is possible to extract some conclusions about the correspondent paint pigments.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6597

scholarly journals Rock Art at Kel Lein Site, Kaimear Islands, Maluku

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lucas Wattimena ◽  
Marlyn J Salhuteru ◽  
Godlief A Peseletehaha
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Data Recording ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kei Islands ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Migration Pathways

Situs Kel Lein di Pulau Kaimear, Kepulauan Kei, adalah salah satu situs gambar cadas yang baru ditemukan. Situs ini dilaporkan pada 2018 dan dilanjutkan dengan perekaman data intensif pada tahun berikutnya. Berbagai motif seni cadas yang tersebar di sepanjang teras, dinding, dan atap ceruk gua dibagi menjadi tujuh panel. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan dari survei lapangan pada tahun 2018, ditambah data terbaru yang diperoleh pada tahun 2019. Analisis gambar cadas dibagi menjadi beberapa panel di dalam ceruk, terdiri dari tujuh panel. Penelitian ini mencatat 488 motif, yang dikelompokkan menjadi motif figur manusia atau antropomorfik, perahu, alat batu, cap tangan (negatif), jejak kaki, geometris, lingkaran, garis vertikal dan horizontal, wajah atau topeng manusia, ayam atau hewan, tempayan (tembikar), jaring ikan, matahari, bulan, dan panah. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak motif gambar cadas di Situs Kel Lein mengandung berbagai makna. Salah satunya adalah aktivitas manusia yang digambarkan dalam bentuk figuratif. Keragaman motif di Situs Kel Lein menempatkan situs ini pada posisi penting dalam kajian jalur migrasi manusia. Diperkirakan situs ini adalah salah satu lokasi yang cukup ramai disinggahi pada masa lalu. The Kel Lein Site in Kaimear Island, Kei Islands, is a recently discovered rock art site. This site was reported in 2018 and continued with intensive data recording the following year. Various rock art motifs scattered along the terrace, walls, and roof of the niche are divided into seven panels. The approach in this research uses descriptive qualitative. The data collected from a field survey in 2018, plus the latest data obtained in 2019. The rock art analysis is divided into several panels inside the niche, comprising seven panels. This research recorded 488 motifs, grouped into human or anthropomorphic figure, boats, stone tools, hand stencils (negative), footprints, geometric, circles, vertical and horizontal lines, human faces or masks, chickens, jars (pottery), fishing nets, sun, moon, and arrowheads. This research shows that many rock art motifs on the Kel Lein Site show various purposes. One of which is human activity depicted in a figurative form. The diversity of motifs at the Kel Lein Site places this site in a vital position in studying human migration pathways. It is estimated that this site is one of the most visited posts in the past.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cultural Aspects on Building the Smart City Approach: Managing Diversity in Europe (London), North America (New York) and Asia (Singapore)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9463
Author(s):  
Dominika Šulyová ◽  
Josef Vodák
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Impact

One of the main motives for creating this article was to explore the importance of cultural aspects in building smart city approaches. The aim of this article was to obtain answers to three research questions, the answers to which made it possible to identify the elements of multiculturalism that affect the development of smart cities, to find out how multiculturalism affects smart cities and how to manage diversity. The ambition was to create and organize the most important findings into a comprehensive framework. To achieve this goal, secondary analysis methods were used by examining the literature and case studies of best practices from Europe, North America, and Asia. The choice of case studies was conditioned by the placement of smart cities in four global indices (smart city index, Arcadis, IESE and global power index), the existence of a multicultural strategy and elements of successful diversity management, including positive effects and possible limitations. In addition, methods of analysis, comparison and summarization were used. Effective diversity management acts as an accelerator of the sustainable development of smart cities. The results of the analysis of the case studies serve as a basis for recommendations and the creation of a proposed general model, whose task is to simplify the adoption of intelligent concepts, which creates space for the specification of local or cultural conditions of the country. Testing the model in practice is the subject of the following research activities of the authors.

Nurturing and Balancing the World: A Relational Approach to Rock Art and Technology from North Central Chile (Southern Andes)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Troncoso ◽  
Felipe Armstrong ◽  
Francisco Vergara ◽  
Francisca Ivanovic ◽  
Paula Urzúa
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Technological Style ◽  
Art And Technology ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthropology Of Technology ◽  
The World

Technology has been a central theme in archaeological discussion. Different approaches have been developed in order to understand and better explain the processes that lead to the production of objects and things. The anthropology of technology has been one such effort, with its focus on technological style and the chaîne opératoire. In this paper we argue that, despite their many contributions, these approaches tend to isolate the process of production, as well as to see it as the imposition of culture over nature. Instead, we propose a relational approach to technology, one that considers the multiple participants in the social actions involved, stressing the affective qualities of the different entities participating in the process of making. We focus this discussion on the production process of rock art in North Central Chile by Diaguita communities (c. ad 1000–c. 1540), arguing that making petroglyphs was a central activity that aimed at the balancing of the world and its participants, creating a mediating space that facilitated connectedness between the multiple members of the Diaguita world, humans and other-than-humans.

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