Market Demand, Consumer Characteristics, and Innovation in Chinese Firms

2021 ◽  
pp. 572-592
Author(s):  
Hengyuan Zhu ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Strategic Impact ◽  
And Performance

Market demand is an important force to shape innovations, especially in a latecomer economy with a huge population like China. Drawing on the demand-side perspective on innovation (DSPI), this chapter investigates the market demand and consumer characteristics in China and their strategic impact on firms’ innovation activities and performance. This chapter stresses the importance of a demand-side approach for studying innovation in China and explores the characteristics of market demand and the interaction with innovation in the context of the past forty years of rapid economic growth and technological advancements. Managerial and policy implementation of market demand on innovation are also discussed.

The structure and changes of China’s land system

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Shouying
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Land System ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the structure and changes of China’s land system. To achieve this aim, the paper is divided into four parts. The first part gives a brief introduction to the structural characteristics of the Chinese land institutional arrangements; the second part analyzes the reform process of the land system in the past 40 years and its path of change; the third part engages the discussion about the historic contribution made by the land institutional change to rapid economic growth and structural changes; and the final part is conclusion and some policy implications. Design/methodology/approach After 40 years of reforms and opening up, China has not only created a growth miracle unparalleled for any major country in human history, but also transformed itself from a rural to an urban society. Behind this great transformation is a systemic reform in land institutions. Rural land institutions went from collectively owned to household responsibility system, thereby protecting farmers’ land rights. This process resulted in long-term sustainable growth in China’s agriculture, a massive rural-urban migration and a historical agricultural transformation. The conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses and the introduction of market mechanisms made land a policy tool in driving high economic growth, industrialization and urbanization. Findings Research shows that the role of land and its relationship with the economy will inevitably change as China’s economy enters a new stage of medium-to-high speed growth. With economic restructuring, low-cost industrial land will be less effective. Urbanization is also shifting from rapid expansion to endogenous growth so that returns on land capitalization will decrease and risks will increase. Therefore, China must abandon land-dependent growth model through deepening land reforms and adapt a new pattern of economic development. Originality/value This paper gives a brief introduction to the structural characteristics of the Chinese land institutional arrangements, analyzes the reform process of the land system in the past 40 years and its path of change, and evaluates the historic contribution made by the land institutional change to rapid economic growth and structural changes.

Technological Innovation in China's Recent Industrialization

1984 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The intimate, though as yet imperfectly understood, causal relation-ship between scientific and technological development and the economic growth in industrially advanced countries over the past 30 years has been investigated and refined over a number of years, and attempts have been made to quantify the relationship. Although a strong scientific and technological (S & T) base does not by itself guarantee rapid economic growth, most observers consider it to be a necessary prerequisite, after a certain level of development has been reached. One of the main ways that S & T act on the economic system is by the generation of new knowledge through research activities and the application of this in production. Such application often results in new products and processes which are grouped under the term “technological innovations.” The innovation process is usually defined as “the technical, industrial and commercial steps which lead to the successful marketing of new manufactured products and/or to the commercial use of technically new processes or equipment.”

Melanin on the Margins: Advertising and the Cultural Politics of Fair/Light/White Beauty in India

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Parameswaran ◽  
Kavitha Cardoza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Television Commercials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Skin Lightening

The recent commercial boom in women's skin-lightening or “fairness” cosmetics in India is part of the larger context of escalating lifestyle consumerism in Asia's emerging market nations. This monograph examines the cultural politics of gender, nation, beauty and skin color in the persuasive narratives of Indian magazine advertisements and television commercials for fairness cosmetics and personal care products. We situate advertising's compact stories of ideal femininity within the sociology of colorism's transnational links to hierarchies of race, gender, caste, ethnicity and class and the rapid economic growth in the skin-lightening cosmetics sector in India over the past decade. Deconstructing advertising's visual and linguistic fields of meaning, our analysis dissects the rhetorical themes of bodily and personal transformation, modern and traditional science, and heterosexual romance that operate together to inflate the currency of light-skinned beauty. In conclusion, we outline recent challenges to the hegemony of colorism in India and suggest directions for future research that can build on this monograph's scrutiny of advertising's regulatory regimes of beauty.

The Situation of the Epidemiology and Management of Obesity in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Adults And Children

Obesity and overweight have become one of the most concerning health problems in Japan. Japan has been keeping the longest life expectancy in the last decade after the very rapid economic growth. However, the increases in chronic degenerative diseases that are partly due to over-nutrition and obesity will be a large burden in an aging society [1]. Also in Japan, the increase of obese and overweight population is not only due to over eating but also to less exercise and daily activities. In this paper, the situation of the obese and overweight people and the trends of obesity from 1947 to 2000 in adults and children as well as the food intake tendencies during the past 50 years are summarized [2].

scholarly journals Inequality in China – Trends, Drivers and Policy Remedies

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (127) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Jain-Chandra ◽  
Niny Khor ◽  
Rui Mano ◽  
Johanna Schauer ◽  
Philippe Wingender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

China has experienced rapid economic growth over the past two decades and is on the brink of eradicating poverty. However, income inequality increased sharply from the early 1980s and rendered China among the most unequal countries in the world. This trend has started to reverse as China has experienced a modest decline in inequality since 2008. This paper identifies various drivers behind these trends – including structural changes such as urbanization and aging and, more recently, policy initiatives to combat it. It finds that policies will need to play an important role in curbing inequality in the future, as projected structural trends will put further strain on equity considerations. In particular, fiscal policy reforms have the potential to enhance inclusiveness and equity, both on the tax and expenditure side.

The Theme to Be Explored

1950 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Carter Goodrich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

The tenth annual meeting of the Economic History Association was devoted to the roles of government and business enterprise in the promotion of economic development. The question was applied to cases of rapid economic growth in the past—the creation of oceanic commerce, the building of the American railroads, the rise of modern industry—and to current attempts to promote the recovery of western Europe and the economic progress of the underdeveloped countries.

Tax Policy and Economic Growth: Lessons From the 1980s

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Boskin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
National Debt ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
And Performance

The past seven years of U.S. economic policy and performance constitute a truly remarkable, if confusing, experiment. Few would have guessed in 1980 that inflation would fall rapidly to 4 percent and hold pretty steady during a lengthy recovery; that productivity growth would partially rebound, the national debt more than double, capital imports reach $150 billion in a single year; or that employment would continue to expand at rates envied by other advanced economies. Perhaps fewer still would have predicted two major and two minor tax reforms would be passed in six years, a flip-flop in depreciation schedules, and a top personal tax rate below 30 percent. While it is always easier to draw inferences concerning economic growth, its determinants, and policies affecting the determinants with long historical hindsight, this paper will attempt to provide information, evaluation, and conjecture to draw some tentative lessons about the effects of tax policies in the 1980s on long-run economic growth.

scholarly journals The Experience of Trade Liberalisation in Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 661-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashfaque H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trade And Growth

Trade policies in developing countries have been at the centre-stage of analysis for the past several decades. The desire for rapid economic growth in developing countries raised many question about the relationship between trade and growth [Krueger (1997a)]. It is, by now, well-established that there exists a strong positive relationship between export growth and overall economic growth in general and manufactured export growth and overall economic growth in particular.1 Those countries that have been most successful in expanding their manufactured exports have not only achieved higher economic growth but also succeeded in alleviating poverty? This has indeed been the case in East Asia [ADB (1997)]. The core question therefore is: which trade strategies have enabled countries to expand exports in general and manufactured exports in particular?

The Ivory Coast Economic ‘Miracle’: What Benefits for Peasant Farmers?

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Peasant Farmers

The pattern of rapid economic growth in the Ivory Coast since the early 1950s has been frequently described with some hyperbole, by foreign experts and Ivorian politicians, as an economic ‘miracle’. While most African nations, with the exception of the oil-exporters, have taken a rough ride on the economic roller-coaster during the past two decades, and while some like Guinea, Ghana, and Uganda, have followed a steadily downward trajectory, the economic fortunes of the Ivory Coast have improved consistently.

Why Nations Fail: Managerial Decisions and Performance in Indian Cotton Textiles, 1890–1938

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wolcott ◽  
Gregory Clark
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
And Performance

Between 1890 and 1938 Japan experienced rapid economic growth. India stagnated. This national divergence was reflected in the performance of both countries' leading modern industiy, cotton textiles. The parallels between national and industry performance suggest the problems of the Indian textile industry may have been those of India as a whole. Weak management is widely blamed for poor performance in textiles. An analysis of managerial decisions in Bombay shows, however, that on all measurable dimensions Indian managers performed as well as they could. The problem instead was one factor they could not change—the effort levels of Indian workers.

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