The Cyber Domains

2019 ◽  
pp. 717-739
Author(s):  
Robert Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Work Roles ◽  
Detection Software ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

In this chapter, the historical and continuing evolution of the cyber domains, and how current research in cyber expertise can be operationalized, are described. Research into cyber expertise is in its infancy; in fact, there is no clear definition of what constitutes cyber expertise or how it may be unique when compared to other technical fields. The work roles of cyber operators are described and results from cognitive task analyses of their workplace are reviewed. The chapter then reviews several paradigms in detail including experiments using simulated intrusion detection software to study different levels of expertise and how information is shared between multiple teammates in these environments. Finally, some candidate topics for future research are presented, including the use of realistic synthetic environments to study cyber operations with more ecological validity.

scholarly journals Language attrition: mechanisms of occurrence, features of study and prospects for further research

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
A.S. Malyshevskaya ◽  
F. Gallо ◽  
B. Bermudez-Margaretto ◽  
Yu.Yu. Shtyrov ◽  
T.D. Chitaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language Attrition ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Working Hypotheses ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Existing Data

This theoretical review clarifies the concept of "language attrition " by defining the phenomenological and contextual features of its utilization, discussing the definition of contradictions, and suggesting potential directions for future research. Taking into account existing data, we regard the existing approaches to language attrition and analyze the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon. This analysis seems to be the first step in building up an integral theoretical model summarizing the available empirical data. It helps to apply a neurobiological approach, allowing to identify neural markers of language attrition at different levels of language processing and within different language categories. To this end, we propose specific experimental approaches to recording neural traces of attrition and formulate working hypotheses based on proposed experimental paradigms.

Mobile Phone Addiction

2015 ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Leung ◽  
Jingwen Liang
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Mobile Phone Addiction ◽  
Psychosocial Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

This article reviews the literature on mobile phone addiction, the excessive use of mobile phone technology, which is an impulse control disorder with negative social and psychological consequences. It provides a clear definition of mobile phone addiction, along with its theoretical origin, diagnostic criteria for assessment, and an identification of the symptoms and consequences of addictive behavior. More importantly, it summarizes key predictors of this addictive behavior from a psychosocial perspective. The article also points out potential relationships between mobile phone addiction and other social behaviors. Finally, it discusses limitations of the assessment criteria for mobile phone addiction and makes suggestions for future research.

Political Corruption in America: A Search for Definitions and a Theory, or If Political Corruption Is in the Mainstream of American Politics Why Is It Not in the Mainstream of American Politics Research?

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 974-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Peters ◽  
Susan Welch
Keyword(s):  
American Politics ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
State Legislators ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
The Public ◽  
Definition Of

Lack of a clear definition of political corruption has limited its systematic study by analysts of American politics. This article offers a conceptual framework with which to view corruption. A corrupt act is categorized by its four components: the donor, the favor, the public official and the payoff. For each component, propositions about perceived corrupt and noncorrupt elements can be formulated and tested. The usefulness of this scheme in analyzing attitudes about corruption is demonstrated with data from state legislators. Finally, the article suggests some future research possibilities using this scheme to compare elites and public or other groupings in the political system.

scholarly journals Organizational Adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sarta ◽  
Rodolphe Durand ◽  
Jean-Philippe Vergne
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Change ◽  
Organizational Adaptation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Observable Actions ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

Organizational adaptation is equivocal. On the one hand, the concept is ubiquitous in management research and acts as the glue binding together the central issues of organizational change, performance, and survival. On the other hand, it lurks around in various guises (e.g., “fit,” “alignment,” “congruence,” and “strategic change”) studied from multiple theoretical streams (e.g., behavioral, resource based, and institutional) and at different levels of analysis (e.g., organization and industry levels). In a novel approach to reviewing 443 adaptation articles that leverages both computational and hand-coded analysis, we produce an interactive visual of the themes most studied by adaptation scholars. We inductively draw out a definition of adaptation as intentional decision making undertaken by organizational members, leading to observable actions that aim to reduce the distance between an organization and its economic and institutional environments. We then review the literature across three main areas of inquiry and six theoretical perspectives that surfaced from our analysis and identify 11 difficulties that have hampered adaptation research in the past 50 years. Our review suggests ways to address these difficulties to enable future research to develop and cumulate.

On Definitions of the Learning Organization: Toward a New Definition of Learning Organization

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
Hong T. M. Bui
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Learning Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Uncertain Environment ◽  
Systems Learning ◽  
Definition Of

Despite a large body of literature on learning organization, a clear definition of learning organization has proved to be elusive over the years. This chapter critically reviews several “mainstream” as well as less frequent definitions to develop a broader understanding of the conceptualization of learning organization. As a result of the analysis, a comprehensive definition of learning organization is developed for future use. A learning organization is an organization in which a supportive learning culture and structure are strong enough to enable learning mindsets and systems learning across the organization to constantly transform and innovate itself for sustainable development in a complex and uncertain environment. At the same time, this chapter indicates possible venues for future research in the learning organization field.

The Emergence and Maintenance of Ethical Leadership in Organizations

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Astrid Eisenbeiß ◽  
Steffen R. Giessner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Group Influence ◽  
Analysis Society ◽  
Different Levels

The present paper gives a review of empirical research on ethical leadership and shows that still little is known known about the contextual antecedents of ethical leadership. To address this important issue, a conceptual framework is developed that analyzes the embeddedness of organizational ethical leadership. This framework identifies manifest and latent contextual factors on three different levels of analysis – society, industry, and organization – which can affect the development and maintenance of ethical leadership. In particular, propositions are offered about how (1) societal characteristics, notably the implementation and the spirit of human rights in a society and societal cultural values of responsibility, justice, humanity, and transparency; (2) industry characteristics such as environmental complexity, the content of the organizational mandate, and the interests of stakeholder networks; and (3) intra-organizational characteristics, including the organizational ethical infrastructure and the ethical leadership behavior of a leader’s peer group, influence the development and maintenance of ethical leadership in organizations. This list of factors is not exhaustive, but illustrates how the three levels may impact ethical leadership. Implications for managerial practice and future research are discussed.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

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