The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics

The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics offers a comprehensive analysis of Nigeria’s very rich history and ever-changing politics to its readers. It provides a deep understanding of Nigeria’s sociopolitical evolution and experience by covering a broad range of political issues and historical eras. The volume encompasses forty-four chapters organized thematically into essays covering history, political institutions, civil society, economic and social policy, identity and insecurity, and Nigeria in a globalized world. By identifying many of the classic debates in Nigerian politics, the chapters serve as an authoritative introduction to Africa’s most populous country. The chapters are interdisciplinary, introducing readers to classic debates and key research on Nigeria, as well as new methodologies, new data, and a compelling corpus of research questions for the next generation of researchers and readers interested in Africa.

Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Monaco

Taiwan is a country with a rich history and cultural ties to mainland China. Though there has been much research and effort dedicated to propaganda and censorship in the People’s Republic of China over the years, less attention has been paid to the digital propaganda sphere in Taiwan. This report explores computational propaganda in Taiwan and finds that digital propaganda in Taiwan can be divided into two types: (1) internal propaganda on domestic political issues and campaigns, and (2) cross-Strait propaganda—emanating from the mainland and promoting reunification of the two countries. Furthermore, recent computational and social research points to manual propaganda being the main method used in campaigns in both countries. The use of two political bots in Taiwan, an anti-fake news bot and an intelligence-gathering crawler bot used in a 2014 electoral campaign, is explored in detail.


2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena W. Morrison ◽  
Charles A. Downs

Scientists and clinicians frequently use immunological methods (IMs) to investigate complex biological phenomena. Commonly used IMs include immunocytochemistry (IC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Each of these methodologies exploits a common principle in IMs —the binding of an antibody to its antigen. Scientists continue to develop new methodologies, such as high-throughput immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in vivo imaging techniques, which exploit antibody—antigen binding, to more accurately answer complex research questions involving single cells up to whole organ systems. The purpose of this paper is to discuss established and evolving IMs and to illustrate the application of these methods to nursing research.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Skerrett

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the case of a school on the Caribbean island of Sint Maarten that was created to serve students who had experienced educational and other injustices in the broader society. Design/methodology/approach Using qualitative methods, the paper explores two research questions: how did Triumph Multiage School (TMS) conceptualize community and the goals of education, and how did these perspectives reflect or diverge from those of the local, national, and global educational communities to which TMS was connected? What was the nature of curriculum knowledge at TMS, and what points of alignment and difference existed among TMS’ curriculum knowledge and those of its local, national, and global educational communities? Findings Analysis found points of symmetry and disjunctures among TMS’ conceptualization of community, purposes of education, and curriculum and those of the local, national, and global educational communities to which it was connected. However the strength of ideological and sociopolitical boundaries separating TMS and its local and national communities constrained opportunities for building professional community and curriculum knowledge across them. Originality/value The paper contributes to research on the creation of new schools and teacher professional communities by demonstrating the need to expand the construct of community to include local and trans-global dimensions. Such a reconceptualization of community is essential for building professional capital and community that will equip schools and teachers to meet the social and educational needs of student populations in a globalized world.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Ricci

For over a century, the Venice Biennale and its national pavilions have served as a platform for international artistic display. Despite the fact that national representation has been a pivotal aspect of the Biennale since the first pavilion was built in 1907, there is a lack of deep understanding of the nature of this model. The purpose of this article is to offer an historical account of the conceptual and material predicament of national representation at the Venice Biennale. The focus is directed mainly at the introduction in 1993 of a more transnational approach in the context of an increasingly interconnected and globalized world.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Andrianna Roma

The culture of ancient Rome is impressive with its uniqueness, so scholars have always been interested in it. In ancient societies religious component always plays a great role, so studying it becomes key in understanding the depth of human feelings. The ancient perception of the world is clearly represented in mythology, the first type of human consciousness, whose reflections manifest itself in all the following stages of human development. The article seeks to identify the mythological components in Roman paganism tradition that facilitates deep understanding of the religion of ancient Rome. At the same time, the cornerstone of the study is the relationship between the religious and the human—what role in the process of social and cultural transformations the religious component played, how deeply mythological components intertwined with religious doctrine, what was the nature of the relationship of the Romans with their gods, and how the features of mentality transformed universal human aspirations as seen by the ancient Romans. A comprehensive analysis of this issue opens up further prospects for research, which can be considered a broader layer of the culture of ancient Rome.


Author(s):  
К.В. Алексеев

В статье анализируется отношение к крепостному праву как социально-политической проблеме в произведениях Я. П. Полонского «Свежее преданье» (включая план ненаписанных глав), «Признания Сергея Чалыгина» и «Дешевый город». Рассматриваются герои трех романов, с помощью которых писатель рисует правдивую картину жизни русского общества в 1820-е, 1840-е и 1850-е годы, а также показывает существовавшие в обществе позиции по отношению к крепостному праву. Через некоторых героев автор транслирует свое собственное мнение по поводу крепостной зависимости крестьян: рассказчик, Камков, Лора, Ульяна Ивановна, князь Таптыгин, баронесса («Свежее преданье»); Сергей Чалыгин, его мать, Кремнев («Признания Сергея Чалыгина»); Елатомский, Эвина, Бавин («Дешевый город»). Выделяются следующие аспекты трактовки Полонским проблемы крепостного права: протест против крепостного права неразрывно связан с идеями свободы и равноправия, при этом свобода понимается писателем не как проявление абсолютной воли человека, а как ответственное отношение к интересам общества и других людей; в среде либерально настроенной интеллигенции (особенно в 1850-е годы), как показывает писатель, существовало противоречие, заключающееся в расхождении слов и жизни за счет труда крепостных крестьян; неоднозначное отношение самих крестьян к возможному освобождению от крепостной зависимости ставит вопрос о готовности землепашцев принять свободу. Отмечается, что наиболее либеральные и демократические установки персонажей произведений совпадают с авторским мировоззрением. Делается вывод о том, что в исследуемых романах Я. П. Полонский пропагандирует идеи свободы, выступает против крепостного права, а также правдиво передает распространенные в русском обществе в 1820–1850-х годах настроения в контексте данной проблемы. Рассмотрение Полонским социально-политических проблем при этом отличается оригинальностью: писатель вкрапляет в ткань произведений диалоги, небольшие лаконичные зарисовки, краткие рассуждения, касающиеся вопросов политики, в частности крепостного права, и только целостный анализ текста позволяет понять позицию автора. The article analyzes J. P. Polonsky’s attitude to serfdom as a social and political problem through the prism of Polonsky’s novels “A Lovely Promise” (including the unwritten chapters), “Sergey Chalygin’s Confessions” and “A Cheap City”. The article focuses on the characters of the three novels whose images help the writer to depict the life of Russian society in the 1820s, the 1840s, and the 1850s, as well as to render social attitudes to serfdom. Some of the characters function as the author’s mouthpiece, showing Polonsky’s attitude to serfdom. These characters are the narrator, Kamkov, Lora, Ulyana Ivanovna, count Taptygin, the baroness (“A Lovely Promise”), Sergey Chalygin, his mother, Kremnev (“Sergey Chalygin’s Confessions”), Elatomsky, Evina, Bavin (“A Cheap City”). The article highlights the following aspects of Polonsky’s attitude to serfdom: serfdom is a monstrous practice which robs a person of their innate right to freedom and equality. The writer doesn’t treat freedom as manifestation of free will, but as recognition and respect for others. Polonsky underlines the discrepancy between liberal ideas expressed by representatives of intelligentsia and their acceptance of serfdom, he highlightes that peasants treated emancipation differently and sometimes they were not willing to accept freedom. The article maintains that Polonsky’s characters’ liberal and democratic ideas reflect the writers’ worldview. The author of the article concludes that in the aforementioned novels, J. P. Polonsky propagates freedom, censures serfdom, describes social attitudes to serfdom prevalent in Russian society in the 1820s–1850s. Polonsky’s treatment of social and political problems is strikingly unique. The writer’s ideas and attitudes can only be uncovered through close reading, through comprehensive analysis of the characters’ dialogues and short sketches on political issues.


Author(s):  
Ran Wei ◽  
Larry Zhiming Xu

The ongoing revolution in information and communication technologies (ICTs) has fundamentally transformed the landscape of democracy and the way people engage in politics. From the configuration of media systems to the decision-making of the voting public, the changes have permeated through almost every level of society, affecting political institutions, political actors, citizen groups, and mass media. For each aspect, a synopsis of classical and emergent political communication theories, contemporary and contentious political issues, and cutting-edge research adds to the discussion of new media. The discussion is unfolded with an account of research of new media effects on politics in international setting and cross-cultural contexts with insights of how Western theories and research apply (or fail to) in international contexts.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Salvador

In this article, I present a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed research articles published in English between 2000 and 2017 regarding active music making in early childhood (EC) educational settings. My specific research questions were: who was making music? Who else was present? What did the children and other persons do? In what kinds of educational settings did the music making take place? How did the researchers frame and design their studies, and how did they collect data? What did the researcher(s) seek to understand? What did the researchers find? The results of this review challenge the EC music education profession to support every child’s right to a musical childhood by telling the whole story, communicating across places and communities of practice and understanding teaching and learning as contextual, varied and nuanced.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 160940691882502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sandro Gomes Pessoa ◽  
Erin Harper ◽  
Isabela Samogim Santos ◽  
Marina Carvalho da Silva Gracino

It is usual that researchers, in the process of transcribing interviews or even during data analysis, realize that important issues were superficially mentioned by the interviewees, but for several possible reasons, these topics were not explored by the researcher in-depth or properly. It is also common during the interview to not realize that certain content evoked by the participants are connected to the research questions that originated the study. Similarly, some content brought in by the interviewees may seem confusing, contradictory, or even insufficient to be subjected to protocols of qualitative data analysis. This article aims to present a technique that allows researchers to have a deeper and more accurate understanding of the subjective topics that may emerge through a qualitative approach: the reflexive interview. This technique consists of the engagement of the interviewer and interviewee in the process of elaboration and collective understanding of the interviewee’s perspectives and experiences. Rather than only reporting their experiences descriptively, interviewees, with the support of interviewers, have the opportunity to share the meanings of the reality surrounding them and the events of their own lives, without being interpreted arbitrarily only by the interviewer. This article intends to conceptualize the reflexive interview, pointing out its benefits and the procedures necessary to employ it in a qualitative study. Two case studies are presented to the reader to illustrate the reflexivity processes that can engage participants through this resource, as well as how reflexive interviewing promotes a deep understanding of participants’ perspectives. Finally, general recommendations are provided, including examples of questions that can compose a script of a reflexive interview. It is hoped that this article provides a new resource for researchers interested in more accurately embodying participants’ perspectives and experiences.


Author(s):  
Tongdong Bai

This chapter argues that early Confucians were revolutionaries with a conservative facade. According to this “progressive” reading, they tried to solve issues of modernity not by rejecting modernity but by embracing it, although some of their locutions seem to resonate with those widely used in the “good old days,” and they were not as resolute as thinkers from some other schools. Moreover, not accepting early Confucianism as a moral metaphysics, the chapter also rejects the reading that early Confucians tried to solve political issues by improving on people’s morals alone. Rather, the premise of its reading is that they apprehended the political concerns as primary and the ethical ones as secondary, a byproduct of their political concerns. They were concerned with reconstructing a political order and were thus open to the idea of institutional design, even though they themselves did not discuss it in detail. To take a continuous reading of early Confucianism by asking about which political institutions they would have in mind, especially in today’s political reality, would not be alien to Confucianism.


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