Russian Legal Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Stammler ◽  
Aytalina Ivanova ◽  
Brian Donahoe
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
Unified Field ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legislative Processes ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

This chapter traces the development of legal anthropology in Russia from imperial times to the present. The authors suggest an innovative research agenda based on thorough consideration of Russia’s long history of legal ethnography, a strong applied orientation, and interdisciplinary cooperation between legal scholars and anthropologists, which ideally would start from the conception of a research project and would include joint fieldwork. They provide a brief overview of the different types of studies of law and society in Russia that claim the name ‘legal anthropology’ (iuridicheskaia antropologiia, antropologiia pravo), but which in fact come out of different disciplines; have different approaches, aims, and orientations; and are not in conversation with one another. On the basis of their fieldwork, the authors identify two contrasting types of societies that exist among the Indigenous peoples of Russia: non-state societies (on the example of the Nenets in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) and almost-state societies (on the basis of the Sakha in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). The examples illustrate why, in one society, non-state legal activity is pragmatically geared towards ‘getting things done’ and solving internal questions, while in the other there is a quest to contribute to legislative processes on a more general, countrywide level. Doing so also means mapping the cultural diversity of the current social life of legal systems that coexist within one state. This has both scholarly and practical value and can lead to wider recognition of legal anthropology as a unified field within and beyond academic scholarship.

scholarly journals The Reflection of the Ideas of Ziya Gyokalp in the Theory and Practice of Kemalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Egnara Vartanyan
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Political Life ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
European Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Turkish Society

Introduction. The article is devoted to reflecting the ideas of Turkish philosopher, sociologist, culture expert Ziya Gyokalp in the concepts of Kemalism, to the problem of reasonable mutual influence of the East and West, to the attempts of the first President of the Republic of Turkey Mustafa Kemal Atatyurk to introduce turkish society in the Westernized civilization in the 1920–1930s. The first Turkish president interpreted the ideas of Ziya Gyokalp, who fought for the synthesis of national traditions and European civilization achievements. The president defined such milestones in the political life of Turkey as europeanization, nationalism, laicism, etatism, revolutionism, nationality, republicanism. The article shows the struggle of westernists and traditionists; calls of nationalists to preserve national traditions, study the history of Muslim peoples and state institutions to make their adapting to new conditions of life in modernity easier. Only the balance between traditionalism and modernism can correspond to the realities of a particular society and era, while the westerners called for the transfer of European values to the national soil. Methods. The historical-typological and historical-system research methods used in the article allowed to analyze the typology and transformation of Turkish culture in the first two decades of the republic’s existence. Analysis. The article shows the struggle of Westerners and Traditionalists, the appeals of nationalists to preserve national traditions, to study the history of Muslim peoples and state institutions in order to adapt them for modern life more easily, because only the relationship between traditionalism and modernism can correspond to the realities of a particular society and to the modern epoch, while Westerners wanted to bind European values and national soil. Results. The article draws the conclusion that fundamental principles of Kemalism were formulated by M.K. Atatyurk and implemented by him and his supporters not immediately, but step by step, beginning with 1918. The ideology of Kemalism is in tune with the ideas of Ziya Gyokalp to a great extent. The paper emphasizes that during the decades since the first attempts to modernize Turkey the state has taken unprecedented steps to import Western culture. Undoubtedly, transformations in Turkish society in the field of government, culture, and everyday life were of progressive importance. It contributed to national strengthening of Turkey and its transition from feudal to bourgeois forms of social life.

Historical grounds of one of the most important holidays of the Republic of Poland: May, 3rd, the Constitution Day

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Svetlana Falkovich
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article describes the history of the offcial holiday in contemporary Poland - May 3rd, the Constitution Day, in the context of political movements of Polish emigration of the 19th century. The author characterizes the differences that were put into evaluations of this event by the representatives of the democratic and the conservative camps of Polish emigration. The connection of these evaluations with the most important questions of Polish social life is shown within discussions about ways and means of recreation of Polish state.

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKHSTAN AFTER THE CIVIL WAR (1920-1924)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Zhumagulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic

The article analyzes a new view of the history of economic development of Kazakhstan after the civil war. The purpose of the work is to identify problems, analyze the implementation of the social and economic policy of Soviet power. In this article, there are new transformations in the political, economic and social life of Kazakhstan and the difficulties in its implementation. The ongoing work on restoration of peaceful life, destroyed economy and economy in Kazakhstan is indicated. The reasons for the decline in economic life, destruction, poverty and hunger in Kazakhstan are indicated. As a result of hunger, cold and the accompanying diseases, the demographic situation in the nomadic and semi-nomadic regions of the republic deteriorated – the population of the rural population in many provinces decreased to 1/3, more than 700 000 people left Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Counteraction to Criminality In the Ukrainian SSR In the Second Half of 1930S

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Principle ◽  
General Level ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

For today there is a far of the publications sanctified to soviet history of 1930th. However basic attention in them is spared there are 1937-1939 to strengthening of the totalitarian mode and repressions. And the problems of combating crime have received little attention.Research aim. Taking into account insufficient worked out of theme, an author put an aim to itself to light up the role of militia in counteraction to some types of criminality in the second half 1930th. This range of problems is wide enough, that is why we specially did not investigate some of directions of activity of militia at this time, in particular fight against gangsterism, counteract to economic criminality and role of militia in repressions 1937-1938, as it is an object other our scientific researches.Research methodology. The fundamental methodological principle of the study for the author was historicism. We tried to study the processes, events and facts in chronological order, taking into account the then socio-political situation. The method of comparison allowed to consider the general and special in activity of militia of different regions of the republic and differences in counteraction to different types of crimes.The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the historical literature it reveals the activities of the police in combating crime in the second half of the 1930s., related to improving the work of investigators, district inspectors.In the article basic directions of activity of militia are exposed in relation to counteraction to some types of crimes in Ukraine, in the second half of 1930th. In this time a "liberal" period made off relatively in history of soviet legislation.It was considered that in connection from completion of building of socialism in the USSR the main causations of crime, related to the inheritance of, are czarism on the whole removed, and the pore of the most rapid liquidation of criminality came, although at this time appeared and new types of crimes : 1. crimes related to the passport system (imitation, sale and purchase, theft of passports); 2. violation of charter of agricultural artel, violation of soviet and of a collective farm democracy; 3.sabotage of Stakhanovsky motion, pursuit ofStakhanov’ s men.New Constitution of the USSR was accepted in 1936, and in 1937 is new Constitution of Ukraine. For them wide rights for soviet citizens were proclaimed, but in reality they were not realized, becoming illustration to neglect of law and law and order.However would be an overstatement to consider that there was complete legal anarchy and raging of criminality in the state .Conclusions. In the second half 1930th a militia, without regard to mass repressions and certain vagueness of fate of many workers, continued counteraction to criminality. Certain attention was spared to the improvement of work of investigators, district inspectors, secret-service-informative work, bringing in of public to counteraction to criminality. In the total it was succeeded to attain some reduction of general level to criminality.

scholarly journals Archival Heritage as a Sphere of Kazakhstan Integration into the Scientific, Informational, and Cultural Space of Eurasia: 1998–2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 1106-1117
Author(s):  
Efim I. Pivovar ◽  
◽  
Irina E. Khanova ◽  
Marya V. Katagoshchina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cis Countries

The paper is devoted to the activities of the Republic of Kazakhstan archives aimed at identifying, studying, and popularizing the historical and documentary heritage of Kazakhstan, and to the role of this area of historical and cultural activity in the development of international cultural cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia and other states of Eurasia. The authors’ hypothesis is that the commonality of historical experience in the field of archiving and the similarity of contemporary tasks of the historical and cultural policy of the CIS countries, including Russia and Kazakhstan, are the basis for the participation of archives in the development of Eurasian integration and cooperation in the field of science and culture. In Kazakhstan, this process received significant additional incentives over the period 1998–2021. The adoption in 1998 of the Law on the National Archival Foundation of the Republic of Kazakhstan can be considered as the beginning of a large-scale project to identify, publish, and popularize the archival heritage of Kazakhstan, and this work was initially carried out both in Kazakhstani archives and abroad — in Russia, Uzbekistan, Great Britain, France, Turkey, and other countries of Greater Eurasia. In the 2000s, the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev in a series of articles and speeches had formulated an idea of referring to the history as the main source for formation of the national idea of modern Kazakhstan, including the approval of the world historical and cultural significance of the concept of the Great Steppe — the cradle of the Kazakh people. One of the central tasks in the implementation of this strategy was collection and promotion of documents related to the history of Kazakhstan in the international scientific and information space. In 2018, N. Nazarbayev came up with the “Archive – 2025” initiative, which further confirmed the role of the heuristic and archaeographic activities of archives and set the task of creating the most complete digitization of the archival heritage of Kazakhstan. The article provides an overview of the main directions of work of the Kazakhstani archives in 1998–2021: archaeographic expeditions abroad, publication of documentary collections, and scientific research on the history of the peoples, social life, and statehood of Kazakhstan in the 18th – 20th centuries, digitization of the archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, conducting international scientific conferences and seminars. The facts revealed by the authors show that the archival heritage of Kazakhstan is an area of fruitful and productive cooperation of humanitarians of the countries of Eurasia and also an incentive for integration processes in science and culture in the post-Soviet space.

Educational Approaches and Strategies in the Knowledge Society

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-151
Author(s):  
Laura Turarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Basic Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academic Communication

According to the theory of the link between democracy and society's need for educated citizens, the process of transmission of experiences is a basic activity for a society. The conditions of this transmission are the academic, institutional, and political freedom of that society's universities. This transmission takes the form of the communication model: a top-to-bottom form or a horizontal form. The form of transmission is a specific form of rationality expressed in a communicative action. To understand this rationality, it is necessary to analyze existing forms of communication in the context of the history of rationality itself. Today, the digitization of the higher education system has become a global trend, bringing with it new forms of communication. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the “Industry 4.0” state program affirms that digital communication skills need to be implemented at all levels of social life. The chapter is devoted to the problem of which form of academic communication will be chosen and the consequences of this choice for the Kazakhstan in the future.

Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente L. Rafael
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Republic

The origins of the Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histories of three empires that swept onto its shores: the Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese. This history makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation-states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power relationships. Such shifts have included not just regime change but also social revolution. The modernity of the modern Philippines is precisely the effect of the contradictory dynamic of imperialism. The Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese colonial regimes, as well as their postcolonial heir, the Republic, have sought to establish power over social life, yet found themselves undermined and overcome by the new kinds of lives they had spawned. It is precisely this dialectical movement of empires that we find starkly illuminated in the history of the Philippines.

Analysis of Gayo Poet Traditional Communication Media In Building Community Islamic Insights Central Aceh District

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Abdullah, Yusnadi, Salman Yoga S
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Local History ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Building Community ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

This study aims to determine the Analysis of Gayo Poet Traditional Communication Media In Building Community Islamic Insights Central Aceh District by using qualitative research methods using data collection techniques such as Observation, Documentary, and Interview. The data that has been collected, compiled systematically, then read, translated, understood, and classified based on the coding that has been determined. Furthermore, explore and analyze the data carefully and take into account other appropriate references. The results of the research are that the "saer" poem in the Gayo community in Central Aceh Regency not only acts as a medium and means of art, but has a broad role and function in social life. The message and Islamic insight of Gayo's verse "saer" is an interpretation of Islamic religious teachings sourced from the Qur'an, the prophet's hadith and local wisdom of the community. The themes contained in the "saer" Gayo poem include the theme of Islamic teachings which include the value of monotheism, prayer and mu'amalah worship, pilgrimage, morals, alms, fasting, morals and education themes, Islamic history, the history of the Revolution. Independence of the Republic of Indonesia, local history, natural and environmental themes and cultural-customary themes.

FBI and Religion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Assessment ◽  
Civic Religion ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This volume is an interdisciplinary assessment of the relationship between religion and the FBI. We recount the history of the FBI’s engagement with multiple religious communities and with aspects of public or “civic” religion such as morality and respectability. The book presents new research to explain roughly the history of the FBI’s interaction with religion over approximately one century, from the pre-Hoover period to the post-9/11 era. Along the way, the book explores vexed issues that go beyond the particulars of the FBI’s history—the juxtaposition of “religion” and “cult,” the ways in which race can shape the public’s perceptions of religion (and vica versa), the challenges of mediating between a religious orientation and a secular one, and the role and limits of academic scholarship as a way of addressing the differing worldviews of the FBI and some of the religious communities it encounters.

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