Narratives

2020 ◽  
pp. 983-993
Author(s):  
Wilhelm J. G. Möhlig
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Almost All

Despite the high complexity of oral art in Africa, some of its features are shared by almost all narrative cultures. The most prominent criterion appears to be the truth aspect—whether a storyteller considers his narration as rendering facts or fictional matters. To the category of telling facts belong historical reports (chronicles) and ethno-texts, i.e. descriptions of special handicrafts, economic activities, and legal concepts. The main genres falling under the category of fiction are fables, animal tales, and fairy tales. According to the basic definition of truth and fiction at least three borderline genres emerge: anecdotes, legends, and epics. Modern scholarly interests are mainly directed towards the comparison of narrative types and motifs, the performance aspect, and the exploitation of oral narrations as sources for the reconstruction of precolonial history.

scholarly journals Działanie na własny rachunek a pojęcie działalności gospodarczej

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Konrad Kopystyński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Concepts

Celem artykułu jest analiza okoliczności wykonywania działalności gospodarczej na własny rachunek w kontekście przesłanek definiujących działalność gospodarczą w rozumieniu ustawy — Prawo przedsiębiorców. Wykonywanie działalności gospodarczej na własny rachunek nie jest wprost wymienione jako jedna z przesłanek działalności gospodarczej. Jak jednak wskazuje się często w doktrynie, wynika ona z innej przesłanki, mianowicie wykonywania działalności gospodarczej we własnym imieniu. Autor w treści artykułu polemizuje z tym poglądem. Dokonuje porównania kolejnych historycznych definicji działalności gospodarczej i  przedsiębiorcy pod kątem występowania w nich pojęć wykonywania działalności we własnym imieniu i na własny rachunek. Następnie analizuje obydwa pojęcia w zakresie ich występowania w przepisach innych ustaw oraz przedstawia prezentowane w piśmiennictwie definicje działania we własnym imieniu i na własny rachunek. W rezultacie wskazuje, że należy rozróżniać pojęcia wykonywania działalności gospodarczej we własnym imieniu i na własny rachunek. Dochodzi do wniosku, że działanie na własny rachunek nie powinno być co prawda uznawane za przesłankę działalności gospodarczej, w praktyce jednak cechuje każdą działalność gospodarczą, wykazując daleko idące powiązania z przesłanką zarobkowego charakteru działalności gospodarczej. Acting on one’s own account and a legal definition of economic activityThe subject of this article is an analysis of performing economic activity on one’s own account in the context of premises of economic activity within the meaning of the entrepreneurs law. Performing economic activity on one’s own account is not literally indicated as one of the premises of economic activity. In doctrine, it is often emphasized that performing economic activity on one’s own account results from one of the legal premises, that is, performing economic activity one one’s own behalf. The author of the article discusses that opinion. He compares historical definitions of economic activity and of an entrepreneur which were included in successive laws within the scope of the presence of concepts related to performing economic activity on one’s own account or on one’s own behalf. Subsequently, the author analyzes both legal concepts in the scope of their presence in different laws and he introduces definitions of performing on one’s own account and on one’s own behalf that are present in the literature. In conclusions, he indicates that it is necessary to distinguish between performing an economic activity on one’s own behalf and on one’s own account. He concludes the performing an economic activity on one’s own account should not be considered as a legal premise of economic activity. However, in practice it is characteristic of all economic activities and it is related to the commercial character which is one of the legal premises of economic activity.

scholarly journals The role of gender in the formation of Anglo-American legal terminology

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00128
Author(s):  
Elena Volgina ◽  
Elena Ilyicheva ◽  
Elina Kalinichenko ◽  
Anna Lanina ◽  
Victoria Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gender System

The various elements of the gender system have an impact on specialized areas of the language. Legal terminology is no exception, since the law covers almost all spheres of society. The interdisciplinary nature of gender studies has led to the demand for linguistic competence to study the gender construct, which has given rise to an independent discipline – linguistic genderology. In this regard, the problem of the influence of extralinguistic factors on the formation of legal terminology is relevant. In this paper linguistic research is conducted, within the framework of which Anglo-American legal terminology and its formation under the influence of gender factors are considered. The role of extra-linguistic factors in the formation of legal terms has been determined, the extra-linguistic factors affecting the gender markedness of the form and content of legal concepts have been identified. The method of continuous viewing of English legal texts, as well as English legal dictionaries, revealed gender-marked English-American legal terms and terminological concepts. The result of the study was the definition of a gender factor as a backbone for the Anglo-American legal terminology.

Are Industry Preferences Necessary for Innovations?

2011 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
L. Nochevkina
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Innovative Climate ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

Since the middle of last century, the developed countries chose an orientation of almost all spheres of economic activities towards innovation. By the beginning of XXI century, this has paved the way for a new technological revolution. Russia is still at the preparatory, pre-innovation stage. It calls for an analysis of the conditions of forming and of the driving force of the “new economy”, for a definition of the necessary time and resources. On this path, the priority should be given not to a support of selected industries but to creating an innovative climate throughout the country.

IFRS IMPLEMENTATION AS ONE OF THE FACTORS FOR IMPROVING THE INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Sova ◽  
◽  
Natalia Yatsenko ◽  
Denys Zagirniak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on changes in the investment climate in Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is that improving the practice of applying IFRS as a tool for exchanging financial information is one of the key conditions for improving the investment climate in Ukraine. The authors have created the generalized scheme that illustrates the chronological list of enterprises that are required by law to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS. It was noted that in 2018, in accordance with Part 2 of Article 12 of the law on accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine and resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 547 from 11.07.2018, the criteria of enterprises that are required to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS were updated. This step significantly increased the level of application of international standards due to the adoption of such a decision at the legislative level. The dynamics of the number of IFRS enterprises in Ukraine was analyzed. The analysis showed that over the past three years, the number of almost all enterprises that must apply international standards has been growing. The advantages of using IFRS for different users of financial statements were determined. It was determined that the priority users of IFRS financial statements are investors. At the same time, it was noted that the main advantage for other users of financial statements prepared in accordance with international standards is the improvement of the investment climate. The dynamics of the Investment Attractiveness Index of Ukraine based on the Likert scale in the period from 2016 to 2020 was analyzed. The direct investment receipts to Ukraine from the European Union countries were studied. The dynamics of direct investment in the Ukrainian economy was analyzed for two types of economic activities that should form financial statements in accordance with IFRS, namely, the extractive industry and quarrying, as well as financial and insurance activities.

Actual issues of valuation of businesses of the economic entity

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Business Valuation ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The article summarizes the main approaches in the definition of business valuation the economic entity. In the process of business valuation, taking into account the risks of financial and economic activities necessary to obtain information on what stage the owner implements the business will receive income. The most difficult task is the impossibility of accurate prediction in determining the level of income and the determination of a discount rate capitalization of future incomes due to the instability of the economy, both in the country and around the world.

scholarly journals The Use of Terms and Definitions in the Study of Be Stars (Review Paper)

1987 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
George W. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Incorrect Usage

AbstractIn this paper I shall examine the use and misuse of some astronomical terminology as it is commonly found in the literature. The incorrect usage of common terms, and sometimes the terms themselves, can lead to confusion by the reader and may well indicate misconceptions by the authors. A basic definition of the Be phenomena is suggested and other stellar characteristics whose interpretation may change when used for non-spherical stars, is discussed. Special attention is paid to a number of terms whose semantic nature is misleading when applied to the phenomena they are intended to represent. The use of model-dependent terms is discussed and some comments are offered which are intended to improve the clarity of communication within the subject.

scholarly journals Frege’s puzzle and the ex ante Pareto principle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mahtani
Keyword(s):  
Policy Choice ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Pareto Principle ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Rational Behaviour ◽  
Fixed Population

Abstract The ex ante Pareto principle has an intuitive pull, and it has been a principle of central importance since Harsanyi’s defence of utilitarianism (to be found in e.g. Harsanyi, Rational behaviour and bargaining equilibrium in games and social situations. CUP, Cambridge, 1977). The principle has been used to criticize and refine a range of positions in welfare economics, including egalitarianism and prioritarianism. But this principle faces a serious problem. I have argued elsewhere (Mahtani, J Philos 114(6):303-323 2017) that the concept of ex ante Pareto superiority is not well defined, because its application in a choice situation concerning a fixed population can depend on how the members of that population are designated. I show in this paper that in almost all cases of policy choice, there will be numerous sets of rival designators for the same fixed population. I explore two ways that we might complete the definition of ex ante Pareto superiority. I call these the ‘supervaluationist’ reading and the ‘subvaluationist’ reading. I reject the subvaluationist reading as uncharitable, and argue that the supervaluationist reading is the most promising interpretation of the ex ante Pareto principle. I end by exploring some of the implications of this principle for prioritarianism and egalitarianism.

scholarly journals Molecular Diagnosis of Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Tamsyn Stephenson ◽  
Natasha Speight ◽  
Wai Yee Low ◽  
Lucy Woolford ◽  
Rick Tearle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Lymphoid Neoplasia ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Retroviral Infections ◽  
Koala Retrovirus

Koala retrovirus, a recent discovery in Australian koalas, is endogenised in 100% of northern koalas but has lower prevalence in southern populations, with lower proviral and viral loads, and an undetermined level of endogenisation. KoRV has been associated with lymphoid neoplasia, e.g., lymphoma. Recent studies have revealed high complexity in southern koala retroviral infections, with a need to clarify what constitutes positive and negative cases. This study aimed to define KoRV infection status in Mount Lofty Ranges koalas in South Australia using RNA-seq and proviral analysis (n = 216). The basis for positivity of KoRV was deemed the presence of central regions of the KoRV genome (gag 2, pol, env 1, and env 2) and based on this, 41% (89/216) koalas were positive, 57% (124/216) negative, and 2% inconclusive. These genes showed higher expression in lymph node tissue from KoRV positive koalas with lymphoma compared with other KoRV positive koalas, which showed lower, fragmented expression. Terminal regions (LTRs, partial gag, and partial env) were present in SA koalas regardless of KoRV status, with almost all (99.5%, 215/216) koalas positive for gag 1 by proviral PCR. Further investigation is needed to understand the differences in KoRV infection in southern koala populations.

PROBLEMS AND PRIORITY AREAS FOR APPLYING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1390-1398
Author(s):  
M A. Bryzgalina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Rational Version ◽  
Definition Of

This paper discusses the implementation of digital technologies in the production sector and business processes of agricultural enterprises in Russia. Implementation of digitalization into the economic entities’ business activity is necessary in order not only to increase the speed of their functioning several times, but also to open up new, broader opportunities for their development in the future. Currently, in the Russian Federation, the main leaders in the development of digital technologies are, first of all, IT companies, as well as organizations operating in the field of media, finance and insurance. The level of digitalization in the real sector of the economy is significantly lower, while the agricultural sector is in last place for this indicator. This article reflects the prerequisites for the development of the digital economy in the world, which include the automation of production technologies and business processes, as well as penetration into the social sphere of the countries of the global Internet and mobile communications. The author considered a number of interpretations of the concept of “digital economy”, of which, in her opinion, the most rational version of the definition of the term under consideration was selected. Within the framework of the study, the prerequisites for the effective implementation of innovative technologies in the economic and social spheres of enterprises’ activities were determined, and the main factors and conditions for the developing digital system of a particular country were established. In the presented work, the author identified a number of modern key problems that significantly impede the introduction of digital technologies in the production and economic activities of economic entities of Russia, especially in the field of agriculture. At the same time, quite popular and widespread advanced technologies are indicated, which are currently being successfully implemented in promising agricultural organizations of the country. With regard to the branches of agriculture in Russia, namely crop and livestock breeding, the most expedient areas for the introduction of advanced digital technologies into the business processes of agricultural enterprises are presented.

scholarly journals Ignition systems of combustion piston engine and possibility of its optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Vorlíček ◽  
◽  
Jozef Čerňan
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
System Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Engine Power

This paper explains the basic definition of ignition, combustion and description of the ignition system functionality. The ignition systems are divided according to established criteriums into the most used types and descriptions of each ignition system components. It focuses on ignition timing and circumstances that affect it and how they influence the observed parameters. I am using ignition timing as an instrument for the observation and optimization of ignition. These practices are tested on piston engine in the practical part of this paper. It describes the modification of the timing curve, measuring of engine power and comparison between each curve. It is an analysis of engine performance under different conditions. The most efficient timing curve is chosen and further evaluated. The used engine for this paper was a rebuild from a car engine used in Trabant 601, VEB Automobilwerke automobile.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document