scholarly journals Musical Identities Mediate Musical Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
David J. Hargreaves ◽  
Raymond MacDonald ◽  
Dorothy Miell
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Musical Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Central Argument

This article has two main aims. The first is to identify those aspects of developmental psychology as a whole that are most useful in trying to explain musical development in particular. The second is to develop the central argument that the study of people's musical identities is an essential part of the explanation of their musical development. The article is organized as follows. The first section summarizes the main theoretical perspectives on musical development since the 1980s. The second section provides representative examples of empirical research from three broad areas—cognitive, social, and affective— and then looks at the cognitive aspects of musical development and learning: This was the predominant emphasis of developmental studies in the 1980s. The third section focuses on the social aspects of musical development, which have come to include the study of personality. The fourth section considers the development of the affective aspects of musical behavior, that is, those concerning emotion.

Writing History: Problems of Neutrality

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-126
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Value Neutrality ◽  
Made In

Part 2 Writing History: Problems of Neutrality This Part of the book challenges widespread assumptions that, where it matters, it is possible or desirable for historians to avoid value judgements and the sorts of evocative descriptions that imply or could reasonably be expected to prompt such judgements. The first section distinguishes between History and particular traditions within the social sciences in order to show why the ‘rules’ about moral evaluation can be different in these differing endeavours. The second section establishes the widespread existence of evocations and evaluations in the very labelling and description of many historical phenomena, suggesting not just how peculiar works of History would look in their absence of evocations and appraisals, but that their absence would often distort what is being reported. These arguments are key to the distinction made in the third section about rejecting value neutrality as a governing ideal while insisting on truthfulness as a historian’s primary duty. The fourth section highlights the nature of most historical accounts as composites of a range of perspectives as it considers questions of context, agency, outcome, and experience. The composition gives rise to the overall impression, evaluative or evocative, provided by the work. The fifth section brings together a number of the chapter’s themes as it examines an important case of the historian’s judgement—judgement about the legitimacy of power in past worlds where legitimacy could be as contested as often today.

scholarly journals How do People with Disability Use and Experience Virtual Worlds and ICT: A Literature Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Stendal
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
People With Disability ◽  
Information And Communication

There is wide agreement that information and communication technology (ICT) is a valuable tool for people with disability. Several research disciplines have focused on how people with disability can take advantage of the technology available for social, educational and personal purposes. Virtual worlds represent the latest addition to the technologies available, yet there is little research on how people with disability use and experience virtual worlds. A review of research conducted in different disciplines on the affordances and challenges of virtual worlds and ICT for people with disability is presented here. The main objective was to highlight areas that lack sufficient research in the field of virtual worlds for people with disability. Understanding how use of ICT influences people with disability is important to identify the possibilities and challenges virtual worlds offer to this group. Findings from this study indicate that there is little empirical research exploring the social aspects, work opportunities and personal value virtual worlds may offer people with disability. The research reviewed points to the importance of bringing research disciplines together to accelerate knowledge about the potential and promises of virtual worlds for people with disability.

Technology, Power, and Space—The Means and Ends of Geographies of Technology

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Hinchliffe
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Politics Of Representation ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Technology And Society ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Electricity Networks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Science Technology

This paper is about the means and ends of geographical inquiries into technology and technoscience. In working through a body of literature commonly grouped together under the collective phrase ‘science, technology, and society’, and in seeking to work upon empirical research on electricity networks, the author draws attention to the ontological and representational issues that are confronted when thinking through geographies of technology and geographies of techno-scientific knowledge. In the first part of the paper the ontological status of nonhumans and the politics of representation are discussed as a consequence of a rejection of technical and social determinisms. In the second part, the author turns to review some of the analytical metaphors that are conjured with in order to address the issues raised in the first part. In the third part of the paper the more overtly spatial metaphors of the literature of science, technology, and society are confronted and the move from a measured and ordered managerialist approach to the spatiality of technologies and technoscience is reviewed. In the fourth section, some lessons for the politics of a reconfigured geographical engagement with technology and technoscience are raised.

Class Analysis and Rural Africa: the Kenya Tea Development Authority

1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffley S. Steeves
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Third World ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Local Society ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
The Third World

Academics and aid officials are increasingly turning their attention to two aspects of rural development: the structure of the local society, and the social impact of agricultural programmes. In part this reflects a pessimistic and moralistic reassessment of earlier attempts to promote development in the Third World. However, this analytical focus also represents the continuing evolution of research by those who are engaged in refining their theoretical perspectives on rural society.

scholarly journals La empresa social en Bélgica: Diversidad de fuentes, modelos y campos

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Benjamin Huybrechts
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
The Third ◽  
Introductory Section ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Venture ◽  
Legal Forms

<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p><p align="JUSTIFY">Este artículo está estructurado como sigue: la primera sección introductoria revisa las principales <span lang="es-ES">raíces</span> históricas que han conducido a la emergencia de una diversidad de modelos relacionados con la empresa social y a la economía social en Bélgica. Enseguida, la segunda sección esboza los principales aspectos de esos modelos en relación a sus formas legales, tipos de misión social a las que se orientan, dinámicas de gobierno y recursos. En la tercera sección, esos modelos son ilustrados in diferentes <span lang="es-ES">campos</span> de actividad, tanto establecidos como emergentes. Finalmente, la cuarta sección propone un análisis transversal de los principales tendencias y desafíos que enfrenta el desarrollo y coexistencia de los diferentes modelos.</p><p align="JUSTIFY">Palabras clave: Economía Social, tradición cooperativa, tradición asociativa, nueva economía social, social venture</p><p align="JUSTIFY"> </p><p align="JUSTIFY"> </p><p align="JUSTIFY"><em>Social entreprise in Belgium: a diversity of roots, models and fiels</em></p><p align="JUSTIFY"><em>This working paper is structured as follows. The first introductory section reviews the main historical roots that have led to the emergence of a diversity of models related to social enterprise and the social economy in Belgium. Next, the second section sketches the main features of these models in terms of legal forms, types of social missions addressed, governance dynamics and resources. In the third section, these models are then illustrated in different fields of activity both established and emerging. Finally, the fourth section proposes a transversal analysis of the main trends and challenges facing the development and coexistence of the different models.</em><br /><em></em></p><p align="JUSTIFY"><em>Keywords: Social Economy, cooperative tradition, associative tradition, new social economy, social venture </em></p><p align="JUSTIFY"><em> </em></p>

Hybridity, So What?

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 219-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Nederveen Pieterse
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Mapping ◽  
Original Question ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Over Time

Take just about any exercise in social mapping and it is the hybrids, those that straddle categories, that are missing. Take most arrangements of multiculturalism and it is the hybrids that are not counted, not accommodated. So what? This article is about the recognition of hybridity, in-betweenness. The first section discusses the varieties of hybridity and the widening range of phenomena to which the term now applies. According to anti-hybridity arguments, hybridity is inauthentic and ‘multiculturalism lite’. Examining these arguments provides an opportunity to deepen and fine-tune our perspective. What is missing in the antihybridity arguments is historical depth; in this treatment the third section deals with the longue durÈeand proposes multiple historical layers of hybridity. The fourth section concerns the politics of boundaries, for in the end the real problem is not hybridity – which is common throughout history – but boundaries and the social proclivity to boundary fetishism. Hybridity is a problem only from the point of view of essentializing boundaries. What hybridity means varies not only over time but also in different cultures and this informs different patterns of hybridity. Then we come back to the original question: so what? The importance of hybridity is that it problematizes boundaries.

scholarly journals A APRENDIZAGEM ORGANIZACIONAL SOB A PERSPECTIVA SÓCIO-COGNITIVA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE LEWIN, BANDURA E GIDDENS

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sandra Ferreira Freitas ◽  
Christiane Kleinübing Godoi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theory Of Structuration ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Cognitive Social Learning

This article seeks to establish the transfer of contributions of socio-cognitive learning theories to the sphere of organizational learning. The central argument is the idea that social cognition explains organizational learning more adequately than the fragmented studies of learning derived from the organizational field. Within the socio-cognitive perspective, organizational learning is understood as the result of a reciprocal exchange between socio-cognitive constructs and organizational culture. The understanding of organizational learning requires consideration of the social aspects of learning, and is based on theories capable of interconnecting individual processes, the functioning of the groups, and social relations. Among the learning theories that consider the social context, we elect the analysis and transfer of the following theories, to the organizational sphere: a) Kurt Lewin’s field theory (and his influence on Dewey); b) Bandura’s cognitive social learning theory (and the influence of the attribution theory); and Giddens’ theory of structuration.

scholarly journals Creativity is Always a Social Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Elisondo
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Biographical Research ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Everyday Creativity

AbstractThe article explores the social essence of creativity. Two studies where interactions with others shape the development of creative processes are presented; first, theoretical perspectives on creativity as social process are discussed. The first study analyzes social aspects of creative processes developed during leisure activities. Men and women (N=150) living in Córdoba (Argentina) were interviewed in the research. The second study is a form of biographical research. The sample includes 22 Argentine personalities prominent in the scientific and artistic fields. As a main result, in the two studies we observed that links with family, teachers, peers, colleagues, mentors, tutors and disciples shape the possibilities of developing everyday creativity as well as Big-C creativity. Finally, considerations and suggestions for future research on creativity as a social process are presented. Creativity emerges from dialogues, interactions and practices with others. It is not a solitary process: it involves languages, knowledge and actions that are socially constructed.

scholarly journals A kapitalista társadalom struktúrája

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-177
Author(s):  
Zoltán Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Restricted Class ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social

In this paper, I discuss the social structure of modern capitalist society in a new conception based on the theory of institutional sociology. In the first part of the paper, I briefly outline the social structure of modern capitalist society. Taking social relations into account in terms of certain types of social capital and social relationships, I differentiate the following social classes in the modern capitalist society: (1) authority class, (2) strong tolerated class, (3) supported class, (4) medial tolerated class, (5) patronized class, (6) restricted class, (7) less weak tolerated class, (8) less exposed class, (9) very weak tolerated class and (10) very exposed class. In the second part of the paper, I analyse the social structure or the social classes composing the social structure in more detail. In the third part, I point out further aspects that ought to be considered in the empirical research of the social structure of capitalist society

Poverty and the Social Safety Net

2020 ◽  
pp. 520-534
Author(s):  
Manos Matsaganis
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Third ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Social

This chapter examines how the social safety net (the welfare state’s anti-poverty armour) evolved since the mid-1970s, and how it responded to, and was transformed by, the social emergency of the 2010s. Its structure is as follows. The first section discusses the state of Greek welfare before the financial crisis broke out. The second section considers the social implications of the Great Recession, focusing on the effects on family incomes of job losses, falling earnings, and higher taxes. The third section provides an account of policy responses under austerity, and the fourth section reviews the evidence on changes in poverty and social exclusion. The chapter concludes that the Greek welfare state, even though no longer chronically underfunded, was structurally unfit to cope with any serious economic downturn, let alone the deep and protracted crisis that hit the country in 2010. Moreover, the system of social protection emerging from the recession and the austerity differ significantly from the situation that preceded it: it is certainly leaner, considerably less robust in core policy areas such as pensions and health, but also probably more effective in protecting vulnerable individuals and households against poverty than at any time in the country’s history.

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