Presidential Address

Addressing the public is one of the central functions of the modern presidency. Accordingly, scholars have devoted considerable attention to studying not only formal oratory, but also all manner of presidential communication aimed at the public. This chapter surveys this research, focusing on how (the content of the message), why (the production of the message), and with what effect (the consequences of the message) presidents address the public. Among the topics the chapter addresses are the following: the rhetorical presidency and its distinction from presidential rhetoric; the importance of genres in determining the nature of presidential address; the key changes that have taken place in presidential address over time; and the different ways of understanding the impact of presidential address. The chapter concludes by stressing the need for research in this area to better account for visual information and the rise of the Internet and to more thoroughly engage with theory.

The Internet Trap

10.23943/princeton/9780691159263.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Hindman

Keyword(s):

The Internet ◽

Net Neutrality ◽

The Public ◽

Attention Economy ◽

Digital News ◽

The Cost ◽

The Internet was supposed to fragment audiences and make media monopolies impossible. Instead, behemoths like Google and Facebook now dominate the time we spend online—and grab all the profits from the attention economy. This book explains how this happened. It sheds light on the stunning rise of the digital giants and the online struggles of nearly everyone else—and reveals what small players can do to survive in a game that is rigged against them. The book shows how seemingly tiny advantages in attracting users can snowball over time. The Internet has not reduced the cost of reaching audiences—it has merely shifted who pays and how. Challenging some of the most enduring myths of digital life, the book explains why the Internet is not the postindustrial technology that has been sold to the public, how it has become mathematically impossible for grad students in a garage to beat Google, and why net neutrality alone is no guarantee of an open Internet. It also explains why the challenges for local digital news outlets and other small players are worse than they appear and demonstrates what it really takes to grow a digital audience and stay alive in today's online economy. The book shows why, even on the Internet, there is still no such thing as a free audience.

An End to Incrementalism? The Impact of Expenditure Restraint on Social Services Budgets 1979–1986

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279400017414 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 187-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aidan Kelly

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Social Service ◽

The Elderly ◽

Activity Data ◽

The Public ◽

Total Budget ◽

Service Departments ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

ABSTRACTThe theory of incrementalism is a long-standing and influential perspective on policy making and resource allocation in the public sector. Previous research on social services budgeting suggests that resources are allocated incrementally, although there has been some debate as to whether this would persist in an era of prolonged expenditure restraint. Incremental budgetary outcomes are operationalised as percentage changes in budgets pro-rata with percentage changes in the total budget, and as stable shares of total expenditure for each activity. Data for 99 English social service departments supports incrementalism in that budget shares change by only 1.8 per cent, but percentage allocations depart from pro-rata incrementalism by a mean of 74 per cent. The comparison of the two summary indices over time supports those who have argued that prolonged restraint would encourage non-incremental budgeting, but change in the agency's total budget does not consistently predict budgetary outcomes. The effect of restraint on incrementalism varies with the measure used and across the component activities of the measures, but there is enough evidence to suggest a significant decline in the level of incrementalism in social service departments. In particular, non-incremental budgeting is strongly associated with the growth of day centre expenditure on the mentally ill and the elderly before 1982–3, and after that with the pursuit of the ‘community care’ strategy within state provided services for the elderly and children. Incrementalism as a general theory of agency budgeting is limited in its ability to explain variations in the degree of incrementalism between agencies, between component budgets and over time. The conclusion suggests that further research should seek explanations for these variations in the varying balance of the competing forces which shape outcomes in welfare bureaucracies and in the relationship between these forces and the organisation's environment.

Evidence of an Open Government Data Portal Impact on the Public Sphere

International Journal of Electronic Government Research ◽

10.4018/ijegr.2016070102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 21-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rui Pedro Lourenço

Keyword(s):

Public Sphere ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Research Effort ◽

Open Government ◽

The Internet ◽

The Public ◽

Open Government Data ◽

The Public Sphere ◽

Google Search ◽

Data portals are being created as part of open government strategies to increase transparency. But although the potential of the internet to increase transparency (as data disclosure) has been widely considered in the literature, there is no reported evidence of any of the released data actually being used by their ultimate recipients (citizens) for public accountability purposes. This descriptive research effort aims to find evidence of the impact of open government portals, asserting whether data is indeed being used and for what purposes. One contract portal was selected and Google Search was used to find portal references on the internet. A qualitative content analysis approach was adopted, whereby references were examined with respect to its main purpose and data usage. Evidence was found of contract data being used, among others, to identify possible situations of corruption, nepotism and misusage of public resources, support argumentation on public policy debates and, in general, to hold public officials accountable in the public sphere through ‘blame and shame' sanctions.

The specificity of the digital transformation of the public sector

Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.5235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 150 (3) ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Katarzyna Śledziewska ◽

Renata Włoch

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Public Administration ◽

Main Part ◽

New Technology ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Digital Transformation ◽

The Internet ◽

The Public ◽

The Subject ◽

In this article we focus on identifying the specificity of digital transformation within the public sector. The aim of the article is to present the main mechanisms resulting from the introduction of digital innovations that have changed the functioning of the public sector. Starting from a discussion on the technological requirements of digital transformation, we briefly characterise the use of computers and the Internet in public administration, resulting in the development of e-services and administration. The main part of the article is devoted to discussing the specificity of the implementation of the new digital technologies in public administration, focusing mainly on artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. Our thesis is that the impact of innovative digital technologies on the operation standards and structure of public administration should be analysed through the prism of interrelated mechanisms of datafication and platformisation, characteristic for the digital economy. The adopted methodology, which is based on an analysis of the subject literature and an analysis of new technology implementations in public administration in EU countries, indicates the pilot, random and non-transformational nature of these implementations, partly due to the lack of well-established methodologies to study and assess the maturity of digital transformation within the public sector.

Trends in E-Business, E-Services, and E-Commerce - Advances in E-Business Research ◽

Internet Incidence on SME’s Sales

10.4018/978-1-4666-4510-3.ch010 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 175-190

Author(s):

María Verónica Alderete

Keyword(s):

Logit Model ◽

Internet Access ◽

The Internet ◽

Internet Adoption ◽

Adoption Decision ◽

The Public ◽

Binary Logit Model ◽

Dichotomous Variable ◽

The Impact ◽

Matching Techniques

The purpose of this paper is to determine how much is the “bonus” or “prize” to the sales per worker of Internet-using firms compared to not Internet-using firms. The authors employ some matching techniques based on an Argentinean database. The authors first present a binary logit model, in which the dependent variable is a dichotomous variable equal to 1 if the firm adopted Internet and 0 otherwise, to evaluate the factors that influence a firm’s probability of adopting Internet. A propensity score matching (PSM) model is then used to assess the impact of using Internet on the sales per worker. The authors find statically significant differences in the sales average between firms that are similar in many dimensions such as location, size, and sales market except for the Internet adoption decision. By probing that Internet access improves SME’s sales, the chapter is validating the Public Sector ICT modernization programs for SME. The contribution of this paper consists of using a well known technique as PSM to analyze a recent field of research which is the contribution of Internet adoption to the firm’s sales per worker.

Epilogue

10.5406/illinois/9780252039096.003.0010 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Anna D. Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Sphere ◽

The United States ◽

The Internet ◽

Formal Schooling ◽

The Public ◽

Polish Language ◽

The Media ◽

The Public Sphere ◽

This epilogue comments on the changes within the Polish American community and the Polish-language press during the most recent decades, including the impact of the Internet and social media on the practice of letter-writing. It also poses questions about the legacy and memory of Paryski in Toledo, Ohio, and in Polonia scholarship. Paryski's life and career were based on his intelligence, determination, and energy. He believed that Poles in the United States, as in Poland, must benefit from education, and that education was not necessarily the same as formal schooling. Anybody could embark on the path to self-improvement if they read and wrote. Long before the Internet changed the way we communicate, Paryski and other ethnic editors effectively adopted and practiced the concept of debate within the public sphere in the media. Ameryka-Echo's “Corner for Everybody” was an embodiment of this concept and allowed all to express themselves in their own language and to write what was on their minds.

PERILAKU SOSIAL WANITA RAWAN SOSIAL TERKAIT DENGAN NORMA, ETIKA DAN ESTETIKA LINGKUNGAN DI PRUMPUNG

Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Lingkungan dan Pembangunan ◽

10.21009/plpb.201.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (01) ◽

pp. 54-67

Author(s):

FITRIA PITRI FITRIA

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Environmental Aesthetics ◽

The Public ◽

The People ◽

Local Residents ◽

Economic Needs ◽

The Impact ◽

Abstract This study aims to describe the views of the public towards Social Vulnerable Women (SVW) related to norms, ethics, and environmental aesthetics, orientation and patterns of education dissemination in the SVW family, as well as the impact of implementing education on reproductive prostitution for SVW children. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The subjects used in this study were four SVW families consisting of children who went to school and did not attend school as well as mothers who worked as SVW, residents living in the Prumpung area. The results of this study show that as migrants who worked as SVW in Prumpung, they were maintaining their behavior with local residents. Although the work they do is contrary to norms, ethics, and environmental aesthetics. As SVW all their lives, they want to get out of that dark life. Second, people's views on SVW's social behavior in Prumpung are related to the norms, ethics and environmental aesthetics of Prumpung. The community around the beginning did not like the presence of the SVW, but over time the people or natives finally accepted their existence. This is evidenced by the establishment of rented houses, restaurants and taxibike services to service SVW. Third, the factors that support SVW's social behavior related to norms, ethics and environmental aesthetics include increasing economic needs and the lack of education they have.

E-democracy remixed: Learning from the BBC's Action Network and the shift from a static commons to a participatory multiplex

JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government ◽

10.29379/jedem.v2i2.29 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 119-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alfred Hermida

Keyword(s):

Public Service ◽

The Internet ◽

The Public ◽

Collaborative Discourse ◽

High Profile ◽

Democratic Dialogue ◽

The Media ◽

Action Network ◽

Networked Public Sphere ◽

This paper examines a five-year initiative by the UK's public service broadcaster, the BBC, to reinvigorate civic engagement at a time of declining public participation in politics. The Action Network project, originally called iCan, ran from 2003 to 2008 and was one of the most high profile and ambitious attempts by a public service broadcaster to foster eParticipation through an online civic commons. This study analyzes Action Network within the context of conceptualizations of the Internet as a networked, distributed and participatory environment and the shift towards what scholars describe as a networked public sphere. It suggests that the project did not have the impact anticipated as it was borne out of a paternalistic broadcast legacy, out of step with the trend towards distributed and collaborative discourse online that reassesses the notion that the public is simply a resource to be managed. This paper argues that the BBC experience provides lessons in how the media, and specifically public service broadcasters, can contribute towards greater political participation and democratic dialogue through the Internet by adopting Web 2.0 approaches that enable citizens to engage on different levels and at different times, depending on contexts.

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of CAIS / Actes du congrès annuel de l'ACSI ◽

The Impact of the Internet on the Public Library: Current Status and Signs for the Future

10.29173/cais492 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Corinne Jörgensen ◽

Geogre D'Elia ◽

Joseph Woelfel ◽

Eleanor Jo Rodger

Keyword(s):

Market Segmentation ◽

Time Use ◽

Telephone Survey ◽

Public Library ◽

Current Status ◽

The Internet ◽

Consumer Market ◽

The Public ◽

Library Use ◽

This paper presents the results of a research project to evaluate the impacts of the Internet on public library use. A national telephone survey was conducted using a market segmentation model for use of information services and resources at the public library and on the Internet. This research provides baseline data describing the current consumer market for library and Internet services. The data suggest that at this time use of the...

Relations Between Variables and Trends Over Time in Rdd Telephone and Nonprobability Sample Internet Surveys

Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology ◽

10.1093/jssam/smz059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 37-61

Author(s):

Josh Pasek ◽

Jon A Krosnick

Keyword(s):

Data Streams ◽

Behavioral Intentions ◽

Lower Cost ◽

The Internet ◽

Telephone Surveys ◽

Internet Surveys ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Nonprobability Sample ◽

The Impact ◽

Abstract Survey researchers today can choose between relatively higher-cost probability sample telephone surveys and lower-cost surveys of nonprobability samples of potential respondents who complete questionnaires via the internet. Previous studies generally indicated that the former yield more accurate distributions of variables, but little work to date has explored the impact of mode and sampling on associations between variables and trends over time. The current study did so using parallel surveys conducted in 2010 focused on opinions, events, behavioral intentions, and behaviors involving that year’s Decennial Census. A few comparisons indicated that the two data streams yielded similar results, but the two methods frequently yielded different results, often strikingly so, and the results yielded by the probability samples seem likely to be the more accurate ones.