scholarly journals Visual Field Changes in Multiple Sclerosis

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D E A Mansour ◽  
A M E Abdelhamid ◽  
S S M Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Abstract Background multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the leading cause of disability in young adults. Afferent pregeniculate visual pathways (retina, optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts) are preferential targets of inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Aim of the Work in our study was to find and correlate visual field findings in multiple sclerosis patients with clinical data. Patients and Methods this study included 30 eyes of 17 patients previously diagnosed as multiple sclerosis according to the international panel on diagnosis of MS (McDonald criteria 2001) and its revision by Polman etal 2005. All our cases were from both sexes and of different age group ranging from 18 years old to 51 years old. there were subtypes of MS included in our study which were relapsing remitting (RR), and secondary progressive (SP). All cases were from Ain-shams university hospitals, outpatient clinics. Results this study was conducted in Ain-shams university hospitals out-patient clinics, it included 17 patients previously diagnosed as MS. The age in our study was ranging from 18 to 51 years old with mean age of 33.67± 9.37.Our cases were from both sex with prevelance of female patients. Conclusion these findings illustrate the role of perimetry in detecting both clinically overt & and clinically occult optic nerve involvement in patients with MS. It quantifies the depth of visual field loss, identifies atypical cases of optic neuritis, aids in counseling patients about prognosis.

scholarly journals Altered cortical phase- and amplitude-coupling in Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Siems ◽  
Johannes Tünnerhoff ◽  
Ulf Ziemann ◽  
Markus Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can result in cognitive decline and physical disability. However, related functional changes in large-scale brain interactions remain poorly understood and corresponding non-invasive biomarkers are sparse. Here, we measured magnetoencephalography in 17 relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients at an early disease stage (median EDSS = 1.5, range 0 to 3.5) and 17 healthy controls to investigate brain-wide phase- and amplitude-coupling of frequency specific neuronal activity. We developed a new analysis approach that combines dimensionality reduction, bootstrap aggregating and multivariate classification to identify changes of brain-wide coupling in Multiple Sclerosis. We identified systematic and non-redundant changes of both phase- and amplitude-coupling. Changes included both, increased and decreased neuronal coupling in wide-spread, bilateral neuronal networks across a broad range of frequencies. These changes allowed to successfully classify patients and controls with an accuracy of 84%. Furthermore, classification confidence predicted behavioral scores of disease severity. Our results unravel systematic changes of large-scale neuronal coupling in Multiple Sclerosis and suggest non-invasive electrophysiological coupling measures as powerful biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis.

scholarly journals Regulation of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 Expression in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients after Treatment with Fingolimod, IFNβ-1α, Glatiramer Acetate, and Dimethyl Fumarate Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Afshin Derakhshani ◽  
Zahra Asadzadeh ◽  
Hossein Safarpour ◽  
Patrizia Leone ◽  
Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation which typically results in significant impairment in most patients. Immune checkpoints act as co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules and play a fundamental role in keeping the equilibrium of the immune system. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), as inhibitory immune checkpoints, participate in terminating the development of numerous autoimmune diseases, including MS. We assessed the CTLA-4 and PD-L1 gene expression in the different cell types of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients using single-cell RNA-seq data. Additionally, this study outlines how CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression was altered in the PBMC samples of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared to the healthy group. Finally, it investigates the impact of various MS-related treatments in the CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression to restrain autoreactive T cells and stop the development of MS autoimmunity.

scholarly journals HIV infection and multiple sclerosis: a case with unexpected “no evidence of disease activity” status

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199957
Author(s):  
Fernando Labella ◽  
Fernando Acebrón ◽  
María del Carmen Blanco-Valero ◽  
Alba Rodrígez-Martín ◽  
Ángela Monterde Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Modifying

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system whose etiology remains unclear. It has been suggested that MS can be triggered by certain viruses; however, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with reduced incidence of MS. We present the case of a young patient diagnosed with active relapsing-remitting MS whose clinical course substantially improved following HIV infection and treatment. The patient achieved no evidence of disease activity status without any disease-modifying drugs. Both HIV-induced immunosuppression and antiretroviral therapy may have attenuated the clinical course in this patient.

A Case of Monocular Blurred Vision

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aaron E. Miller ◽  
Tracy M. DeAngelis ◽  
Michelle Fabian ◽  
Ilana Katz Sand
Keyword(s):  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Hyperintense Lesion ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Disease Modifying Agents ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, typically affects young to middle-aged adults. Women are affected nearly three times as often as men. The diagnosis requires the demonstration of dissemination in space (DIS) and time (DIT) in a patient with no better clinical explanation. Evidence for either DIS or DIT or both may now be obtained from MRI, in addition to clinical manifestations. The most widely used diagnostic criteria are known as the McDonald criteria, and have been revised several times, most recently in 2017. In the current criteria, DIS may be achieved by the demonstration of at least one lesion in at least two different locations: periventricular, cortical/juxtacortical, infratentorial, or spinal cord. DIT may be considered in an initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if there are simultaneously at least one gadolinium-enhancing lesion and one non-enhancing T2 hyperintense lesion; or alternatively, by the demonstration of a new lesion on any MRI subsequent to the first. The course of MS is characterized as relapsing-remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive, or primary progressive. Many effective disease-modifying agents are available for RRMS, but progressive forms have been much less successfully treated.

Multiple sclerosis attacks are associated with picornavirus infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Kriesel ◽  
Andrea White ◽  
Frederick G Hayden ◽  
S L Spruance ◽  
Jack Petajan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which often follows a relapsing-remitting (RR) course with discrete attacks. MS attacks have been associated with upper respiratory infections (URIs), but the specific viruses responsible have not been identified. We studied a cohort of 16 RRMS patients experiencing URI and followed them for clinically identifiable attacks. The viral causes of 21 separate URIs were investigated using culture and polymerase chain reactio n (PCR) of nasal swab specimens, and by serology. Sibley’s ‘at-risk’ period for MS attacks, beginning two weeks before and continuing for five weeks after a URI, was used for the analysis. Seven of the nine (78%) URIs due to picornaviruses were associated with an MS attack during the at-risk period. By contrast, only two of 12 (17%) picornavirus-negative URIs were associated with an MS attack (P =0.01). The possible role of picornaviruses in the patho genesis of MS deserves further study.

scholarly journals Assessment of the influence of various risk factors on the severity of psycho-emotional disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
T.A. Odintsova ◽  
O.O. Kopchak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an insidious disabling, both physically and mentally, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. People with multiple sclerosis, apart from the classic manifestations, can also experience depression and anxiety. The study was aimed to assess peculiarities of influence of socio-demographic, external factors, and characteristics of the disease on depression and anxiety among patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The following article highlights the main risk factors and their ways of influence on the aforementioned disorders, distinguished by the multifactorial analysis. Also, it estimates the frequency of different severity levels of either depression or anxiety depending on the pre-sence of each risk factor.

scholarly journals Fingolimod Regulates BDNF-AS and HOTAIR Expression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh khani Habibabadi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian ◽  
Mohammad Javan ◽  
Mehrdad Behmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Antisense Rna ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is expressed by neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, BDNF is responsible for neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Recent studies showed that the Fingolimod, the first oral medicine for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), induces BDNF expression. Besides, It is well demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a pivotal role in gene regulation. This study is mainly focused on how Fingolimod treatment plays role in BDNF regulation in coordination with lncRNAs. Methods: An in-silico study was performed to predict BDNF-regulatory candidate lncRNAs using online tools. Then, the expression of BDNF-related lncRNAs was analyzed in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) at baseline and after three months of Fingolimod treatment. Results: Based on in silico results, two lncRNAs with potential regulatory functions on the BDNF including, Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) and HOX Transcript Antisense RNA (HOTAIR), and also natural antisense of BDNF were selected. Fingolimod treatment increased the expression of HOTAIR lncRNA; however, the BDNF antisense RNA (BDNF-AS) expression was reduced dramatically. Furthermore, the results indicate a positive correlation between HOTAIR and MALAT1 lncRNAs and BDNF. Also, after Fingolimod treatment, the patients' EDSS scores were declined or remained unchanged, indicating disease hindrance by Fingolimod therapy. Conclusion: Altogether, fingolimod exerts protective roles in RRMS patients probably by the mediation of HOTIAR and BDNF-AS lncRNAs.

Multiple Sclerosis Relapsing Remitting Progressive Type

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Fitri ◽  
Basjiruddin Ahmad ◽  
Yuliarni Syafrita
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
System A ◽  
Progressive Type ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurologic demyelinating disease in high-income countries. The causes of MS is multifactorial involve genetics and the environment in which immune cell infiltration occurs across the blood-brain barrier, causing inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and neuroaxonal degeneration in the substantia grisea in the central nervous system. A 23-year-old female patient was treated with four limbs weakened since 2 weeks ago accompanied by blurred vision, pain, cramps and stiffness in the back muscles and legs. The patient has experienced the same complaint before. Clinical findings reveal lhermitte sign, atrophy papillae, and tetraparese. On thoracic vertebral MRI examination without contrast and brain MRI with contrast obtained multiple sclerosis lesions. Patients receive steroid and antidepressant therapy. MS needs to be studied further because this number of cases began to emerge. 

An MRI study of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in Italian multiple sclerosis patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
L ME Grimaldi ◽  
A Pincherle ◽  
F Martinelli-Boneschi ◽  
M Filippi ◽  
F Patti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Mri Study

We amplified sequences of the Chlamydia pneumoniae (C P) major-outer membrane protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 23 of 107 (21.5%) relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and two of 77 (2.6%) patients with other neurological diseases (OND) (P =0.00022). C P+ patients showed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of more active disease (P =0.02) compared to CP-MS patients and tended to have an anticipation of age at disease onset (32.39-12 versus 28.59-10 years; P =ns) causing a longer disease duration (7.59-5 versus 4.49-4 years; P =0.016) at the time of clinical evaluation. These findings, although indirectly, suggest that C P infection of the central nervous system (C NS) might affect disease course in a subgroup of MS patients.

New versus old: Implications of evolving diagnostic criteria for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuala McNicholas ◽  
Andrew Lockhart ◽  
Siew M Yap ◽  
Karen O’Connell ◽  
Niall Tubridy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Time To Diagnosis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

The International Panel on Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) recently revised the 2010 McDonald criteria and made recommendations for revision, allowing for the earliest possible, accurate diagnosis of MS. For relapsing–remitting MS, positive, unmatched cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands may substitute for dissemination in time. Symptomatic lesions, including brainstem and spinal cord, may demonstrate dissemination in space or in time if enhancing (with the exception of the optic nerve). Cortical and juxtacortical lesions are equivalent. In this retrospective analysis, we applied revised criteria to 250 patients previously diagnosed with relapsing–remitting MS according to 2010 criteria and assessed for change in diagnostic times. There was a significant improvement in time to diagnosis between 2010 and 2017 groups ( p < 0.01). Median time to diagnosis according to McDonald 2010 was 7.4 months, compared with 2.3 months for McDonald 2017. Use of cerebrospinal fluid results most frequently resulted in a reduction in time to diagnosis. Symptomatic gadolinium-enhancing lesions led to earliest diagnostic times.

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