Effect of Experimentally Induced Chronic Kidney disease on Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscle fibers of albino rat

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Lotfy ◽  
Amel Soliman ◽  
Nevine Bahaa ◽  
Mohammed Hegazi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD), or chronic renal failure (CRF) as it was historically termed, includes all degrees of decreased renal function, starting from mild, and moderate, to severe chronic kidney failure. Skeletal muscle atrophy frequently complicates the course of CKD and is associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular diseases have been reported to be the leading causes of death in CKD patients. Chronic Kidney Disease was also reported to be associated with an increased incidence of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Aim of the work The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic kidney disease experimentally induced by gentamicin intramuscular injection on the histological structure of gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, left ventricular cardiac muscle and smooth muscle fibers of lower esophagus. Materials and methods Twenty male adult Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into two groups. Group I (control group) received physiological saline intramuscular injection, once daily for 28 consecutive days, in a dose equivalent to that taken in group II. Group II (Gentamicin-treated group) were given Gentamicin intramuscular injection for induction of CKD. Gentamicin was given as Gentamycin sulfate, 40 mg/ml (Sandoz, Switzerland), once daily, in a dose of 80 mg/kg/day for 28 days to induce CKD. After 28 days of the first injection of gentamicin, rats were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected to measure the level of serum urea and creatinine. The left kidneys, the middle third of left gastrocnemius muscle, the lateral wall of left ventricle (LV) and the gastroesophageal junction of all rats of both groups (I and II) were processed for light microscopic study. The middle third of left gastrocnemius muscle, the lateral wall of left ventricle (LV) were further processed for transmission electron microscopic study. Histomorphometrical and statistical analysis were also done. Results The LM examination revealed moderate obliteration of glomeruli, dilatation in some renal tubules and collapse in others, mainly in distal convoluted tubules, with significant fibrosis of renal parenchyma. Serum urea and creatinine levels were increased significantly. The skeletal muscle fibers of the rats in group II (CKD) showed focal areas of myofibers degeneration with siginificant fibrosis. The cardiac muscle fibers of the rats in the group II (CKD) showed focal areas of cardiomyocytes degeneration and other areas of significantly hypertrophied fibers. The smooth muscle fibers of the lower esophageal sphincter of the rats in group II (CKD) showed no significant structural changes compared with the control group, however, the myenetric plexus showed multiple pyknotic and karyolitic nuclei with vacuolated cytoplasm. In addition, insignificant increase in the amount of collagen fibers was observed in almost all layers. Conclusion CKD produced moderate atrophy of skeletal muscle fibers, significant increase in the cardiomyocyte size and no significant structural effect of smooth muscle fibers of the lower esophageal sphincter.

scholarly journals The Correlation between Serum Creatinine and PTH Levels in Dialysis Patients in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S154-S154
Author(s):  
A S Boraik ◽  
M Abdelmonem ◽  
M Shedid ◽  
H M Abd Elaal ◽  
A Elhusseny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Introduction/Objective Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is affecting about 14% of the general population. CKD is associated with a decrease in calcium level in the body. In the early stages of (CKD), dialysis may not be needed. The late stages of CKD will require dialysis or a kidney transplant to save a life. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a crucial disorder in CKD patients. It explains why the illness causes a significant change in bone and mineral metabolism. This study aims to study renal hyperparathyroidism (rHPT) in dialysis patients with late-stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods/Case Report A total of 55 subjects were enrolled in this study for late-stage dialysis patients from Egypt. Serum creatinine and PTH levels were measured. Among the 55 subjects; 41 subjects (74.5%) were males, 14 subjects (25.5%) were females with a mean age of 52.7 and 34.3 years for males and females, respectively. Subjects were divided into two groups; Study group I consists of 33 dialysis patients; three patients were females (9%) while 30 patients were males (91%), and control group II consists of 22 healthy individuals, 11 subjects were females (50%), and 11 subjects were males (50%). Results (if a Case Study enter NA) In our study, in comparison between two groups as regards blood investigations. The means of creatinine and PTH in the study group I were 8.93 mg/dl and 316.8, while in the control group II were 0.9, and 38.4 respectively. Comparing the two groups shows that mean of Creatinine and PTH in the study group was statistically significantly higher than the control group (p-value less than 0.001). Conclusion In patients with CKD, accurate measurement of (PTH) is critical for treatment decision-making to reduce the risk of bone and cardiovascular diseases. We recommend that patients with diabetes and high blood pressure be aware that they must take their medications consistently to avoid kidney problems.

scholarly journals Chronic kidney disease in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant damage to the cardiovascular system

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
R. V. Royuk ◽  
S. K. Yarovoy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Recurrent Nephrolithiasis

Introduction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly diagnosed in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and also manifests itself in most patients with urolithiasis. Numerous studies have shown that renal dysfunction is not only directly related to the high risk of developing various CVDs and chronic heart failure (CHF) as one of the most common complications but also the mortality rate in comorbid patients. CKD and CHF have similar pathogenetic mechanisms and common target organs; co-existing, both pathological conditions accelerate the progression of major diseases and significantly aggravate their course. In patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis combined with CVDs, all the causes leading to the formation of CKD (recurrent obstructive pyelonephritis, nephroangiosclerosis, etc.) are present to some extent.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of CKD in patients suffering from recurrent urolithiasis associated with CVDs.Materials and methods. The prospective study included 406 patients who were treated for recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant CVDs from 2007 to 2020 (Urology Division, Burdenko Principal Military Clinical Hospital). From long-term follow-up respondents who lived at least 10 years after inclusion in the study (n = 52), three groups were formed: group I (n = 18) included patients with a combination of essential hypertension (EH) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), complicated by CHF; group II (n = 15) consisted of patients with uncomplicated CVDs (EH – 7 patients, IHD – 8 patients). The control group III (n = 19) included respondents suffering from nephrolithiasis without CVDs. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) following the Russian National Guidelines for «Chronic Kidney Disease». The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using Statistica 8.0; the Fisher and Wilcoxon criteria were calculated; the differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.Results. All patients included in the study were repeatedly hospitalized urgently and as planned and underwent at least one non-invasive manipulation or surgery. The average age of the patients was 58.9 ± 2.95 years; men predominated (~ 75 – 78%). A GFR decrease was recorded in 41.1% of patients included in the study, in 40.5% of patients with a combination of nephrolithiasis and uncomplicated CVDs, Also, its decrease was found in 60 (58.8%) of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in 41.1% of cases from the general sample and 40.5% of patients without CHF. CKD stage II occurred in 44 (43.1%) cases of CHF; CKD stages III Ca and Cb were detected in 10 (9.8%) and 4 (1%) cases, respectively; CKD stage IV developed in 1 (0.25%) patient with one of the re-hospitalizations. Of the 52 patients included in the second study part, the ratio of men and women was 41/11 (78.8 and 21.2%, respectively). All three groups were also dominated by men. The initial values of GFR in group I patients significantly differed from those in the control group; in group II, statistically significant differences appeared 4 years after the s the study initiation, and in group I – after 2 years. A sharp (1.5-fold) significant decrease in renal filtration function was registered in group I by the 6th research year, in group II (1.3-fold) – by the 8th research year, and in group III (1.28-fold) – only by the 10th research year. The GFR level in group I and group II decreased during the 1st follow-up year by 2.36 and 1.65 times, respectively.Conclusion. CKD in patients suffering from recurrent nephrolithiasis in combination with IHD and EH is generally benign. The progression rate of filtration deficiency is relatively low and is (at least in the early stages) about 4.5 ml/min per year. The addition of CHF increases the rate of decline in renal filtration function by up to 25% (from 4 ml/min per year to 5 ml/min per year). The main negative effect of concomitant CVDs (especially complicated CHF) is not an ultrahigh decrease in GFR but a reduction in kidney functioning stable period up to complete cessation.

P0203EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma Sultan ◽  
Hamdy Omar ◽  
Housseini Ahmed ◽  
Mahmoud Elprince ◽  
Osama Anter adly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inpatient Ward ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Ckd Stage

Abstract Background and Aims Vascular calcification (VC) plays a major role in cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the main causes of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study aims at early detection of breast arterial calcification (BAC) in different stages of CKD (stage 2, 3& 4) patients as an indicator of systemic VC. Method A case control study was conducted targeting CKD women, aged 18- 60 years old. The sample was divided into 3 groups; A,B,C (representing stage 2, 3 & 4 of CKD) from women who attended nephrology and Internal medicine clinics and admitted in inpatient ward in Suez Canal University Hospital. A 4th group (D) was formed as a control group and included women with normal kidney functions (each group (A, B, C, D) include 22 women). The selected participants were subjected to history taking, mammogram to detect BAC and biochemical assessment of lipid profile, Serum creatinine (Cr), Mg, P, Ca, PTH and FGF23. Results Our study detected presence of BAC in about 81.8% of hypertensive stage 4 CKD patients compared with 50% in stage 3 CKD, also in the majority of stage 4 CKD patients who had abnormal lipid profile parameters and electrolyte disturbance. Most of the variables had statistical significance regarding the presence of BAC. Conclusion Although it is difficult to determine the definite stage at which the risk of VC begins but in our study, it began late in stage 2 CKD, gradually increased prevalence through stage 3 and became significantly higher in stage 4. These results suggest that preventive strategies may need to begin as early as stage 2 CKD.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7806
Author(s):  
Patricia Tomás-Simó ◽  
Luis D’Marco ◽  
María Romero-Parra ◽  
Mari Carmen Tormos-Muñoz ◽  
Guillermo Sáez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Molecular Lines

Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality at any stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, the high rate of cardiovascular mortality observed in these patients is associated with an accelerated atherosclerosis process that likely starts at the early stages of CKD. Thus, traditional and non-traditional or uremic-related factors represent a link between CKD and cardiovascular risk. Among non-conventional risk factors, particular focus has been placed on anaemia, mineral and bone disorders, inflammation, malnutrition and oxidative stress and, in this regard, connections have been reported between oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Methods: We evaluated the oxidation process in different molecular lines (proteins, lipids and genetic material) in 155 non-dialysis patients at different stages of CKD and 45 healthy controls. To assess oxidative stress status, we analyzed oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH) and other oxidation indicators, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). Results: An active grade of oxidative stress was found from the early stages of CKD onwards, which affected all of the molecular lines studied. We observed a heightened oxidative state (indicated by a higher level of oxidized molecules together with decreased levels of antioxidant molecules) as kidney function declined. Furthermore, oxidative stress-related alterations were significantly greater in CKD patients than in the control group. Conclusions: CKD patients exhibit significantly higher oxidative stress than healthy individuals, and these alterations intensify as eGFR declines, showing significant differences between CKD stages. Thus, future research is warranted to provide clearer results in this area.

scholarly journals Effect of MgCl2 and GdCl3 on ORAI1 Expression and Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry in Megakaryocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3292
Author(s):  
Kuo Zhou ◽  
Xuexue Zhu ◽  
Ke Ma ◽  
Jibin Liu ◽  
Bernd Nürnberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Store Depletion

In chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia upregulates the Ca2+ channel ORAI and its activating Ca2+ sensor STIM in megakaryocytes and platelets. ORAI1 and STIM1 accomplish store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and play a key role in platelet activation. Signaling linking phosphate to upregulation of ORAI1 and STIM1 includes transcription factor NFAT5 and serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. In vascular smooth muscle cells, the effect of hyperphosphatemia on ORAI1/STIM1 expression and SOCE is suppressed by Mg2+ and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist Gd3+. The present study explored whether sustained exposure to Mg2+ or Gd3+ interferes with the phosphate-induced upregulation of NFAT5, SGK1, ORAI1,2,3, STIM1,2 and SOCE in megakaryocytes. To this end, human megakaryocytic Meg-01 cells were treated with 2 mM ß-glycerophosphate for 24 h in the absence and presence of either 1.5 mM MgCl2 or 50 µM GdCl3. Transcript levels were estimated utilizing q-RT-PCR, protein abundance by Western blotting, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by Fura-2 fluorescence and SOCE from the increase in [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion with thapsigargin (1 µM). As a result, Mg2+ and Gd3+ upregulated CaSR and blunted or virtually abolished the phosphate-induced upregulation of NFAT5, SGK1, ORAI1,2,3, STIM1,2 and SOCE in megakaryocytes. In conclusion, Mg2+ and the CaSR agonist Gd3+ interfere with phosphate-induced dysregulation of [Ca2+]i in megakaryocytes.

scholarly journals Chronic kidney disease predicts poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmut Gok ◽  
Hakki Cetinkaya ◽  
Tugba Kandemir ◽  
Erdem Karahan ◽  
İzzet Burak Tuncer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Comorbid Diseases ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract Purpose The recent outbreak of COVID-19 rapidly spread worldwide. Comorbid diseases are determinants of the severity of COVID-19 infection and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the potential association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the severity of COVID-19 infection. Methods The study included 609 consecutive adult patients (male: 54.52%, mean age: 59.23 ± 15.55 years) hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 in a tertiary level hospital. Data were collected from the electronic health records of the hospital. The patients were separated into two groups: Group I included COVID-19-positive patients with CKD stage 1–2, and Group II included COVID-19-positive with CKD stage 3–5. The relationships were examined between CKD stage, laboratory parameters and mortality. Results Significant differences were determined between the groups in respect of the inflammation parameters and the parameters used in prognosis. In Group II, statistically significantly higher rates were determined of comorbid diseases [hypertension (p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (AKI), which was found to be associated with mortality (p < 0.001), and mortality (p < 0.001)]. In multivariate regression analysis, CKD stage 3–5, AKI, male gender, hypertension, DM and malignancy were found to be significant independent variables increasing mortality. Conclusion The prevelance of CKD stage 3–5 on admission is associated with a high risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. Close follow-up can be recommended for patients with a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

scholarly journals Role of Serum Transferrin Receptor in Diagnosing and Differentiating Iron Deficiency Anemia from Anemia of Chronic Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif ◽  
Muhammad Rafiqul Alam ◽  
Asia Khanam ◽  
Farhana Hoque ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and this is generally anemia of chronic disease, but iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is also common. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a useful marker for IDA. Present study was undertaken to assess the utility of sTfR as a marker of IDA in selected group of Bangladeshi patients with CKD.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2014. Patients with anemia admitted in nephrology department whether on hemodialysis or not and medicine department of BSMMU were taken for study. The study population was further divided into two groups; Group A, patients who are having IDA and Group B, patients with ACD and a control group was also selected. Data were collected by face to face interview and laboratory investigations with a self-administered questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the patients in two study groups were 38.40±13.23 and 34.85±10.52 years respectively and male-female ratio were 0.5:1 and 1:0.5. Mean sTfR level was higher (4.81± 1.64 ?g/ml) in patients with IDA than (2.89±1.40 ?g/ml) in patients with ACD (p <0.0001). In our study mean ferritin level was 599.59± 449.15?g/L in ACD patients whereas 101.23±119.42 in IDA patients (p<0.0001). Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was more in ACD patients with sTfRe”3?g/ml as compared to ACD patients with sTfR<3?g/ml. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) level was significantly decreased in ACD patients with sTfR ?3?g/ml as compared to ACD patients with sTfR<3?g/ml.Conclusion: sTfR has a comparable ability to S. ferritin in diagnosing IDA and ACD. However, sTfR and serum ferritin alone cannot definitely exclude co-existing iron deficiency in ACD. As sTfR is not affected by infection and/or inflammation, thus providing a non-invasive alternative to bone marrow study.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(2): 132-137

Structure of the cortical cytoskeleton in fibers of postural muscles and cardiomyocytes of mice after 30-day 2-g centrifugation

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Ogneva ◽  
V. Gnyubkin ◽  
N. Laroche ◽  
M. V. Maximova ◽  
I. M. Larina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transverse Stiffness ◽  
G 12 ◽  
Cortical Cytoskeleton

Altered external mechanical loading during spaceflights causes negative effects on muscular and cardiovascular systems. The aim of the study was estimation of the cortical cytoskeleton statement of the skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. The state of the cortical cytoskeleton in C57BL6J mice soleus, tibialis anterior muscle fibers, and left ventricle cardiomyocytes was investigated after 30-day 2- g centrifugation (“2- g” group) and within 12 h after its completion (“2- g + 12-h” group). We used atomic force microscopy for estimating cell's transverse stiffness, Western blotting for measuring protein content, and RT-PCR for estimating their expression level. The transverse stiffness significantly decreased in cardiomyocytes (by 16%) and increased in skeletal muscles fibers (by 35% for soleus and by 29% for tibialis anterior muscle fibers) in animals of the 2-g group (compared with the control group). For cardiomyocytes, we found that, in the 2- g + 12-h group, α-actinin-1 content decreased in the membranous fraction (by 27%) and increased in cytoplasmic fraction (by 28%) of proteins (compared with the levels in the 2- g group). But for skeletal muscle fibers, similar changes were noted for α-actinin-4, but not for α-actinin-1. In conclusion, we showed that the different isoforms of α-actinins dissociate from cortical cytoskeleton under increased/decreased of mechanical load.

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