scholarly journals A biopsychosocial network model of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement_5) ◽  
pp. v10-v21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinie Geenen ◽  
Emma Dures
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract Fatigue in RA is prevalent, intrusive and disabling. We propose a network model of fatigue encompassing multiple and mutually interacting biological, psychological and social factors. Guided by this model, we reviewed the literature to offer a comprehensive overview of factors that have been associated with fatigue in RA. Six categories of variables were found: physical functioning, psychological functioning, medical status, comorbidities and symptoms, biographical variables and miscellaneous variables. We then systematically reviewed associations between fatigue and factors commonly addressed by rheumatology health professionals. Correlations of fatigue with physical disability, poor mental well-being, pain, sleep disturbance and depression and anxiety were ∼0.50. Mostly these correlations remained significant in multivariate analyses, suggesting partly independent influences on fatigue and differences between individuals. These findings indicate the importance of research into individual-specific networks of biopsychosocial factors that maintain fatigue and tailored interventions that target the influencing factors most relevant to that person.

Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing and Systematic Relaxation on Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Yadav ◽  
Rajeev Mohan Kaushik ◽  
Reshma Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract This prospective study assessed the effects of diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation on depression, anxiety, and stress levels, as well as glycemic control, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One hundred patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to two equal groups: Group A patients received conventional treatment for T2DM, and Group B patients received conventional treatment for T2DM plus training in diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation and home practice of these stress-management techniques for 6 months. Stress, depression, and anxiety levels, blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded at baseline and after 6 months of treatment in all patients. Baseline characteristics were compared using the chi-square test and student’s t test. Changes in mental well-being and glycemic status were assessed for their significance in each group using student’s t test and compared between two groups using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Baseline levels of the respective change outcome and duration of diabetes were used as covariates in the ANCOVA. A significant decrease was seen in depression, anxiety, and stress scores in Group B, but in Group A only the stress score decreased after 6 months. A significant decline occurred in blood sugar (fasting, 2-hour postprandial, and random) and HbA1c in both groups after 6 months. There was a larger decrease in depression and anxiety scores and HbA1c in Group B than in Group A. The decrease in HbA1c was significantly correlated with the decrease in anxiety and stress scores in both groups and with the depression score in Group A. Thus, the addition of diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation to conventional T2DM treatment appears to have led to improvement in mental well-being and glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

Reply to ‘Hormone replacement therapy: informed consent without assessment?’

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 826-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Assessment Requirements

In a previous article, I argued that assessment requirements for transgender hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are unethical and dehumanising. A recent response published by the Journal of Medical Ethics criticises this proposal. In this reply, I advance that their response misunderstood core parts of my argument and fails to provide independent support for assessment requirements. Though transition-related care may have similarities with cosmetic surgeries, this does not suffice to establish a need for assessments, and nor do the high rates of depression and anxiety justify assessments, especially given the protective role HRT plays towards mental well-being.

Exercise, physical activity and mental well-being in later life

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Windle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Mental Well Being

SummaryExercise and physical activity are thought to be among the most important lifestyle factors for the maintenance of health and prevention of premature disease and mortality. Yet sedentary lifestyles are common. Many people avoid exercise, and have done so across their lifespan. Exercise and physical activity are also considered important for positive psychological functioning; however, this has received limited research attention. This mini-review discusses the effects of exercise and physical activity on mental health and well-being in later life. It draws on international peer reviewed research, summarized in systematic reviews and/or meta-anlaysis, and presents the key findings. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally confirm the importance of exercise for mental well-being; however, there is a lack of good quality research. The review discusses some of the barriers to exercise, and identifies strategies that may facilitate uptake and adherence in later life. Limitations in the current evidence are discussed. Based on the current evidence, it is recommended that health practitioners should encourage exercise or physical activity of low to moderate intensity, and leisure time activity such as walking, especially at retirement. Future intervention research would benefit by focusing on people who have not self-selected into studies so as to understand the causal direction, and include theory driven approaches to behaviour change.

scholarly journals Impact of Mental wellbeing and Quality of Life on Depression, Anxiety and Stress among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Mukund ◽  
Rejani Thudalikunil Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) manifest a wide range of stress responses ranging from disbelief, denial, fear to extreme conditions of anxiety disorders, depression and even suicidal thoughts. These complications can have a significant impact on daily functioning and greatly diminish quality of life. Mental wellbeing and Quality of Life can help in better management of stress and facilitate adaptive coping among PLWHA. Aim: The research examined the impact of mental wellbeing and Quality of Life on Depression, Anxiety and Stress among people living with HIV/AIDS infection. Research Design: Cross sectional survey design was used. Sample: A sample of 60 people (males and females of equal number) over the age of 18 years and with the diagnosis for HIV/AIDS for more than six months participated in the study. Tools used: To assess the depression, anxiety and stress among PLWHA, DASS scale was used and to assess their psychological wellbeing, Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being scale was used. In order to assess their present status of QOL regarding the illness, WHO’s QOL HIV-BREF Scale was used. Results: Majority of the PLWHA had moderate level of anxiety and mild level of depression after being diagnosed. Most of the participants have positive mental well-being and had enhanced quality of life. Conclusion: A direct effect of mental wellbeing has been found on the depression, anxiety and stress among PLWHA indicating that higher the mental wellbeing of the PLWHA, the greater is the likelihood that they do not suffer from depression, exhibit less anxiety and are living a stress free life and vice versa. The study also found direct impact of QOL on psychological distress, depression and anxiety among PLWHA i.e. poor QOL of PLWHA makes them more prone to and vulnerable to stress, depression and anxiety and vice versa.

Mind–Body Interventions and Sleep: Dealing with Stress and Improving Emotional Wellness

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-194
Author(s):  
Sophie von Garnier ◽  
Shauna L. Shapiro ◽  
Jason C. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Emotional Wellness ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Mental Well Being

Research has shown that sleep is essential to our physical and mental well-being. In this chapter, the authors discuss the relationships between psychological functioning, stress, and sleep, demonstrating that sleep plays a key role in cognitive and emotional processes and mental health. They also illustrate how various psychological factors contribute to sleep disturbance and explore different relaxation techniques shown to improve sleep quality, including deep breathing, guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness meditation. Finally, the authors examine Mindfulness-Based Therapy for Insomnia, a pioneering intervention that integrates cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness training.

Impact of Physical Disability on Pursuit of Gardening Activities in Mid-Aged Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Pachana ◽  
Judith L. Kidd ◽  
Fiona M. Alpass
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Disabled Women

Research on horticultural therapy approaches suggest that its positive impact on clients may extend beyond direct rehabilitation or vocational gains to more generally improved well-being. Persons in rehabilitation programs may relate to gardening as a previously enjoyed past time, or as a new activity for either leisure or employment purposes. While gardening is a popular leisure activity in many countries, few studies have looked at what specific gardening activities community-based populations pursue. As part of a larger mail-out survey looking at gardening interests of mid-aged women, a sub-sample of physically disabled women was compared to healthy age-matched women on gardening activities and interests. Physical and psychological functioning and well-being were also sampled. Both groups completed the SF-36 Health Survey for Australia/New Zealand, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and a gardening questionnaire tapping gardening activities and hours per month on these activities, as well as the reasons for pursuing gardening. Group differences emerged on physical and psychological functioning variables, but for virtually all gardening variables, group differences were minimal. Overall findings suggest that for this sample of mid-aged women, the presence of physical disability or limitation did not adversely affect their access to and enjoyment of gardening activities.

The shared and unique genetic relationship between mental well-being, depression and anxiety symptoms and cognitive function in healthy twins

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie M. Routledge ◽  
Karen L. O. Burton ◽  
Leanne M. Williams ◽  
Anthony Harris ◽  
Peter R. Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Mental Well Being

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnant women in Denmark during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110132
Author(s):  
Gritt Overbeck ◽  
Ida Scheel Rasmussen ◽  
Volkert Siersma ◽  
Julie Høgsgaard Andersen ◽  
Jakob Kragstrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Mental Well Being

Aims: Maternal mental distress in pregnancy can be damaging to the mother’s and child’s physical and mental health. This study aimed to provide an insight into mental well-being of pregnant women in Denmark during COVID-19 by assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: Data from two cohorts of pregnant women recruited from Danish general practice were compared. A COVID-19 lockdown cohort ( N=330) completed questionnaires between 8 April and 6 May. Responses were compared to those from a control cohort of women from 2016 ( N=1428). Mental well-being was measured with the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the Anxiety Symptom Scale (ASS). Results: Questionnaires were returned by 83% of the COVID-19 lockdown cohort and by 93% of the control cohort. Multivariable analysis controlling for age, cohabitation status, occupation, smoking, alcohol use, chronic disease, fertility treatment, parity and children living at home showed no difference in depressive symptoms (MDI). Anxiety symptoms (ASS) were slightly worse in the COVID-19 lockdown cohort (mean difference=1.4 points), mainly driven by questions concerning general anxiety. The largest differences in anxiety were seen in first trimester (adjusted mean difference=4.0 points). Conclusions: Pregnant women questioned during the COVID-19 pandemic showed no change in symptoms of depression and only a modest elevation of anxiety when compared to pregnant women questioned during a non-pandemic period in 2016.

Forgiveness Therapy for the Promotion of Mental Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Akhtar ◽  
Jane Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Forgiveness Therapy ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Well Being

Interpersonal hurts and violence against the individual have a high prevalence and are associated with a range of long-term problems in terms of psychological functioning. There is a growing body of research highlighting the role of forgiveness therapy in improving different aspects of psychological health in populations who have experienced diverse types of hurt, violence, or trauma. This article reports the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of process-based forgiveness interventions among samples of adolescents and adults who had experienced a range of sources of hurt or violence against them. Randomized controlled trials were retrieved using electronic databases and an examination of reference sections of previous reviews; each study was assessed for risk of bias. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess treatment effects. The results suggest that forgiveness interventions are effective in reducing depression (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI [−0.68, −0.07]), anger and hostility (SMD = −0.49, 95% CI [−0.77, −0.22]), and stress and distress (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.41]) and in promoting positive affect (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI [−0.52, −0.06]). There was also evidence of improvements in state (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI [−0.88, −0.21) and trait (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI [−0.67, −0.20]) forgiveness. The findings provide moderately strong evidence to suggest that forgiving a variety of real-life interpersonal offenses can be effective in promoting different dimensions of mental well-being. Further research is, however, needed.

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