scholarly journals T67. TRAUMA IN AFFECTIVE AND NONAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS: ASSOCIATIONS AND DISSOCIATIONS WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULTHOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S256-S257
Author(s):  
Josephine Mollon ◽  
Emma Knowles ◽  
Samuel Mathias ◽  
Amanda Rodrigue ◽  
Marinka Koenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
Lifetime Trauma ◽  
Group D

Abstract Background Childhood trauma and cognitive impairment are important risk factors for psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between trauma and psychosis throughout the lifespan, as well as between lifetime trauma and cognitive functioning, remain unclear. Methods Using data from a case-control study of African-American adults with psychotic disorders, we examined childhood and adult trauma, as well as their interaction with cognitive functioning, in adults with affective psychotic disorders (n=101), nonaffective psychotic disorders (n=109), non-psychotic psychiatric disorders (n=105), compared to controls (n=211). Childhood trauma was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), which produces dimensional measures of physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Adult trauma was measured using the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ), which ascertains the presence of death-, and personal-related traumas throughout adulthood. Cognitive functioning was measured using a comprehensive computerized battery (‘Charlie’, https://github.com/sammosummo/Charlie). Results All three psychiatric groups showed greater childhood trauma compared to controls, but the affective psychosis group showed the most trauma (Cohen d=0.97–1.29, p<0.001), followed by the nonaffective psychosis group (d=0.54–0.72, p<0.001), and then the non-psychotic group (d=0.05–0.16, p<0.04). Despite the fact that childhood trauma was significantly associated with adult trauma (OR=0.67–2.08,p<0.002), only the affective psychosis group showed a significantly increased likelihood of experiencing both death- and personal-related traumas in adulthood (OR=0.86–2.14, p<0.01), while the nonaffective psychosis group showed an increased likelihood of experiencing personal-related traumas (OR=1.00, p=0.003). Significant childhood-trauma-by-group interactions on cognitive functioning showed that greater childhood neglect was associated with better performance in the affective psychosis group on measures of processing speed (d=0.52, p=0.011), social processing (d=0.57, p=0.020), and executive functioning (d=0.50–0.71,p<0.020). A similar pattern emerged in the affective psychosis group with both death- and personal-related adult traumas on measures of processing speed (d=0.67–0.74, p<0.010), memory (d=0.67–0.68, p<0.014), and emotional processing (d=0.79, p=0.008). In the domain of complex reasoning, on the other hand, increased childhood sexual abuse in the affective psychosis group, and personal-related adult traumas in the psychosis group, showed a deleterious effect (d=–0.44, p=0.025; d=–0.65, p=0.010). Discussion Individuals with psychotic disorders, especially affective psychoses, experienced more childhood and adult trauma than controls, and also individuals with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. However, both childhood neglect and adult trauma were associated with better cognitive functioning in the affective psychosis group. One explanation for this seemingly paradoxical finding may be that traumatic experiences in childhood and adulthood lead to increased cognitive vulnerability, as typically seen in psychotic disorders. Thus, individuals who experience more lifetime trauma may follow a different pathway to psychosis, involving less neurodevelopmental impairment, but greater environmental stress, leading to more affective, rather than nonaffective, manifestations of psychosis.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment from early to middle adulthood in patients with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Mollon ◽  
Samuel R. Mathias ◽  
Emma E. M. Knowles ◽  
Amanda Rodrigue ◽  
Marinka M. G. Koenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
African American ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Middle Adulthood

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a core feature of psychotic disorders, but the profile of impairment across adulthood, particularly in African-American populations, remains unclear.MethodsUsing cross-sectional data from a case–control study of African-American adults with affective (n = 59) and nonaffective (n = 68) psychotic disorders, we examined cognitive functioning between early and middle adulthood (ages 20–60) on measures of general cognitive ability, language, abstract reasoning, processing speed, executive function, verbal memory, and working memory.ResultsBoth affective and nonaffective psychosis patients showed substantial and widespread cognitive impairments. However, comparison of cognitive functioning between controls and psychosis groups throughout early (ages 20–40) and middle (ages 40–60) adulthood also revealed age-associated group differences. During early adulthood, the nonaffective psychosis group showed increasing impairments with age on measures of general cognitive ability and executive function, while the affective psychosis group showed increasing impairment on a measure of language ability. Impairments on other cognitive measures remained mostly stable, although decreasing impairments on measures of processing speed, memory and working memory were also observed.ConclusionsThese findings suggest similarities, but also differences in the profile of cognitive dysfunction in adults with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders. Both affective and nonaffective patients showed substantial and relatively stable impairments across adulthood. The nonaffective group also showed increasing impairments with age in general and executive functions, and the affective group showed an increasing impairment in verbal functions, possibly suggesting different underlying etiopathogenic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Forte ◽  
Vilfredo De Pascalis ◽  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Maria Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background: High blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. However, this relationship is unclear. This study aims to systematically review the effects of blood pressure on executive functioning, language, memory, attention and processing speed. Methods: The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA-Statement, using the PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and MEDLINE databases. Restrictions were made by selecting studies, which included one or more cognitive measures and reported blood pressure recordings. Studies that included participants with medical conditions or people diagnosed with dementia, psychiatric disorders, stroke and head trauma were excluded. The review allows selecting fifty studies that included 107,405 participants. The results were reported considering different cognitive domains separately: global cognitive functioning, attention, processing speed, executive functions, memory and visuospatial abilities. Results: Higher blood pressure appears to influence cognitive performance in different domains in the absence of dementia and severe cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes. This relationship seems to be independent of demographic factors (gender and education), medical co-morbidity (diabetes), and psychiatric disorders (depression). Furthermore, it presents different patterns considering ageing. In the elderly, a sort of “cardiovascular paradox” is highlighted, which allows considering higher blood pressure as a protective factor for cognitive functioning. Conclusions: The results underline that higher blood pressure is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline in people without dementia or stroke. These findings highlight the need to introduce early management of blood pressure, even in the absence of clinical hypertension, to prevent the risk of a decline of cognitive functioning typically associated with ageing.

scholarly journals A-013 The Impact of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders on Late-Life Cognitive Functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-803
Author(s):  
Delgadillo M ◽  
Boese A ◽  
Frank M ◽  
Schulte T ◽  
Fairchild J
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Research indicates that the presence of psychiatric disorders is predictive of cognitive performance and increases the risk of developing dementia. Some have found that psychiatric disorders decrease cognitive performance while others have found that they increase cognitive performance. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate the relationship between psychiatric disorders and cognitive performance in older Veterans. Method The convenience sample included 216 older Veterans who were screened at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System (94% male, age = 71.8 ± 8.3). Psychiatric disorders (e.g., mood and anxiety disorders) were assessed using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-IV. Domains of cognitive performance (e.g., Learning and Memory, Executive Function, Processing Speed, Attention, Visuospatial Ability, and Language) were measured using a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery. Results Results indicated that 25% of the sample had depression (n = 56) and 16% had anxiety (n = 34). Psychiatric diagnoses largely had no effect on executive function, processing speed, or language. Age was found to moderate the association between depression and learning and memory, though there were no main effects for depression on learning and memory. Anxiety was significantly associated with learning and memory performance, and age was found to further moderate that relationship. Age also moderated the association between depression and attention, though no main effects for depression were seen in the model. Anxiety had no effect on attention. Conclusions Age and psychiatric diagnoses interact to differentially impact cognitive functioning in late life. These findings support prior research on the complex relationship between psychiatric disorders and late-life cognitive impairment.

Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENEE D. GOODWIN ◽  
MURRAY B. STEIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Childhood Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physical Disorders

Background. The goal of this investigation was to determine the association between self-reported childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States.Method. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (N=S877). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and childhood neglect and the likelihood of specific physical disorders among adults.Results. Childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect were associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of a wide range of physical illnesses during adulthood. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifetime anxiety and depressive disorders, alcohol and substance dependence, and all types of trauma: results showed that childhood physical abuse was associated with increased risk of lung disease (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)), peptic ulcer (OR=1·5 (1·03, 2·2)) and arthritic disorders (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)); childhood sexual abuse was associated with increased risk of cardiac disease (OR=3·7 (1·5, 9·4)); and childhood neglect was associated with increased risk of diabetes (OR=2·2 (1·1, 4·4)) and autoimmune disorders (OR=4·4 (1·7, 11·6)).Conclusions. Consistent with previous work, these results suggest that self-reported childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of a range of physical illnesses during adulthood. Future research that includes replication of these findings using prospectively assessed physical and mental disorders with objectively measured biological data using a longitudinal design, including other known risk factors for these diseases and more detailed information on specific forms of abuse, is needed to understand the potential mechanisms of these links.

scholarly journals The relationship between cognitive functioning and psychopathology in patients with psychiatric disorders: a transdiagnostic network analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
UnYoung Chavez-Baldini ◽  
Dorien H. Nieman ◽  
Amos Keestra ◽  
Anja Lok ◽  
Roel J. T. Mocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Network Analyses

Abstract Background Patients with psychiatric disorders often experience cognitive dysfunction, but the precise relationship between cognitive deficits and psychopathology remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between domains of cognitive functioning and psychopathology in a transdiagnostic sample using a data-driven approach. Methods Cross-sectional network analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between domains of psychopathology and cognitive functioning and detect clusters in the network. This naturalistic transdiagnostic sample consists of 1016 psychiatric patients who have a variety of psychiatric diagnoses, such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive−compulsive and related disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed using various questionnaires. Core cognitive domains were assessed with a battery of automated tests. Results Network analysis detected three clusters that we labelled: general psychopathology, substance use, and cognition. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, verbal memory, and visual attention were the most central nodes in the network. Most associations between cognitive functioning and symptoms were negative, i.e. increased symptom severity was associated with worse cognitive functioning. Cannabis use, (subclinical) psychotic experiences, and anhedonia had the strongest total negative relationships with cognitive variables. Conclusions Cognitive functioning and psychopathology are independent but related dimensions, which interact in a transdiagnostic manner. Depression, anxiety, verbal memory, and visual attention are especially relevant in this network and can be considered independent transdiagnostic targets for research and treatment in psychiatry. Moreover, future research on cognitive functioning in psychopathology should take a transdiagnostic approach, focusing on symptom-specific interactions with cognitive domains rather than investigating cognitive functioning within diagnostic categories.

The role of cognitive functioning in the relationship between childhood trauma and a mixed phenotype of affective-anxious-psychotic symptoms in psychotic disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mansueto ◽  
Martine van Nierop ◽  
Koen Schruers ◽  
Berhooz Z. Alizadeh ◽  
Agna A. Bartels-Velthuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Phenotype

scholarly journals Psychosis, victimisation and childhood disadvantage

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Bebbington ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Traolach Brugha ◽  
Nicola Singleton ◽  
Michael Farrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Social Contribution ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Childhood Disadvantage

BackgroundAdverse early circumstances may be more common in people who later develop psychotic disorders.AimsTo use data from the second British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity to examine associations between psychotic disorders and a number of early victimisation experiences.MethodPsychiatric disorders were identified through structured assessment of adults resident in private households in Britain (n=8580). Respondents were asked whether they had experienced selected events displayed on cards.ResultsCompared with respondents with other psychiatric disorders or with none, the prevalence of every experience bar one was significantly elevated in those with definite or probable psychosis. The largest odds ratio was for sexual abuse. Controlling for depressed mood somewhat reduced the odds ratios for the individual experiences.ConclusionsIn people with psychosis, there is a marked excess of victimising experiences, many of which will have occurred during childhood. This is suggestive of a social contribution to aetiology.

scholarly journals Influence of childhood trauma on diagnosis and substance use in first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tomassi ◽  
S. Tosato ◽  
V. Mondelli ◽  
C. Faravelli ◽  
A. Lasalvia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Episode Psychosis

BackgroundChildhood trauma has been significantly associated with first-episode psychosis, affective dysfunction and substance use.AimsTo test whether people with first-episode psychosis who had experienced childhood trauma, when compared with those who had not, showed a higher rate of affective psychosis and an increased lifetime rate of substance use.MethodThe sample comprised 345 participants with first-episode psychosis (58% male, mean age 29.8 years, s.d.=9.7).ResultsSevere sexual abuse was significantly associated with a diagnosis of affective psychosis (χ2=4.9, P=0.04) and with higher rates of lifetime use of cannabis (68% v. 41%; P = 0.02) and heroin (20% v. 5%; P=0.02). Severe physical abuse was associated with increased lifetime use of heroin (15% v. 5%; P = 0.03) and cocaine (32% v. 17%; P = 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with first-episode psychosis exposed to childhood trauma appear to constitute a distinctive subgroup in terms of diagnosis and lifetime substance use.

RepPer: Perception of Psychiatric Disorders on Twitter in French (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Delanys ◽  
Farah Benamara ◽  
Véronique Moriceau ◽  
François Olivier ◽  
Josiane Mothe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Annotation Scheme ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Initial Dataset

BACKGROUND With the advent of digital technology and specifically user generated contents in social media, new ways emerged for studying possible stigma of people in relation with mental health. Several pieces of work studied the discourse conveyed about psychiatric pathologies on Twitter considering mostly tweets in English and a limited number of psychiatric disorders terms. This paper proposes the first study to analyze the use of a wide range of psychiatric terms in tweets in French. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to study how generic, nosographic and therapeutic psychiatric terms are used on Twitter in French. More specifically, our study has three complementary goals: (1) to analyze the types of psychiatric word use namely medical, misuse, irrelevant, (2) to analyze the polarity conveyed in the tweets that use these terms (positive/negative/neural), and (3) to compare the frequency of these terms to those observed in related work (mainly in English ). METHODS Our study has been conducted on a corpus of tweets in French posted between 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2018 and collected using dedicated keywords. The corpus has been manually annotated by clinical psychiatrists following a multilayer annotation scheme that includes the type of word use and the opinion orientation of the tweet. Two analysis have been performed. First a qualitative analysis to measure the reliability of the produced manual annotation, then a quantitative analysis considering mainly term frequency in each layer and exploring the interactions between them. RESULTS One of the first result is a resource as an annotated dataset . The initial dataset is composed of 22,579 tweets in French containing at least one of the selected psychiatric terms. From this set, experts in psychiatry randomly annotated 3,040 tweets that corresponds to the resource resulting from our work. The second result is the analysis of the annotations; it shows that terms are misused in 45.3% of the tweets and that their associated polarity is negative in 86.2% of the cases. When considering the three types of term use, 59.5% of the tweets are associated to a negative polarity. Misused terms related to psychotic disorders (55.5%) are more frequent to those related to mood disorders (26.5%). CONCLUSIONS Some psychiatric terms are misused in the corpora we studied; which is consistent with the results reported in related work in other languages. Thanks to the great diversity of studied terms, this work highlighted a disparity in the representations and ways of using psychiatric terms. Moreover, our study is important to help psychiatrists to be aware of the term use in new communication media such as social networks which are widely used. This study has the huge advantage to be reproducible thanks to the framework and guidelines we produced; so that the study could be renewed in order to analyze the evolution of term usage. While the newly build dataset is a valuable resource for other analytical studies, it could also serve to train machine learning algorithms to automatically identify stigma in social media.

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