scholarly journals 0135 Self-Reported Sleep and Gut Microbiome Composition and Diversity: Associations in Well-Functioning Older Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A53-A53
Author(s):  
C Holingue ◽  
N T Mueller ◽  
T Tanaka ◽  
M K Differding ◽  
C W Chia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction The gut microbiome is believed to play an important role in health and disease, yet little is known about the link between sleep and the gut microbiome in humans. We investigated the association of self-reported sleep with gut microbiome composition and diversity in a cohort of well-functioning older adults. Methods We studied 791 participants (mean age = 71.5±12.0 years, 55% women) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging with self-report sleep measures and whole-genome DNA sequencing of stool samples. Predictors (modeled as continuous variables) included insomnia symptoms from the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS), sleep duration (<5, 5–6, 6–7, >7 hours), and frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). We tested their association with gut microbiome diversity (Shannon index) and relative abundance of individual taxa using Kendall Tau Correlation. Next, we assessed whether these sleep variables were associated with overall microbiome structure (Bray-Curtis), adjusting for age, sex, race, education, BMI, depressive symptoms, and number of comorbidities. Results Sleep duration was associated with overall microbiome composition (p<0.01), with longer sleep duration associated with lower biodiversity of microbes in the gut (p<0.05). In phylum-level analyses, higher WHIIRS total (i.e., more severe insomnia) was associated with lower relative abundance of Actinobacteria, while more frequent EDS was associated with lower relative abundance of Fusobacteria. More frequent trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, early waking, poorer sleep quality and higher WHIIRS total were associated with lower abundance of Synergistetes (all p<0.05). Conclusion In well-functioning older adults, self-reported sleep duration, symptoms of insomnia, and EDS were associated with microbiome diversity and composition. The phylum Synergistetes, which has been associated with protective humoral immune response in prior literature, may be an important correlate of insomnia symptoms in older adults. Future investigations are needed to examine the gut microbiome as a driver or mediator of sleep-health associations. Support This study was supported in part by National Institute on Aging (NIA) grant R01AG050507, the NIA Intramural Research Program (IRP), and Research and Development Contract HHSN-260-2004-00012C.

Abstract 029: Menopause Alters The Gut Microbiome In Hispanic/Latina Women Of The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), With Implications For Metabolic Syndrome

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandilyn Peters-samuelson ◽  
Juan Lin ◽  
Qibin Qi ◽  
Carmen R Isasi ◽  
Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Post Menopause ◽  
Post Menopausal

Introduction: During menopause, women experience an increase in cardiometabolic risk factors, thought to relate to aging and loss of endogenous estrogen. Menopause may also influence the gut microbiome, which plays a role in cardiometabolic risk. However, the menopause-microbiome relationship has not been examined in a large study and implications for disease are unknown. Hypothesis: Menopause alters gut microbiome composition, which may affect post-menopausal disease risk. Methods: Menopause was defined by self report of 12 months of amenorrhea, not due to surgery or other non-natural causes. Shotgun sequencing was used on stool from 2370 participants (301 pre-menopausal women; 1072 post-menopausal women; 997 men). Between pre- and post-menopausal women and age-matched men, we compared microbiome diversity, composition, and taxa. Results: Pre-menopausal women had higher gut microbiome diversity than post-menopausal women and men (all p<0.05, Figure 1a). Post-menopausal women also differed in overall microbiome composition from pre-menopausal women (p=0.005), while older and younger men did not differ from each other (p=0.70) (Figure 1b). We identified differentially abundant taxa between post- and pre-menopausal women, including class Betaproteobacteria and its genus Sutterella (enriched in post-menopause), and genera Shigella and Escherichia (depleted in post-menopause); associations were similar in comparisons of men vs. women, though the taxa did not differ between older and younger men (Figure 1c). In post-menopausal women, higher abundance of Shigella and Escherichia was associated with impaired fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL or diabetes treatment) (Figure 1d). Conclusions: Menopause is associated with a gut microbiome more similar to that of men, perhaps related to the common condition of a low estrogen state. In HCHS/SOL, menopause was associated with depletion of gut pathogens, which were related to increased diabetes risk. These findings require confirmation in other racial/ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Personality and Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
Darlynn Rojo-Wissar ◽  
Amal Wanigatunga ◽  
Eleanor Simonsick ◽  
Antonio Terracciano ◽  
Jennifer Schrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Personality and disturbed sleep are tied to medical morbidity in older adults. We examined associations of personality dimensions and facets from the five-factor model with reports of insomnia symptoms in 1,069 well-functioning older adults 60-97 (SD=8.64) years (51% women) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Personality was assessed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and insomnia symptoms measured by the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale. Adjusting for demographics and depressive symptoms, higher neuroticism (B=0.05, SE=-0.01, p&lt;.001) and lower conscientiousness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p&lt;.05) were associated with greater insomnia severity. Although openness, extraversion and agreeableness were not associated with insomnia, a facet of each was. Higher scores on the “positive emotions” facet of extraversion (B =-0.03, SE=-0.01, p&lt;.05) “ideas” facet of openness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p&lt;.05) and altruism facet of agreeableness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p&lt;.05) were associated with lower insomnia severity. Sleep disturbances may partially mediate personality’s influence on health. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Aging Interest Group.

Abstract 18: Gut Microbiome Modifies the Protective Effects of a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Against Diabetes Mellitus in US Hispanics/ Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Qibin Qi ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Mykhaylo Usyk ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Microbiome Composition

Introduction: Little is known about whether the effect of a healthy diet on diabetes mellitus (DM) is modified by the gut microbiome in human. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the gut microbiome modifies the inverse association between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and risk of DM. Methods: This study included 543 DM cases, 805 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 394 with normal glucose regulation (NGR) in adults 23-83yrs old from the HCHS/SOL. Fecal samples were profiled using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. We applied QIIME 2 to cluster sequences into OTUs and assign taxonomies, and PICRUSt to predict metagenomic gene functions. Adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated by a MedDiet index using the average of two 24-hr dietary recalls. We applied MaAsLin2 to quantify associations between the MedDiet index and microbial features with adjustment for confounding factors listed in the caption of Fig. 1. Results: MedDiet was associated with phylogenetically diverse, rare, and abundant gut microbes (Fig. 1a). For example, a higher MedDiet index was associated with a higher relative abundance of Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii [FDR-adjusted p (q) =0.002], but a lower relative abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens ( q =0.009). We found that several microbial functions related to plant-derived polysaccharide degradation such as fructuronate reductase ( q =0.02), and short-chain fatty acid fermentation such as butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase ( q =0.002) were enriched in participants with higher MedDiet index. We found that the inverse association between MedDiet and risk of DM was more pronounced in participants with greater abundance of Prevotella copri , but weaker in participants whose gut microbial communities were dominated by Bacteroides ( P interaction =0.02 for IGT/DM vs NGR, Fig. 1b). Conclusions: Adherence to the MedDiet is associated with diverse gut microorganisms and microbial functions. The inverse association between MedDiet and risk of DM might be modified by gut microbiome composition. 1

scholarly journals An automatic estimation of the rest-interval for MotionWatch8© using uniaxial movement and lux data

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Backhouse ◽  
Ryan Stanley Falck ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Field Methods

Abstract Background Poor sleep is linked with chronic conditions common in older adults, including diabetes, heart disease, and dementia. Valid and reliable field methods to objectively measure sleep are thus greatly needed to examine how poor sleep impacts older adults. Wrist-worn actigraphy (WWA) is a common objective measure of sleep that uses motion and illuminance data to estimate sleep. The rest-interval marks the time interval between when an individual attempts to sleep and the time they get out of bed to start their day. Traditionally, the rest-interval is scored manually by trained technicians, however algorithms currently exist which automatically score WWA data, saving time and providing consistency from user-to-user. However, these algorithms ignore illuminance data and only considered motion in their estimation of the rest-interval. This study therefore examines a novel algorithm that uses illuminance data to supplement the approximation of the rest-interval from motion data. Methods We examined a total of 1086 days of data of 129 participants who wore the MotionWatch8© WWA for ≥14 nights of observation. Resultant sleep measures from three different parameter settings were compared to sleep measures derived following a standard scoring protocol and self-report times. Results The algorithm showed the strongest correlation to the standard protocol (r = 0.92 for sleep duration). There were no significant differences in sleep duration, sleep efficiency and fragmentation index estimates compared to the standard scoring protocol. Conclusion These results suggest that an automated rest-interval scoring method using both light exposure and acceleration data provides comparable accuracy to the standard scoring method.

scholarly journals EXAMINING GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RELIGIOUS INVOLVEMENT AND DEPRESSION IN LATER LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S525-S525
Author(s):  
Hailey J Santiago ◽  
Caitlin Curtin ◽  
Julia Stengel ◽  
Edward H Thompson ◽  
Andrew Futterman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Religious Participation ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Male And Female

Abstract This study examines gender differences in a causal model of religious motivation, religious participation and depression. Using a random sample of 287 community-dwelling older adults living in Worcester, MA, the model hypothesizes that motivations for religious involvement (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) differentially predict religious participation (organizational and non-organizational) as well as depression at both initial and 12-month assessments. In this model, participation also mediates direct relationships between religious motivation and depression. Religious motivation and participation are assessed using standard measures (e.g., Allport & Ross, 1967; Ainlay & Smith, 1982), and depression is assessed both by self-report (CESD and by interview (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression derived from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, SADS). Using MPlus, confirmatory analyses of the model were conducted separately in male and female samples. The model which includes both direct effects of religious motivation and participation on depression and with religious participation as mediating variable demonstrated reasonably good fit to the data in both male and female samples (e.g., CFI=.956 and .943, respectively). Consistent with previous research (e.g., McFarland, 2009), gender differences in the models emerge. For example, men report higher levels of religious participation and less depression than women. In addition, older men demonstrate stronger positive associations between extrinsic religiousness and organizational participation and a more negative association between extrinsic religiousness and depression, than older women. Elucidating the structural relationships among religious orientation, religious participation, and depression in older adults benefits our understanding of vulnerability and treatment of depression in this population.

scholarly journals Subjective insomnia symptoms and sleep duration are not related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rian J. G. Peters van Neijenhof ◽  
Erik van Duijn ◽  
Julia F. Van Den Berg ◽  
Margot W. M. de Waal ◽  
Roos C. van der Mast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

scholarly journals Lessons on dietary biomarkers from twin studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Menni
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Microbiome Diversity

Metabolomic and microbiome profiling are promising tools to identify biomarkers of food intake and health status. The individual's genetic makeup plays a significant role on health, metabolism, gut microbes and diet and twin studies provide unique opportunities to untangle gene–environment effects on complex phenotypes. This brief review discusses the value of twin studies in nutrition research with a particular focus on metabolomics and the gut microbiome. Although, the twin model is a powerful tool to segregate the genetic component, to date, very few studies combine the twin design and metabolomics/microbiome in nutritional sciences. Moreover, since the individual's diet has a strong influence on the microbiome composition and the gut microbiome is modifiable (60 % of microbiome diversity is due to the environment), future studies should target the microbiome via dietary interventions.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and its correlation with dysregulation of cytokines in psoriasis patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Kun Guo ◽  
Linjing Shi ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Songmei Geng
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease associated with multiple comorbidities and substantially diminishes patients’ quality of life. The gut microbiome has become a hot topic in psoriasis as it has been shown to affect both allergy and autoimmunity diseases in recent studies. Our objective was to identify differences in the fecal microbial composition of patients with psoriasis compared with healthy individuals to unravel the microbiota profiling in this autoimmune disease.Results: We collected fecal samples from 30 psoriasis patients and 30 healthy controls, sequenced them by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and identified the gut microbial composition using bioinformatic analyses including Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Our results showed that different relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa between psoriasis patients and healthy individuals, including Faecalibacterium and Megamonas, were increased in patients with psoriasis. It’s also implicated that many cytokines act as main effect molecules in the pathology of psoriasis. We selected the inflammation-related indicators that were abnormal in psoriasis patients and found the microbiome variations were associated with the level of them, especially interleukin-2 receptor showed a positive relationship with Phascolarctobacterium and a negative relationship with the dialister. The relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and dialister can be regard as predictors of psoriasis activity. The correlation analysis based on microbiota and Inflammation-related indicators showed that microbiota dysbiosis might induce an abnormal immune response in psoriasis. Conclusions: We concluded that the gut microbiome composition in psoriasis patients has been altered markedly and provides evidence to understand the relationship between gut microbiota and psoriasis. More mechanistic experiments are needed to determine whether the differences observed in gut microbiota are the cause or consequences of psoriasis and whether the relationship between gut microbiota and cytokines was involved.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of Human Leukocyte Antigen on the human gut microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn P. Andeweg ◽  
Can Keşmir ◽  
Bas E. Dutilh
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Hla Molecules

AbstractObjectiveThe gut microbiome is affected by a number of factors, including the innate and adaptive immune system. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in humans, performs an essential role in vertebrate immunity, and is very polymorphic in different populations. HLA determines the specificity of T lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell responses, including against the commensal bacteria present in the human gut. Thus, it is likely that our HLA molecules and thereby the adaptive immune response, can shape the composition of our microbiome. Here, we investigated the effect of HLA haplotype on the microbiome composition.ResultsWe performed HLA typing and microbiota composition analyses on 3,002 public human gut microbiome datasets. We found that (i) individuals with functionally similar HLA molecules (i.e. presenting similar peptides) are also similar in their microbiota, and (ii) HLA homozygosity correlated with microbiome diversity, suggesting that diverse immune responses limit microbiome diversity.ConclusionOur results show a statistical association between host HLA haplotype and gut microbiome composition. Because the HLA haplotype is a readily measurable parameter of the human immune system, these results open the door to incorporating the immune system into predictive microbiome models.IMPORTANCEThe microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans, known as the gut microbiome, are essential for hosts survival as they support crucial functions. For example, they support the host in facilitating the uptake of nutrients and give colonization resistance against pathogens. The composition of the gut microbiome varies among humans. Studies have proposed multiple factors driving the observed variation, including; diet, lifestyle, and health condition. Another major influence on the microbiome is the host’s genetic background. We hypothesized the immune system to be one of the most important genetic factors driving the differences observed between gut microbiomes. Therefore, we are interested in linking the polymorphic molecules that play a role in human immune responses to the composition of the microbiome. HLA molecules are the most polymorphic molecules in our genome and therefore makes an excellent candidate to test such an association/link. To our knowledge for the first time, our results indicate a significant impact of the HLA on the human gut microbiome composition.

Abstract MP11: Effects of Metformin and Behavioral Weight Loss on the Gut Microbiome

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel T Mueller ◽  
Moira K Differding ◽  
Nisa Maruthur ◽  
Stephen Juraschek ◽  
Edgar R Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Loss Control ◽  
Microbial Dna

Background: Evidence suggests metformin and behavioral weight loss alter the gut microbiome, with weight loss associated with higher diversity and metformin with higher Escherichia Coli . Yet randomized trials on these interventions are limited. Objective: To examine the hypothesis that metformin increases E. Coli and and behavioral weight loss increases diversity. Methods: We conducted a parallel-arm, randomized trial in which we enrolled overweight or obese adult cancer survivors who had been previously treated for solid tumors, but without active disease or ongoing cancer treatment. We randomized participants (n=121) to: 1) coach-directed behavioral weight loss (with advice on the DASH diet), 2) metformin, or 3) self-directed weight loss (control). We collected stool at baseline, 6 mo. and 12 mo. and extracted microbial DNA from stool to measure the microbiome with 16S rRNA sequencing of the V4 region. We used ‘Aldex2’ in R to examine the effect of treatments on the change in relative abundance of microbial taxa amplicon sequence variants from baseline to 6 mo. and 12 mo. Results: Groups did not differ by sex (79% female), race (45% black) or age (mean 60 yrs). Mean weight loss was 3.9%, 2.7%, and 0.9% in coach-directed, metformin, and self-directed arms at 6-mo., respectively (both P s<0.05 compared to self-directed.) There were no differences within or between arms in measures of alpha or beta diversity ( P s>0.05). Only the metformin arm altered the relative abundance of microbiota ( Figure ). From baseline, metformin increased relative abundance of E. Coli and decreased relative abundance of butyrate-producing Ruminococcus Intestinalis and Intestinibacter Bartletti at 6 mo. and 12 mo. Metformin also decreased Roseburia Faecis at 6 mo. and increased Ruminococcus Torques at 12 mo. ( Figure ). Conclusion: Metformin increased E. Coli and decreased several butyrate-producing genera, but was not associated with microbiome diversity. Moderate behavioral weight loss (~3.9%) did not alter microbiome diversity or composition.

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