The Generationing of Social Assistance Receipt and “Welfare Dependency” in Ontario, Canada

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Gazso ◽  
Stephanie Baker Collins ◽  
Tracy Smith-Carrier ◽  
Carrie Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Welfare Dependency ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Structural Context ◽  
Generational Relationships ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractAdopting a life course perspective, we explore, qualitatively, how receipt of social assistance in Ontario is generationally experienced. Data are drawn from a study of family and generational relationships with Ontario Works (OW), which included in-depth interviews with 31 participants who also had a child or parent on social assistance; we drew from three Canadian cities: Hamilton, London, and Toronto, Ontario. Our thematic analysis reveals that generation matters and in ways less confined than the ideation embedded in the discourse of welfare dependency. Through a life course lens, we find that while older and younger kin may concurrently access assistance, any generation’s entrance onto it must be understood as varying by social, historical, and structural context, which itself varies over their individual life courses. We define this process as the “generationing” of social assistance receipt. We further reveal how this generationing interacts with gender, race, Indigeneity, and class. We therefore argue that the generationing of social assistance receipt prompts re-conceptualization of taken-for-granted ideation in the discourse of welfare dependency and, thus, is replete with policy implications.

scholarly journals Myten om velferdsavhengighet

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Chelsom Vogt
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Life Course ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Welfare Dependency ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Historical Developments

Title: The Myth of Welfare Dependency. Summary: The myth of welfare dependency has long historical roots and is influential in both policy and research. The central idea is that receiving welfare benefits decreases people’s motivation for work and fosters a culture of dependency. The myth originates in an Anglo-American context but is also evident in a Nordic context. Nordic welfare states, with their comparatively high levels of benefits, are presumably especially at risk of encouraging welfare dependency. This article questions the myth of welfare dependency, by presenting a life-course perspective that directs our attention to relations between historical developments and individual life-course processes. Viewed from a life-course perspective, it becomes clear that the myth of welfare dependency is based upon a number of problematic premises: an individualistic and static conception of lives and relationships, a narrowly defined concept of welfare, and on several misconceptions of how welfare state policies, especially of the Nordic variety, function in practice. The dichotomy of dependence and independence upon which the myth rests is untenable when confronted with empirical life-course research, and has highly-skewed implications in terms of both gender and social class.

A Multilevel Qualitative Perspective to Gendered Life Course, Socialization, and STEM Trajectories Among Emerging Adults in Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 216769682110216
Author(s):  
Alisa Petroff ◽  
Milagros Sáinz ◽  
Lídia Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
College Completion ◽  
Structural Context ◽  
Linked Lives ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Depth Interviews

The present study examines the five principles of the life course perspective—life span development, time and place, agency, timing, and linked lives—and their interplay on the experiences of 26 emerging adults (11 males and 15 females) during their transition from college completion into the STEM labor force in Spain. Findings derived from the in-depth interviews focus on the multilevel challenges these young people face and the set of strategies they develop to overcome them. From a gender perspective, the challenges reveal the structural inequalities (many associated with existing gender stereotypes) that women encounter throughout their educational and professional trajectory. The research also identifies how these women and men display agentic features (at a micro-level) and mobilize different types of networks (at a meso-level) to overcome this adverse structural context, especially, during the economic post-crisis in Spain.

Transition and Adaptation to the Continuing Care Retirement Community From a Life Course Perspective: Something Old, Something New, and Something Borrowed

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Ayalon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Retirement Community ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Linked Lives ◽  
Continuing Care Retirement Community

The study examined the accounts of older adults and their adult children concerning the transition to the continuing care retirement community (CCRC) and the adjustment to it, using a life course perspective. Up to three waves of interviews, consisting of a total of 187 interviews with older adults and their adult children, were conducted between 6 months and 6 years from the transition to the CCRC. Thematic analysis was employed using comparisons across groups of interviewees (older adults and adult children) and waves of interviews (up to three waves) to identify core categories of meaning. Time perception was an organizing principle across interviews. Both older adults and their adult children perceived themselves as moving forward and backward in time following the transition to the CCRC and future expectations for deterioration. The study emphasizes the linked-lives of older adults and their adult children.

Business incubator effectiveness and commercialization strategy: a thematic analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donard Games ◽  
Rayna Kartika ◽  
Dessy Kurnia Sari ◽  
Afif Assariy
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Business Incubators ◽  
Business Incubator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Rubber Stamp ◽  
New Business ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the business incubator and its impact on commercialization strategies based on incubatees’ aspirations in three business incubators in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was used, which involved conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews on 14 startup owners who are tenants in 3 incubators in Indonesia. The data obtained were analyzed using a thematic analysis assisted with NVivo 12. Findings Business incubator effectiveness was found to be heavily dependent on incubatees’ satisfaction in their interactions with the incubators. Moreover, some patterns were formed from thematic analysis and used to produce three propositions. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted qualitatively using only 14 interviewees or incubatees from 3 business incubators in Indonesia. Moreover, a thematic analysis offers flexibility from basic to organizing and global themes, but, in this case, there may be a lack of deeper understanding, for example, in psychological viewpoints. Practical implications Business incubators in this study need to reevaluate their incubation process based on their incubatees’ aspirations. These have to be considered from the beginning of the process, particularly the innovation aspect. Meanwhile, policy implications were also discussed Social implications Policymakers have realized the importance of business incubators in enhancing Indonesia’s innovation and competitiveness, and this has made them encourage the establishment of some new business incubators. It is, however, important to note that most of the existing ones are simply “rubber stamp” and to improve their operations and performances, some recommendations were made. Originality/value Despite the potential importance of incubation in enhancing technopreneurship and increasing a nation’s competitiveness, little research has been conducted on incubators in Indonesia’s ability to fulfill such high expectations. This specifically means there is no information on the present and past perceptions of tenants or startups on the incubators’ performances.

scholarly journals Challenges and Risks of Individualisation in The Netherlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudie Knijn
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Economic Independence

This article evaluates recent transformations in social policy that reflect the tendency towards individualisation in The Netherlands. Such transformations have taken place in old age pensions, widows' pensions, social assistance and taxation, and in respect of child support following divorce. Interestingly most reforms have not resulted in ‘full individualisation’, but rather have taken into account the fact that people, in particular women, are not or cannot be assumed to be full-time adult workers. Such a ‘moderate individualisation’, however, is not without risks for women's economic independence, especially when the developments of the Dutch ‘life course perspective’ on social security are considered.

scholarly journals Taking a life Course Perspective on Social Assistance use in Canada: A different approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Cooke ◽  
Amber Gazso
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Parcours De Vie ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract In this paper we argue that a life course perspective on social assistance use in Canada can offer a more nuanced theoretical understanding of both individuals’ experiences and the importance of social structure, than more traditional sociological or economic approaches to welfare use. We also propose that examining social assistance use in this way does not require longitudinal quantitative or qualitative data, as is sometimes suggested, but that cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative data can be interpreted through a life course lens. We demonstrate this by examining the covariates of social assistance receipt using cross-sectional quantitative data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, and by analysing qualitative interviews with recipients about the process of beginning and barriers to ending benefit receipt. These analyses show not only how the cross-sectional data can easily be considered from the perspective of the life course, but also how this perspective provides a more satisfactory understanding of how social assistance polices can be thought of as both providing resources that are important in individual decision-making and as shaping lives. Résumé d’article Dans cet article, nous montrerons que le paradigme du parcours de vie sur le bien être social au Canada peut offrir une compréhension théorique plus nuancée des expériences des individus avec ces programmes qu’une approche traditionnelle sociologique et économique face à l’usage du bien être social, tout en reliant cet usage à de plus larges structures sociales. Nous proposons aussi qu’examiner l’assistance sociale de cette façon ne requiert pas de données longitudinales quantitatives ou qualitatives, tel qu’il l’est parfois suggéré, mais que des données quantitatives et qualitatives qui se croisent peuvent être interprétées à travers la loupe de la durée d’une vie. Nous démontrons ceci en examinant les covariantes de la réception à l’assistance sociale, covariantes agencées en se servant des données quantitatives sectionnelles tirées du Enquête sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu (EDTR) et en analysant les interviews qualitatives des bénéficiaires à propos de leurs démarches initiales et leurs obstacles jusqu’à la réception finale de leurs bénéfices. Ces analyses montrent non seulement que des données sectionnelles qui se croisent peuvent être facilement considérées du point de vue de la perspective du cours d’une vie, mais aussi comment cette perspective fournit une compréhension plus satisfaisante de la façon dont on peut voir la double importance des politiques qui offrent des ressources aux individus et qui changent leur vie.

The relationship between child maltreatment and social assistance use: A chain of adversities and transitions from a life course perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-577
Author(s):  
Carrie Smith ◽  
Tracy Smith-Carrier ◽  
Amber Gazso ◽  
Stephanie Baker Collins ◽  
Christopher Saxby
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Commitment Without Marriage

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Reczek ◽  
Sinikka Elliott ◽  
Debra Umberson
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Committed Relationships ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depth Interviews

The majority of Americans will marry in their lifetimes, and for many, marriage symbolizes the transition into long-term commitment. However, many Americans cannot legally marry. This article analyzes in-depth interviews with gays and lesbians in long-term partnerships to examine union formation and commitment-making histories. Using a life course perspective that emphasizes historical and biographical contexts, the authors examine how couples conceptualize and form committed relationships despite being denied the right to marry. Although previous studies suggest that commitment ceremonies are a way to form same-sex unions, this study finds that because of their unique social, historical, and biographical relationship to marriage and ceremonies, long-term same-sex couples do not follow normative commitment-making trajectories. Instead, relationships can transition more ambiguously to committed formations without marriage, public ceremony, clear-cut act, or decision. Such an understanding of commitment making outside of marriage has implications for theorizing alternative forms of union making.

scholarly journals ALWAYS TRY TO DO MY BEST: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CHINESE AMERICAN DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S676-S676
Author(s):  
Jinyu Liu ◽  
Bei Wu ◽  
Ada Mui ◽  
Yifan Lou ◽  
Wenxing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Objectives: Given the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) in the United States and the rapid growth of the older Chinese American population, many older Chinese Americans are expected to need intensive care because of cognitive impairment. Prior studies on Chinese ADRD caregivers lack comprehensive examinations from a life course perspective that emphasizes the importance of time, context, process and meaning on human development. Using the life course perspective, this study aims to identify challenges and strength of caregiving experience for this population. Methods: We conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 28 Chinese family caregivers of persons with ADRD in New York City. Thematic analysis method was used to assess the interview data. Results: Seven life-course themes emerged from the data. In the domain of challenges, four themes were identified: (1) physical and emotional exhaustion, (2) limited understanding on cognitive health, (3) difficulty in accessing effective and culturally-sensitive health care services for care recipients, and (4) caregivers’ inability to do self-care. Other three themes were found in the domain of strengths: (1) commitment to care due to cultural and religious values, (2) emotional closeness as resource to sustain caregiving, and (3) family support and cohesion. Conclusion: This study indicates that the life course perspective is an important lens to understand challenges and strengths of Chinese American caregivers. This study also suggests that health professionals could incorporate the life course perspective into assessment and intervention development when working with minority and immigrant ADRD family caregivers.

scholarly journals Flexicurity in a life-course perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Klammer
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Main Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Life Course

This article extends the analysis of flexicurity to take account of the life-course perspective; in the international flexicurity debate such an approach has so far not been systematically taken. The article focuses on the question of what options will be needed for time allocation in different phases of life and over the whole life of an individual, and what financial resources could be combined to finance those phases. The first section discusses methodological and conceptual issues related to flexicurity and the life course. In the second section, longitudinal data from Germany is presented to illustrate some of the relevant patterns of, and changes within, life courses. The third and main section deals with policy implications. Four crucial objectives of a flexicurity policy based on a life-course approach are identified, and a range of options to improve flexibility and security over the lifetime are discussed. These options include measures to increase time sovereignty, subsidised part-time schemes for care and lifelong learning, the use of accumulated pension savings to finance other activities during the course of working life, and the role of minimum provision in social security schemes.

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