scholarly journals Evaluating the relationship between fecal egg count, FAMACHA score, and weight in dewormed and non-dewormed Katahdin rams during a parasite challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailey R Galyon ◽  
Anne M Zajac ◽  
D Lee Wright ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
Heather L Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parasite Challenge

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate and to estimate the relationship between fecal egg counts (FECs) and FAMACHA score and the body weight of growing Katahdin rams during a parasite challenge. One of the largest factors negatively influencing reproduction and economics in the sheep industry is gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites. Due to anthelmintic resistance of these parasites, animals are selected for parasite resistance using FEC and FAMACHA scores. Data were used from the Virginia Tech Southwest Agricultural Research and Extension Center Ram Test in Glade Spring, VA, from the year 2012 to 2018 in which animals were tested in 14-d intervals for 70 d. Mixed models for repeated weight measurements were made from backward stepwise selection to evaluate the relationships between weight and GIN FEC. A total of 576 animals within 23 contemporary groups derived from test year and pasture group were analyzed. Ram, contemporary group, and consignor were considered random effects, and fixed effects were birth type, test day, age, age squared, starting weight, FEC, and FAMACHA score. Pairwise contrasts were used in the statistical analysis of parameters and their interactions. Weight and age were found to have a quadratic relationship. Increased FEC was associated with weight loss at a rate of 0.00030 kg/FEC (P < 0.0001). Animals dewormed at any point during the trial weighed less than those that were not and increased with test day to a maximum difference of 4.66 kg (P < 0.001). FAMACHA score was found to be significant (P < 0.05), but a direct relationship with weight was not conclusive. Overall, rams with severe enough parasite load to require deworming had lesser weights, which could impact the profitability of sheep production and reinforced the need to select animals that had greater innate parasite resistance.

Effect of plane of nutrition and slaughter weight on carcase characteristics of friesian steers slaughtered at 500, 550 or 600 kg liveweight

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
K J McCracken ◽  
C A Moore ◽  
E F Unsworth ◽  
F J Gordon ◽  
R W J Steen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Working Party ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
The Relationship

The Agricultural Research Council Working Party (ARC, 1980) summarised the predicted energy requirements for cattle growing at different rates of gain. These predictions suggest that feed conversion efficiency will improve with increased energy intake. McCracken and Unsworth (1989) developed an empirical model for growth and carcase composition based on ARC (1980) and concluded that the model over-predicted body fat and did not accord with the effects of plane of nutrition on feed efficiency and body composition observed by Andersen, Ingvartsen and Klastrup (1984). Two problem areas were identified (a) the efficiency of utilisation of energy for growth, (b) the relationship between plane of nutrition and energy content of gain. The study described below was undertaken to provide definitive information on the effects of slaughter weight and plane of nutrition on the body composition and energy retention of Friesian steers as being representative of a medium breed type within the ARC (1980) classification.

scholarly journals Control measures recommended for goat gastrointestinal nematode infections after analysis of infection dynamics in the semiarid region of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Diniz Vieira ◽  
Franklin Riet Correa ◽  
Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
Márcia Alves de Medeiros ◽  
Jouberdan Aurino Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Lactating Goats

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine control measures for gastrointestinal nematodes in goats in the northeastern semiarid after analyzing the dynamics of gastrointestinal helminths during the drought, the evolution of the parasitic load after the first rains and the differences in susceptibility between goats of different categories and ages. Five farms were studied from March 2013 to January 2015. Feces were collected from all goats every month, for fecal egg counts (FECs). No treatment was required on any farm during the dry period. In 2013, with annual rainfall of 265-533 mm, treatments were not necessary during the rainy season. However, in 2014, with rainfall of 604-778 mm, treatments were necessary 60-90 days, after the first rains. On three farms, gastrointestinal nematodes showed multiple anthelmintic resistance. The FECs from lactating goats were significantly higher than from dry and young goats. In conclusion, in the Brazilian semi-arid region (Caatinga biome), it is generally unnecessary to treat grazing goats during the dry season. In the rainy season, the parasite load increases 2-3 months after the first rains. In both, the dry and the rainy season, farmers should monitor their herds by means of FEC or another criterion (anemia or submandibular edema), to determine the need to treat.

scholarly journals  Parasite load of European brown hares in Austria and the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chroust ◽  
M. Vodnansky ◽  
J. Pikula
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eimeria Spp

  The parasite load of brown hares (Lepus europaeus) is of great interest to hunting ground managers and veterinarians. We compared the prevalence and intensity of parasitic infections in 362 hares from Austria and the Czech Republic with respect to age and body weight. Samples of the entire gastrointestinal tract, liver and lungs were collected during autumn hunting events in 2007. The parasite spectrum of hares included Protostrongylus pulmonalis, Graphidium strigosum, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Trichuris leporis, Eimeria spp. and tapeworms. The most prevalent gastrointestinal nematode was Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, while only individual specimens of tapeworms such as Andrya rhopalocephala, Mosgovoyia pectinata, Cittotaenia denticulata and Ctenotaenia ctenoides were found in subadult hares. A single hare was infected with Cysticercus pisiformis in Austria. Lungworms Protostrongylus pulmonalis and findings of pneumonia were significantly less prevalent in subadult than adult hares (P < 0.01) from both countries and were much less prevalent overall in the Czech Republic (P < 0.01). Graphidium strigosum, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Eimeria spp. and enteritis were more prevalent in subadult hares. The nematode Trichuris leporis, on the other hand, prevailed in adults. The body weight of adult hares was negatively correlated with the intensity of infection by Protostrongylus pulmonalis (r = –0.67) and Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (r = –0.73) and the parasite loads served as significant weight predictors in multiple regression equations. This study revealed that parasitic infections of the lungs and intestines influences the health and decreases the body weight of hares in Austrian and Czech hunting grounds.  

scholarly journals 159 The effect of sire FEC EBV on parasitism and survivability in grazing Katahdin lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Andrew R Weaver ◽  
Joan M Burke ◽  
Jim Morgan ◽  
Donald L Wright ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Mating Scheme

Abstract Selection for reduced fecal egg count (FEC) is an important management tool to combat anthelmintic resistance in worm populations. To understand consequences of selection for parasite resistance, a divergent mating scheme was established whereby Katahdin rams with high (HiFEC; n = 4) or low fecal egg count (LoFEC; n = 4) estimated breeding values (EBV) were randomly mated to ewes at the Southwest Virginia AREC. Mid-March born lambs (n = 199) were managed as one group until approximately 120 days of age (Weaning: June 4). Beginning at 45 days of age, BW and FAMACHA scores were collected weekly. Deworming occurred as necessary (FAMACHA ≥ 3) and fecal egg counts were taken biweekly. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS with fixed effects of sire EBV type. Fecal egg count was significantly higher in HiFEC-sired lambs one week prior to weaning (665 vs. 427 eggs/g, P < 0.05) and again at three (3398 vs. 2175 eggs/g, P < 0.01) and five (3596 vs. 2209 eggs/g, P < 0.01) weeks post-weaning. These FEC differences corresponded to differences in lamb weaning and post-weaning FEC EBV (43% vs. -43%, P < 0.05 and 82% vs. -66%, P < 0.01; respectively). Lambs sired by HiFEC-rams required more anthelmintic treatment than LoFEC-selected lambs (76% vs. 61%, P < 0.05). The weaning and post-weaning FEC EBV of HiFEC-sired lambs was greater in lambs that died than those that survived to 120 d (37% vs. 83%, P < 0.01 and 73% vs. 138%, P < 0.01; respectively); however, this phenomenon did not occur in LoFEC-sired lambs. Taken together, these data indicate that LoFEC-sired lambs have reduced parasite burden and are more likely to survive to weaning. Thus, sire selection for low FEC EBV can have indirect effects on lamb survival and general immunity.

scholarly journals Effect of levamisole on gastrointestinal nematodes and weight gain of grazing livestock in the municipality of San Jose Chiltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulises Libreros-Osorio ◽  
Daniela Donaji Vázquez-Arrieta ◽  
Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón ◽  
Aleidy Patricio-Martínez ◽  
Felipe Patricio-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract The aim of the present work was to study the effect of administration of levamisole on parasitic load of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and the percentage of weight gain of grazing cattle. The animals were randomly distributed to form three experimental groups, levamisole, ivermectin and control. The collection of feces samples was carried out one day before and 15 days’ post-treatment and subsequently it was quantifying the eggs number per gram of feces. The body weight of the animals was recorded at days 0, 15, 30 and 45 after treatments to evaluate its gain. The results observed up to the final day (45 days’ post-treatment) showed the group treated with Ivermectin had a 10.1% increase in body weight, while the group under Levamisole treatment had an increase of 14.3%. The groups under ivermectin and levamisole showed a decrease in the number of eggs per grams of feces (EPG), which were measured 15 days after their treatment (22.5 EPG in ivermectin) and (55.0 EPG in levamisole) compared to the vehicle group (377.5 EPG) and pre-treatment (486.5 EPG). In the present work, it was possible to show that with two subcutaneous administrations of levamisole in grazing calves in the municipality of Chiltepec, Oaxaca, it’s possible to increase the weight in cattle while decreasing its parasite load of GIN. However, it is necessary to determine the anthelmintic resistance in farms that report the use of levamisole with different treatment and repeated doses of levamisole.

Why are the prevalence and diversity of helminths in the endemic Pyrenean brook newt Calotriton asper (Amphibia, Salamandridae) so low?

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Comas ◽  
A. Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lotic Habitat ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Parasite ◽  
Host Characteristics

AbstractA cornerstone in parasitology is why some species or populations are more parasitized than others. Here we examine the influence of host characteristics and habitat on parasite prevalence. We studied the helminths parasitizing the Pyrenean brook newt Calotriton asper (n= 167), paying special attention to the relationship between parasites and ecological factors such as habitat, sex, ontogeny, body size and age of the host. We detected two species of parasites, Megalobatrachonema terdentatum (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) and Brachycoelium salamandrae (Trematoda: Brachycoeliidae), with a prevalence of 5.99% and 1.2%, respectively. Marginally significant differences were found in the prevalence between sexes, with females being more parasitized than males. The present results show significant differences in the body length of paedomorphic and metamorphic individuals, the former being smaller. Nevertheless, no significant correlations between parasite prevalence and either newt body length, ontogenetic stage or age were found. In comparison with other Salamandridae living in ponds, prevalence and diversity values were low. This may be due to a long hibernation period, the species' lotic habitat and its reophilous lifestyle, which probably do not allow for a high parasite load.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

CONCEPTUALISING RISK CULTURE ON ERM IMPLEMENTATION IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ching Ching Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
Risk Culture ◽  
Risk Treatment ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is an effective technique in managing risk within an organization strategically and holistically. Risk culture relates to the general awareness, attitudes and behaviours towards risk management in an organisation. This paper presents a conceptual model that shows the relationship between risk culture and ERM implementation. The dependent variable is ERM implementation, which is measured by the four processes namely risk identification and risk assessment; risk treatment; monitor and consult; communicate and consult. The independent variables under risk culture are risk policy and risk appetite; key risk indicators; accountability; incentives; risk language and internal relationships. This study aims to empirically test the relationship between risk culture and ERM implementation among Malaysian construction public listed companies. Risk culture is expected to have direct effects and significantly influence ERM. This study contributes to enhance the body of knowledge in ERM especially in understanding significant of risk culture that influence its’ implementation from Malaysian perspective.

Structural Mediation Model of Information System and Sustainable Performance of UAE Manufacturing Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Darwish Abdulla Larii ◽  
◽  
Fatma Ahmed Lari ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Darwish Abdulla Lari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This study intends to find out the mediating effect of organisational culture on the relationship between information system and sustainable performance of manufacturing sector in UAE. This study used AMOS-SEM software to develop mediation model that linking the mediating relationships between Information System, Organisational Culture and Sustainable operation Performance. Data was collected through questionnaire survey among the operation staff of Abu Dhabi manufacturing companies. A total 250 questionnaires were distributed however 205 were returned and only 200 are valid which indicates a response rate of 80%. The analysis found that TPS has positive but not significant effect to SP; OIS has positive but not significant effect to SP; FMW has a positive and significant effect on SP; SDS has a negative and not significant effect to SP and SP has positive but not significant effect OC. For the path relationship between the four exogenous variables (TPS, OIS, SDS, and FMW) and the mediator variable (OC), the results are TPS has positive and significant effect to OC; OIS has positive but not significant effect to OC; FMW has positive and significant effect to OC and SDS has positive and not significant effect to OC. Collectively, the five exogenous constructs (TPS, OIS, SDS, FMW and OC) explained 89% variation in operational performance and 86% of the variation in organisational culture. However, for a mediator, it was found that OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between TPS and SP; OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between OIS and SP; OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between SDS and SP and OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between FMW and SP. it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between information system dimensions and operational performance. However organizational culture has no contributing any mediating effect to the relationship. These findings have contributed to the body of knowledge and could be shared among the UAE manufacturing practitioners.

Study of the infl uence of information and communication tools on the psychophysiological state of schoolchildren on the basis of subjective evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rakhmanova ◽  
Georgiy Loginov ◽  
Vladimir Dolich ◽  
Nataliya Komleva ◽  
Galina Rakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance of the article is determined by the existence of contradictions between the need to introduce innovative technologies into the educational process at school, as an integral attribute of modern education, and the negative influence of factors on the physical and psycho-emotional state of health of students related to the use of information and communication tools (computers, phones, headphones). The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of functional and psycho-emotional complaints in groups of middle and high school schoolchildren. 400 schoolchildren of the Saratov Region, the Moscow Region, Leningrad Region and the Republic of Dagestan were surveyed, who made up two groups of research: middle-school schoolchildren (grades 5–6) and high-school schoolchildren (grades 10–11 The survey was carried out by means of the standardized formalized cards which included the questions considering usage time of computers and mobile phones, complaints to a headache, hands pain, other pain and/or feeling of discomfort from visual organ and the organs of hearing, as well as a psycho-emotional state. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the STATISTICA application software program by StatSoft Inc (USA). To compare the frequencies of a binary feature, a fourfold table of absolute frequencies was constructed and the level of statistical significance for the exact Fisher’s two-tailed test criterion was determined. The study was conducted according to the requirements of bioethics, after signing informed consent statement by teenagers and their parents. The study examined the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of complaints in groups of schoolchildren. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing and implementing preventive measures to prevent negative effects of computers and mobile devices on the body of students.

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