scholarly journals Initial development of the Hookah Smoker Scale: Assessing young adults’ mental schemas about hookah “smokers”

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilianna Phan ◽  
Darren Mays ◽  
Kenneth P Tercyak ◽  
Andrea C Johnson ◽  
Kathryn Rehberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Hookah Smoking ◽  
Mental Schemas ◽  
Risk Appraisals ◽  
Perceived Harm

Abstract Many young adult hookah tobacco users do not consider themselves hookah “smokers,” but data on this topic are limited. There are no existing measures of young adults’ mental schemas of hookah “smokers.” We examined the factor structure and reliability of the Hookah Smoker Scale and examined associations with perceived harm and addictiveness and attitudes toward hookah. Two hundred and forty-six young adult (ages 18–30) hookah smokers participated in a cross-sectional online study. Participants completed items assessing schemas characterizing hookah smokers and valid measures of perceived harm and addictiveness of hookah smoking, risk appraisals, and attitudes toward hookah. Exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring with oblique rotation extracted a 12-item scale with three dimensions (Regular Use, Social-Enabled Use, and Self-Enabled Use). The scale explained 69.7% of the variance (eigenvalue = 9.2). Cronbach’s α for the scale was .89, with Cronbach’s α ≥ .80 for four-item subscales. Higher subscale scores indicate stronger beliefs that the dimension characterizes a hookah smoker. Higher Regular Use scores (score variance = 46.9%; eigenvalue = 5.6) were associated with greater perceived harm and addictiveness (β = 0.21, p = .01), greater risk appraisals (β = 0.20, p = .02), and more negative attitudes toward hookah (β = −0.18, p = .03). The Hookah Smoker Scale is a promising measure that can be used to identify targets for preventing and reducing young adults’ hookah tobacco use. Findings also suggest young adults associate health risks of hookah with daily smoking, but not with intermittent social smoking patterns.

scholarly journals Phantom smoking among young adult bar patrons

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Guillory ◽  
Nadra Lisha ◽  
Youn Ok Lee ◽  
Pamela M Ling
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Social Smokers ◽  
Us Cities

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and sociodemographic makeup of smokers who do not self-identify as smokers (ie, phantom smokers) compared with self-identifying smokers in a sample of bar-going young adults aged 18–30 years to more accurately assess young adult prevalence of smoking and inform cessation message targeting.MethodsCross-sectional surveys of smokers (n=3089) were conducted in randomly selected bars/nightclubs in seven US cities. Logistic regression models assessed associations between phantom smoking (past 30-day smoking and denial of being a smoker), tobacco and alcohol use behaviours (eg, social smoking, nicotine dependence, smoking while drinking, past 30-day alcohol use) and demographics.ResultsCompared with smokers, phantom smokers were more likely to be college graduates (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.98) and to identify themselves as social smokers (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.12). Phantom smokers had lower odds of smoking while drinking (OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.32), being nicotine dependent (OR=0.36, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.76) and having quit for at least 1 day in the last year (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.69) compared with smokers.ConclusionsThis research extends phantom smoking literature on college students to provide a broader picture of phantom smoking among young adults in high-risk contexts and of varying levels of educational attainment. Phantom smokers may be particularly sensitive to social pressures against smoking, suggesting the importance of identifying smoking as a behaviour (rather than identity) in cessation messaging to ensure that phantom smokers are reached.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study on the Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Young Adults Living in Albaha, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Albanghali ◽  
Basim A. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Important Health

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remain one of the most important health challenges in not only developing countries but also developed countries. Discussing STDs in the Saudi society is considered taboo, as social factors and ethics give rise to many obstacles. This study evaluates the knowledge of STDs among young adult students enrolled in Albaha University. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study involving 1902 young adult students registered at Albaha University. STDs knowledge scores (STDs-KSs) were calculated using a predesigned and validated STDs knowledge questionnaire with 27 items adapted from previously developed questionnaires. Results: The estimated overall mean of STDs-KS was 7.95 ± 4.29. Female participants showed a significantly higher mean of STDs-KS, compared to males (8.51 ± 4.14 vs. 7.32 ± 4.38, p < 0.0001). Participants registered in health sciences programs showed higher STDs-KS, compared to participants from arts and sciences programs (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Evidence from this study suggests a lack of STDs knowledge among young adults. To promote STDs awareness among this population, more health educational programs should be included in school curricula at the late stages of secondary education.

scholarly journals Macular Carotenoids and Cognitive Function in a Young Adult Population (FS05-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ramirez ◽  
Katherine Lightfield ◽  
Krystle Zuniga
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Adult Population

Abstract Objectives Improving cognitive health in young adulthood may improve academic and career success and prevent early age-related cognitive decline. A growing body of evidence suggests that the dietary carotenoid lutein may promote cognitive function; however, these studies have primarily been conducted in Non-Hispanic White populations. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD), a biomarker of lutein status, and cognitive function in a diverse, young adult population. Further, we examined the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and MPOD scores. Methods In this cross-sectional study, seventy young adults (Mean = 20.2, SD = 2.3 years of age), were recruited from a university in Central Texas. Daily F&V intake were assessed by the NCI fruit and vegetable intake screener. MPOD was measured with heterochromatic flicker photometry. Cognitive performance was assessed with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, and fully corrected T-scores that correct for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education were used for analyses. Participants were split into Low and High MPOD groups based on the MPOD median of the sample. The association between F&V intake and MPOD was assessed by multiple linear regression, including body fat percentage as a covariate. F&V intake as a function of MPOD group was analyzed by ANOVA, and cognitive scores were compared using ANCOVA with BMI as a covariate. Results The sample was primarily female (68.5%) and Caucasian (72.7%), and 40% of the population was Hispanic. The MPOD mean (Mean = 0.39, SD = 0.17) of the sample was above the reported national average of 0.33. Participants consumed approximately 1 cup of fruits and 1 cup of vegetables a day. F&V intake was not correlated with MPOD scores (R2 = −0.03, P = 0.81), and F&V intake did not significantly differ between High and Low MPOD groups. Episodic memory performance was significantly higher in the high MPOD group compared to those with low MPOD (P = 0.041). No other differences were found between the MPOD groups for the other fluid cognitive tests. Conclusions MPOD was not a biomarker for F&V intake which may be due to the overall low intakes of these lutein-containing foods in the young adult sample. Lutein's cognitive benefits in young adults may be domain specific. Funding Sources none.

Study-life integration and young adult students mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Zainal Badri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Social Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate if study–life integration practice has an influence on young adult students’ mental health. Study–life integration in this paper is viewed from the occurrence of conflict and enrichment between two domains – study life and personal life. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quantitative approach with cross-sectional design. A total of 399 young adults from a university in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, were recruited as respondents. The result was analysed using SPSS hierarchical regression method. Findings This paper offers empirical evidence on study–life integration influences on young adults’ mental health. The findings from this paper suggested that higher anxiety and social dysfunction symptoms were linked to frequent conflict caused by interference from study to personal lives. The main sources for these conflicts were high academic stress and excessive academic-related behaviour. The findings also suggested that greater academic achievement, although improving young adults’ personal life, was associated with greater symptoms of social dysfunction. On a positive note, the feeling of positive emotion experienced from study life associated with less social dysfunction. Originality/value Providing better access to social and community facilities within the institution is essential to help the young adults to effectively bridge the gap between study life and personal life. Opportunity to pursue personal life in the institution can promote a healthier relationship between the study and personal domains among young adults. A healthy relationship between these two domains can nurture positive emotion, which is a key to improving young adults’ mental health.

Mediators of the associations between parents’ conditional regard and the quality of their adult-children’s peer relationships

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlen C. Moller ◽  
Guy Roth ◽  
Christopher Niemiec ◽  
Yaniv Kanat-Maymon ◽  
Edward L. Deci
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Conditional Regard

Parental conditional regard (PCR) involves parents providing or withdrawing affection to motivate children to do what the parents want. Numerous studies have demonstrated that PCR has harmful consequences for children. The present research examines associations between PCR and children’s later relationships with young-adult peers. We conducted two cross-sectional studies (Study 1: 118 participants, 73 women; Study 2: 120 participants, 89 women). Study 3 involved collecting data from both members of a romantic heterosexual dyad (109 couples). Study 4 involved participants interacting with a neutral accomplice (73 participants, 56 women). We found support for several mediators of the association between PCR and young-adults' relationship quality: psychological need satisfaction (Studies 1 &amp; 2), and projection of one’s own conditional regard onto a partner (Studies 3 &amp; 4). Although longitudinal data are needed to establish causality, these findings suggest that exposure to PCR is negatively associated with adult-children's peer relationship quality, and offers clues for disrupting this inimical association.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Markers With Specific Cut-Offs Can Predict Anemia Occurrence Among Malaysian Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulagna Dutta ◽  
Ivan Rolland Karkada ◽  
Pallav Sengupta ◽  
Suresh V. Chinni
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anthropometric Markers ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Objective: Anemia bears a high global prevalence with about 1.6 billion people living with this affliction. Malaysia carries the burden of 13.8% anemia prevalence which urges for extensive research directed to its prediction and amelioration. This is the first study that aims to (a) propose simple non-invasive predictive anthropometric markers and their specific cut-off values for early prediction of anemia among the young adults in Malaysia, (b) provide anemia prevalence based on both gender and ethnicity among young adults of Malaysia.Method: The present cross-sectional study included 245 participants (113 men and 132 women) aged between 18 and 30 years. Anthropometric parameters were measured following the standard protocols. Blood samples were collected and hemoglobin levels were determined using the HemoCue haemoglobinometer (Hb 201+ System, Angelhom, Sweden) to detect the presence of anemia. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was employed to assess and compare the efficacy of anthropometric indices in the prediction of anemia. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v. 22.0, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc (v. 19.05, Ostend, Belgium).Result: The ROC analysis indicates that body mass index (BMI) is the best anthropometric marker with the highest area under the curve (AUC) and specificity (SP) for predicting the presence of anemia in young adults in Malaysia. Thus, the study proposes the optimal cut-off value of BMI for young men of Malaysia as 20.65 kg/m2 (AUC: 0.889) and young women of Malaysia as 19.7 kg/m2 (AUC: 0.904). The study also reports that Malaysian Indians have the highest prevalence of anemia (26.22%) followed by Malays (21.54%), “Others” (indigenous ethnic group) (20%), and Chinese (14.5%), with an overall higher prevalence of anemia in young adult women (21.96%) than in men (18.6%) of Malaysia.Conclusion: The proposed anemia-predictive anthropometric markers with optimal cut-off values will aid early detection of anemia among young adults in Malaysia, and given its simple, inexpensive, and intelligible approach, it can be widely used. The ease of anemia prediction together with the reported distribution of anemia prevalence based on gender and ethnicity will facilitate in gauging the necessary extent of strategies of anemia management in the young adult population of Malaysia.

Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence area decreases with age and sunglasses use

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-320284
Author(s):  
Gareth Lingham ◽  
Jason Kugelman ◽  
Jason Charng ◽  
Samantha SY Lee ◽  
Seyhan Yazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure ◽  
Efficient Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Over Time ◽  
New Onset

BackgroundConjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) is a method of detecting conjunctival damage related to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In cross-sectional studies, CUVAF area is positively associated with self-reported time spent outdoors and pterygium and negatively associated with myopia; however, longitudinal studies are scarce.AimsTo use a novel deep learning-based tool to assess 8-year change in CUVAF area in young adults, investigate factors associated with this change and identify the number of new onset pterygia.MethodsA deep learning-based CUVAF tool was developed to measure CUVAF area. CUVAF area and pterygium status were assessed at three study visits: baseline (participants were approximately 20 years old) and at 7-year and 8-year follow-ups. Participants self-reported sun protection behaviours and ocular history.ResultsCUVAF data were available for 1497 participants from at least one study visit; 633 (43%) participants had complete CUVAF data. Mean CUVAF areas at baseline and the 7-year and 8-year follow-ups were 48.4, 39.3 and 37.7 mm2, respectively. There was a decrease in mean CUVAF area over time (change in total CUVAF area=−0.96 mm2 per year (95% CI: −1.07 to –0.86)). For participants who wore sunglasses ≥1/2 of the time, CUVAF area decreased by an additional −0.42 mm2 per year (95% CI: −0.72 to –0.12) on average. Fourteen (1.5%) participants developed a pterygium.ConclusionsIn this young adult cohort, CUVAF area declined over an 8-year period. Wearing sunglasses was associated with a faster reduction in CUVAF area. Deep learning-based models can assist in accurate and efficient measurement of CUVAF area.

scholarly journals Evidence of validity of the Stress-Producing Life Events (SPLE) instrument

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Marta Rizzini ◽  
Alcione Miranda dos Santos ◽  
Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The One

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the construct validity of a list of eight Stressful Life Events in pregnant women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,446 pregnant women in São Luís, MA, and 1,364 pregnant women in Ribeirão Preto, SP (BRISA cohort), from February 2010 to June 2011. In the exploratory factorial analysis, the promax oblique rotation was used and for the calculation of the internal consistency, we used the compound reliability. The construct validity was determined by means of the confirmatory factorial analysis with the method of estimation of weighted least squares adjusted by the mean and variance. RESULTS: The model with the best fit in the exploratory analysis was the one that retained three factors with a cumulative variance of 61.1%. The one-factor model did not obtain a good fit in both samples in the confirmatory analysis. The three-factor model called Stress-Producing Life Events presented a good fit (RMSEA < 0.05; CFI/TLI > 0.90) for both samples. CONCLUSIONS: The Stress-Producing Life Events constitute a second order construct with three dimensions related to health, personal and financial aspects and violence. This study found evidence that confirms the construct validity of a list of stressor events, entitled Stress-Producing Life Events Inventory.

scholarly journals Energy drink intake is associated with insomnia and decreased daytime functioning in young adult females

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Georgina SA Trapp ◽  
Miriam Hurworth ◽  
Peter Jacoby ◽  
Kathleen Maddison ◽  
Karina Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Raine Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Females

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between energy drink (ED) use and sleep-related disturbances in a population-based sample of young adults from the Raine Study. Design: Analysis of cross-sectional data obtained from self-administered questionnaires to assess ED use and sleep disturbance (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ-10) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Symptoms Questionnaire–Insomnia (PSSQ-I)). Regression modelling was used to estimate the effect of ED use on sleep disturbances. All models adjusted for various potential confounders. Setting: Western Australia. Participants: Males and females, aged 22 years, from Raine Study Gen2–22 year follow-up. Results: Of the 1115 participants, 66 % were never/rare users (i.e. <once/month) of ED, 17·0 % were occasional users (i.e. >once/month to <once/week) and 17 % were frequent users (≥once/week). Compared with females, a greater proportion of males used ED occasionally (19 % v. 15 %) or frequently (24 % v. 11 %). Among females, frequent ED users experienced significantly higher symptoms of daytime sleepiness (FOSQ-10: β = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·32, 1·54, P = 0·003) and were five times more likely to experience insomnia (PSSQ-I: OR = 5·10, 95 % CI 1·81, 14·35, P = 0·002) compared with never/rare users. No significant associations were observed in males for any sleep outcomes. Conclusions: We found a positive association between ED use and sleep disturbances in young adult females. Given the importance of sleep for overall health, and ever-increasing ED use, intervention strategies are needed to curb ED use in young adults, particularly females. Further research is needed to determine causation and elucidate reasons for gender-specific findings.

scholarly journals Insomnia and Its Associated Factor among Young Adults in Selected College of Kathmandu Valley Province-3

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Shreejana Magar ◽  
Prajita Mali ◽  
Swechhya Baskota ◽  
Krishna Raj Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Productivity

Introduction: Insomnia has found to have many effects and risks on young adult and also has reduced economic productivity of the individuals as well as country. The prevalence of insomnia in Nepalese college students might be high as there is ineffectiveness of education system in addition to the further practical courses. Thus, the main aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of insomnia and its associated factors among young adult in selected college of Kathmandu. Methods: A cross -sectional descriptive study was conducted among 421 young adult in selected college of Kathmandu Valley. Students were selected conveniently. Data were collected after obtaining ethical approval. Semi-structured questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index was used to assess the level of insomnia. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS V 20. Univariate analysis was done and presented using frequency and percentage. Bivariate study was done by using the chi-sq. test in which p≤ 0.05 was considered for association between dependent and independent variable. Results: Out of 421 young adults, 379 were found to have insomnia. Insomnia was significantly associated with the use social media (0.013), the living condition (0.027) and economic status of the respondent (0.024). Conclusions: The study had shown high prevalence of insomnia among students in selected colleges of Kathmandu valley. Thus, the concerned authorities should be aware about insomnia and its health impact in young adults and should plan and implement various program for the prevention and control of the insomnia and its long term impact.

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