Dose-Dependent Vehicle Differences in the Acute Toxicity of Bromodichloromethane

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK D. LILLY ◽  
JANE ELLEN SIMMONS ◽  
REX A. PEGRAM
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Dependent

scholarly journals HYPOTHERMIC EFFECT OF ANTIHYPOXANTS πQ1983 AND πQ2170

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Denis Vladimirovich Sosin ◽  
Andrey Viktorovich Yevseyev ◽  
Edgar Andreyevich Parfenov ◽  
Vitaliy Andreyevich Pravdivtsev ◽  
Marina Anatolyevna Yevseyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Hypothermic Effect ◽  
Dose Dependent

In experiments on mice the influence of the new antihypoxants (selenium containing metal complex substances πQ1983, πQ2170) on rectal temperature level dynamic after parenteral and enteral introductions was studied. It is established that both substances perform clear dose-dependent hypothermic effect exceeding an action of the antihypoxant amthizole. Was supposed that substance πQ2170 has high acute toxicity affirmed by significant mice death-rate.

scholarly journals Tin thiocarbonohydrazone complexes: synthesis, crystal structures and biological evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yu-Ting Wang ◽  
Yan Fang ◽  
Yan-Li Lu ◽  
Ming-Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

Abstract In this article, three organotin complexes formulated as [(Me)2Sn(H2L1)] (1), [(Ph)2Sn(H2L1)]·MeOH (2) and [(Me)2Sn(HL2)(OAc)]4(Me)2O (3) (H4L1 = bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) thiocarbohydrazone and H2L2 = bis(2-acetylpyrazine) thiocarbonohydrazone) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Growth inhibition assays indicated that both the proligands and the three complexes are capable of showing anticancer activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with H2L2 and complex 3 showing much higher cytotoxic potential. Subsequent toxicity studies on normal QSG7701cells showed that complex 3 has the highest tumor cell selectivity, and its IC50 value on QSG7701 cells is 8.48 fold higher than that in HepG2 cells. In acute toxicity experiments, complex 3 produces a dose-dependent effect in NIH mice with a LD50 value of 17.2 mg kg−1.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic assessment and pre-clinical toxicity of ethanolic extract from Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. stem bark (Guatambu)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e17510917547
Author(s):  
Nilda Maria Alves ◽  
Marina Alves Coelho Silva ◽  
Leila Maria Leal Parente ◽  
José Realino de Paula ◽  
Alessandro de Carvalho Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
World Population ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Vegetal Species

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects approximately 10% of the world population. As it is a chronic disease, several patients search for alternatives to the traditional allopathic treatment, such as medicinal plants. In Brazil, the Aspidosperma subincanum (Guatambu) is one of the vegetal species commercialized in open markets used for diabetes popular treatment. Objective: To perform the phytochemical prospection and pre-clinical assessment of the ethanolic extract from stem bark of A. subincanum bark (EEAS). Material and methods: A. subincanum stem barks were collected in state of Goiás, Brazil and the EEAS was obtained by cold maceration. The phytochemical prospection was performed and acute and subacute toxicity assessments were performed according to OECD guidelines. Results: Phytochemical prospection identified the presence of steroids, triterpenes, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, and resins. The acute toxicity showed no death in EEAS doses administered intraperitoneally (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) and orally (5000 mg/kg). The subacute toxicity showed signs of nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and lung damages in the two highest doses tested (250, 250 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent way. However, the satellite group showed reversion of the lesions after 30 days of EEAS interruption. Conclusion: The acute toxicity of EEAS suggests an LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. The oral use of EEAS during a short period (30 days) or more can be hazardous at doses similar to that tested in this study and may represent a risk for those who consume this kind of extract as a medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of the root extracts of Fagaropsis hildebrandtii in mice and evaluation of their antimicrobial effects

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
Beatrice Mwende Muia ◽  
James Mucunu Mbaria ◽  
Laetitia Wakonyu Kanja ◽  
Nduhiu Gitahi ◽  
Paul Onyango Okumu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Among the Kamba community of Kenya, roots of Fagaropsis hildebrandtii (FH) are boiled and used in managing cough, fertility problems, and microbial infections. The safety of this plant in oral administration and the validity of the ethnomedical claims are unverified. This study evaluated the toxicity of the aqueous and hexane root extracts of FH in mice and antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Methods: Doses (300 and 2000 mg/kg) of the extracts were administered orally to mice for 14 days. The weight, feed, and water consumption, organ weight of mice and gross macroscopy of the liver were used in evaluating acute toxicity. Mice were additionally treated with 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body-weight doses of the extracts for 28 days and haematological, biochemical, and histological parameters noted. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MIC; MBC/MFC) of the extracts against the aforementioned pathogens were determined by broth dilution. Results: Acute oral toxicity of the extracts was >2000 mg/kg, there were dose dependent changes in haematological and biochemical parameters, all female mice died when treated with doses of 1000mg/kg and doses ≥500 mg/kg caused tubular degeneration and haemorrhage of the kidney, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, and multifocal necrosis and pyknosis in the liver. The MBC/MIC ratio of each of the extracts against Staph. aureus and S. typhimurium was 2, while C. albicans was not sensitive to any of the extracts. Conclusions: Long term use of FH root extracts was associated with dose-dependent changes in the mice kidney, liver and in biochemical and haematological parameters. Root extracts of FH are bactericidal against Staph. aureus and S. typhimurium but have no effect on C. albicans. Future work should aim at identifying the metabolites responsible for the observed toxic and bactericidal effects of the FH root extracts.

scholarly journals Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Alcoholic Extract of Berberis aristata Leaf in the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ratnaker Singh ◽  
Y. Trilochana
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent

For over a century, peptic ulcer has been one of the most common gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder. There are number of drugs are now available for treatment. Drugs of herbal origin reduce the offensive factors and have proved to be safe, clinically effective, relatively less expensive, globally competitive, and with better patient tolerance.This study was performed to assess the anti-ulcer activity on different parts of B.aristata. Apart from that, acute toxicity, qualitative chemical analysis, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC) and in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. The potentially active plant part was selected for screening as gastro protective, in vivo antioxidant and antisecretory activities in ulcerated rats.The 50% ethanolic extract of B. aristata were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of TFC and TPC. The crude extract from the leaves of B. aristata gave best antiulcer activity among flower and stem. In acute toxicity studies, the administration of the crude extract of B. aristata leaves did not reveal any adverse effects or toxicity in rats at fourteen days observations.The results of these studies have shown that ethylexract of B.aristata leaf (EEBAL) produced a significant dose dependent ulcerprotective, antioxidant and antisecretory activity by blocking the activity of proton pump, protecting from antioxidants produced during stress induced ulcer and by enhancing glycoprotein levels.

Anticancer activity, phytochemical screening and acute toxicity evaluation of an aqueous extract of Aristolochia longa L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachir Benarba ◽  
Atanasio Pandiella ◽  
Almahy Elmallah
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Aristolochia longa (Aristolochiaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to investigate the cytotoxic activity and the acute toxicity of an aqueous extract of A. longa roots. Also, the phytochemical composition of the extract was evaluated. The cytotoxic effects of the aqueous extract in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100 cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. A. longa roots were screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents using the standard qualitative phytochemical procedures. The acute oral toxicity (5000 mg/kg limited dose test) was evaluated. Our results showed that both cells were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by A. longa aqueous extract. The IC50 of A. longa aqueous extract was estimated after 72h treatment at 40μg/ml and 97μg/ml in HBL100 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. A. longa aqueous extract at a concentration of 500μg/ml suppressed effectively the cell growth of HBL100 and MDA-MB-231 cells. TLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonols, flavones and/or flavonoid glycosides as major compounds in the extract. Results of the acute toxicity study suggest the non-toxicity of the A. longa aqueous extract to the liver. Interestingly, the renal function was not affected by the extract administration at 5000mg/kg. A. longa aqueous extract could be toxicologically safe when administered orally in rats in a single dose. A. longa could be considered as a promising and safe source for developing novel therapeutics against breast cancer. Keywords: Aristolochia longa, breast cancer, phytochemical, acute toxicity, TLC.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive Effect of the Ethanol Leaf Extract of Balanites aegyptiaca Linn in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
O.A. Sodipo ◽  
J. Yakubu ◽  
A.M. Dungus ◽  
B. Wampana
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

Balanites aegyptiaca is a medicinal plant that has been used in a variety of folk medicines in India and Africa for the treatment of different ailments such as syphilis, jaundice, liver and spleen problems, epilepsy, yellow fever. This research aimed at investigating the phyt ochemical constituents, acute toxicity, anti inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the ethanol extract of Balanites aegyptiaca (EEBA) leaves. The plant material was extracted using ethanol as solvent. The dried ethanol extract was screened for the presence of phytochemicals; Acute toxicity (LD50) was  determined using Lorke’s method while anti inflammatory and antinociceptive activities were evaluated using hot plate and tail immersion methods in albino rats. Results of the study revealed that phyto chemical constituents such as flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins and glycosides were found in the EEBA, intraperitoneal LD 50 of 2154 mg/kg shows the substance is non toxic. The EEBA produced significant (p <0.05) and dose dependent anti inflammatory and a ntinociceptive activities at all test doses (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg). The presence of the phytochemicals detected might be responsible for the demonstrated anti inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in the plant extract. Keywords: Phytochemical, Anti inflammatory, Antinociceptive , Balanites aegyptiaca

scholarly journals ANTI-ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF WATTAKAKA VOLUBILIS (LINN. F.) BENTH EX. HOOK F. (ASCLEPIADACEAE) - A RARE AND THREATENED MEDICINAL PLANT

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Udhayasankar M.R ◽  
Danya U ◽  
Arumugasamy K
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Threatened Medicinal Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present study, investigates themethanolicleaves extract of Wattakaka volubilis (Family: Asclepiadaceae) designated as 'the extract' was evaluated for analgesic activity in mice. The analgesic activity was evaluated in mice models. In the acute toxicity study, it was found that the extract was non-toxic up to 1000mg/kg, p. o. The extract (150, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p. o.) was found to possessanalgesic activities in a dose-dependent manner and the effect was comparable with thatproduced by the standard drug, Diclofenac sodium.

Dose-dependent toxicity of diphenhydramine overdose

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Radovanovic ◽  
P J Meier ◽  
M Guirguis ◽  
J-P Lorent ◽  
H Kupferschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Dose Limit ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
Diphenhydramine Overdose ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Diphenhydramine (DPHM) overdose is a frequent cause of acute poisoning. Although its clinical features are well known, information about the dose dependent toxicity of DPHM is still scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent toxicity of DPHM in patients with acute DPHM poisoning. Methods: We have analyzed retrospectively all well-documented cases with DPHM monointoxications reported by physicians to the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre (STIC) between January 1984 and April 1996. In addition, a prospective study focusing on ingested DPHM doses and severity of symptoms was performed between May 1996 and December 1998. Results: The retrospective and prospective studies included 232 and 50 patients with DPHM monointoxications, respectively. In both studies, mild symptoms (somnolence, anticholinergic signs, tachycardia, nausea/vomiting) occurred in 55-64%, moderate symptoms (isolated and spontaneously resolving agitation, confusion, hallucinations and ECG disturbances) in 22-27% and severe symptoms (delirium/psychosis, seizures, coma) in 14-18% of patients. Moderate symptoms occurred above ingested doses of 0.3 g DPHM. For severe symptoms the critical dose limit was 1.0 g DPHM. Although the frequency of delirium/psychosis remained constant or even decreased, coma and seizures were significantly (p<0.05) more frequent in the >1.5-g compared with the 1.0-to 1.5-g-dose group. Conclusions: These data demonstrate a clear dose-dependent acute toxicity of DPHM. They indicate that only patients with DPHM ingestions above 1.0 g are at risk for the development of severe symptoms and, therefore, should be hospitalized. Thus, the results contribute to the data basis required for a cost effective management of patients with DPHM overdose.

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