scholarly journals Branching out: a new era of investigating physiological processes in forest trees using genomic tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Jui Tsai ◽  
Scott A Harding ◽  
Janice E K Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Forest Trees ◽  
New Era ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Genomic Tools

Impact of Drought Stress on Forest Trees – A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Shephali Sachan ◽  
◽  
Avinash Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Dangerous Situation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Capacity Level ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is creating dangerous situation worldwide. The impact of stress is not only the deficiency of water but it also leads to the deficiency and losses of everything which are linked to the water resources directly or indirectly. Drought stress disturbs the normal biochemical, molecular and physiological processes, affecting the morphology of plant. As a result the plant is either unable to live on abrupt changes or learn to avoid/tolerate the variation in the environment. The results vary species to species depending on genotype, frequency and time period of drought stress. There is need of screening various tree species for getting information related to their ability and capacity level of susceptibility, tolerance and avoidance behaviour with the further goal of their plantation in the various nurseries in order to rehabilitate the drought prone areas, wastelands and to increase intangible and tangible benefits.

Effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on foliar chemistry and physiological processes of forest trees at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine

2006 ◽  
Vol 221 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Elvir ◽  
G. Bruce Wiersma ◽  
Michael E. Day ◽  
Michael S. Greenwood ◽  
Ivan J. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Foliar Chemistry ◽  
Physiological Processes

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI SERANGGA DAN PENYAKIT DI AREAL PERSEMAIAN PT. SARI BUMI KUSUMA DI KECAMATAN BUKIT RAYA KABUPATEN KATINGANKALIMANTAN TEGAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulius Bambang ◽  
Farah Diba ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Nursery Area ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Seedlings are the first step in providing ready-to-plant seedlings and supporting sustainable forest-building processes. Growth of good quality tree, required seeds healthy, superior and free from pests and diseases in the nursery area. Lack of information on the types of pests and diseases that attack plants in the nursery at PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma KM. 93, it is necessary to identify clearly in order to know the types of pests and diseases that attack and further control measures against pest and disease attacks. Pests are all animals that cause losses to forest trees and forest products such as insects, squirrels, rats, pigs, deer and others. But the reality in the field of potential and explosive pests cause losses is from the insect class. Illness is the deterioration of physiological processes caused by a continuous pressure or disorder of a major (biotic or abiotic) cause that cell or tissue activity becomes abnormal, which is described in a typical pathology form called a symptom or sign. It is these symptoms or signs that indicate whether the tree in the forest is healthy or sick. The pest was found are caterpillar, looper and grasshopper leaves. The deaseas are trunk cancer, fruit tumor, leaves spott, gaal and fungi.Keywords: Nursery, pests, diseases.

scholarly journals Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Modifiers and Their Relevance in the New Era of Precision Medicine

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Afsoon Sepahzad ◽  
Deborah J. Morris-Rosendahl ◽  
Jane C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance ◽  
New Era ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease ◽  
Genomic Tools

Our understanding of cystic fibrosis (CF) has grown exponentially since the discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989. With evolving genetic and genomic tools, we have come to better understand the role of CFTR genotypes in the pathophysiology of the disease. This, in turn, has paved the way for the development of modulator therapies targeted at mutations in the CFTR, which are arguably one of the greatest advances in the treatment of CF. These modulator therapies, however, do not target all the mutations in CFTR that are seen in patients with CF and, furthermore, a variation in response is seen in patients with the same genotype who are taking modulator therapies. There is growing evidence to support the role of non-CFTR modifiers, both genetic and environmental, in determining the variation seen in CF morbidity and mortality and also in the response to existing therapies. This review focusses on key findings from studies using candidate gene and genome-wide approaches to identify CF modifier genes of lung disease in cystic fibrosis and considers the interaction between modifiers and the response to modulator therapies. As the use of modulator therapies expands and we gain data around outcomes, it will be of great interest to investigate this interaction further. Going forward, it will also be crucial to better understand the relative influence of genomic versus environmental factors. With this understanding, we can truly begin to deliver personalised care by better profiling the likely disease phenotype for each patient and their response to treatment.

The EuroPhysiome, STEP and a roadmap for the virtual physiological human

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1878) ◽  
pp. 2979-2999 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W Fenner ◽  
B Brook ◽  
G Clapworthy ◽  
P.V Coveney ◽  
V Feipel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
New Era ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Biomedical Industry ◽  
Computational Methods And Technologies

Biomedical science and its allied disciplines are entering a new era in which computational methods and technologies are poised to play a prevalent role in supporting collaborative investigation of the human body. Within Europe, this has its focus in the virtual physiological human (VPH), which is an evolving entity that has emerged from the EuroPhysiome initiative and the strategy for the EuroPhysiome (STEP) consortium. The VPH is intended to be a solution to common infrastructure needs for physiome projects across the globe, providing a unifying architecture that facilitates integration and prediction, ultimately creating a framework capable of describing Homo sapiens in silico . The routine reliance of the biomedical industry, biomedical research and clinical practice on information technology (IT) highlights the importance of a tailor-made and robust IT infrastructure, but numerous challenges need to be addressed if the VPH is to become a mature technological reality. Appropriate investment will reap considerable rewards, since it is anticipated that the VPH will influence all sectors of society, with implications predominantly for improved healthcare, improved competitiveness in industry and greater understanding of (patho)physiological processes. This paper considers issues pertinent to the development of the VPH, highlighted by the work of the STEP consortium.

scholarly journals Social molecular pathways and the evolution of bee societies

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1574) ◽  
pp. 2155-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Bloch ◽  
Christina M. Grozinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Social Signal ◽  
Evolution Of Sociality ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Social

Bees provide an excellent model with which to study the neuronal and molecular modifications associated with the evolution of sociality because relatively closely related species differ profoundly in social behaviour, from solitary to highly social. The recent development of powerful genomic tools and resources has set the stage for studying the social behaviour of bees in molecular terms. We review ‘ground plan’ and ‘genetic toolkit’ models which hypothesize that discrete pathways or sets of genes that regulate fundamental behavioural and physiological processes in solitary species have been co-opted to regulate complex social behaviours in social species. We further develop these models and propose that these conserved pathways and genes may be incorporated into ‘social pathways’, which consist of relatively independent modules involved in social signal detection, integration and processing within the nervous and endocrine systems, and subsequent behavioural outputs. Modifications within modules or in their connections result in the evolution of novel behavioural patterns. We describe how the evolution of pheromonal regulation of social pathways may lead to the expression of behaviour under new social contexts, and review plasticity in circadian rhythms as an example for a social pathway with a modular structure.

Unbiased estimation of particle number and sizes using the new stereological tools: the disector, the fractionator, the selector, and the nucleator — or just point-sampled intercepts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
H.J.G. Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Parallel Plane ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
New Era ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Distinct Property ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Previously, all stereological estimation of particle number and sizes were based on models and notoriously gave biased results, were very inefficient to use and difficult to justify. For all references to old methods and a direct comparison with unbiased methods see recent reviews.The publication in 1984 of the DISECTOR, the first unbiased stereological probe for sampling and counting 3—D objects irrespective of their size and shape, signalled the new era in stereology — and give rise to a number of remarkably simple and efficient techniques based on its distinct property: It is the only known way to obtain an unbiased sample of 3-D objects (cells, organelles, etc). The principle is simple: within a 2-D unbiased frame count or sample only cells which are not hit by a parallel plane at a known, small distance h.The area of the frame and h must be known, which might sometimes in itself be a problem, albeit usually a small one. A more severe problem may arise because these constants are known at the scale of the fixed, embedded and sectioned tissue which is often shrunken considerably.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

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