Genetic Manipulation of Forest Trees: Implications for Physiological Processes

Plant Aging ◽  
1990 ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don J. Durzan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Physiological Processes

scholarly journals Disruption of inositol biosynthesis through targeted mutagenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum: generation and characterization of inositol-auxotrophic mutants

2006 ◽  
Vol 397 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fischbach ◽  
Stephan Adelt ◽  
Alexander Müller ◽  
Günter Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Cellular Slime

myo-Inositol and its downstream metabolites participate in diverse physiological processes. Nevertheless, considering their variety, it is likely that additional roles are yet to be uncovered. Biosynthesis of myo-inositol takes place via an evolutionarily conserved metabolic pathway and is strictly dependent on inositol-3-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4). Genetic manipulation of this enzyme will disrupt the cellular inositol supply. Two methods, based on gene deletion and antisense strategy, were used to generate mutants of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. These mutants are inositol-auxotrophic and show phenotypic changes under inositol starvation. One remarkable attribute is their inability to live by phagocytosis of bacteria, which is the exclusive nutrient source in their natural environment. Cultivated on fluid medium, the mutants lose their viability when deprived of inositol for longer than 24 h. Here, we report a study of the alterations in the first 24 h in cellular inositol, inositol phosphate and phosphoinositide concentrations, whereby a rapidly accumulating phosphorylated compound was detected. After its identification as 2,3-BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate), evidence could be found that the internal disturbances of inositol homoeostasis trigger the accumulation. In a first attempt to characterize this as a physiologically relevant response, the efficient in vitro inhibition of a D. discoideum inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.56) by 2,3-BPG is presented.

Impact of Drought Stress on Forest Trees – A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Shephali Sachan ◽  
◽  
Avinash Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Dangerous Situation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Capacity Level ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is creating dangerous situation worldwide. The impact of stress is not only the deficiency of water but it also leads to the deficiency and losses of everything which are linked to the water resources directly or indirectly. Drought stress disturbs the normal biochemical, molecular and physiological processes, affecting the morphology of plant. As a result the plant is either unable to live on abrupt changes or learn to avoid/tolerate the variation in the environment. The results vary species to species depending on genotype, frequency and time period of drought stress. There is need of screening various tree species for getting information related to their ability and capacity level of susceptibility, tolerance and avoidance behaviour with the further goal of their plantation in the various nurseries in order to rehabilitate the drought prone areas, wastelands and to increase intangible and tangible benefits.

Physiological effects of plasmid DNA transformation on Azotobacter vinelandii

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baernard R. Glick ◽  
Heather E. Brooks ◽  
J. J. Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Dna Transformation ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid

Genetic transformation of Azotobacter vinelandii by the introduction of broad-host-range plasmid DNA (i.e., pRK2501, RSF1010, or pGSS15) causes a number of physiological changes. As shown here, the capacity for nitrogen fixation, mean cell size, and synthesis of siderophores are decreased, whereas the production of capsular slime is enhanced. These findings suggest that the presence of plasmid DNA imposes a "metabolic load" on Azotobacter vinelandii. Therefore, it cannot be assumed a priori that the introduction of plasmid DNA into Azotobacter vinelandii will not disrupt some normal physiological processes. The implications of these findings are discussed, specifically in the context of developing Azotobacter vinelandii as an effective bacterial fertilizer by genetic manipulation.

Effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on foliar chemistry and physiological processes of forest trees at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine

2006 ◽  
Vol 221 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Elvir ◽  
G. Bruce Wiersma ◽  
Michael E. Day ◽  
Michael S. Greenwood ◽  
Ivan J. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Foliar Chemistry ◽  
Physiological Processes

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI SERANGGA DAN PENYAKIT DI AREAL PERSEMAIAN PT. SARI BUMI KUSUMA DI KECAMATAN BUKIT RAYA KABUPATEN KATINGANKALIMANTAN TEGAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulius Bambang ◽  
Farah Diba ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Nursery Area ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Seedlings are the first step in providing ready-to-plant seedlings and supporting sustainable forest-building processes. Growth of good quality tree, required seeds healthy, superior and free from pests and diseases in the nursery area. Lack of information on the types of pests and diseases that attack plants in the nursery at PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma KM. 93, it is necessary to identify clearly in order to know the types of pests and diseases that attack and further control measures against pest and disease attacks. Pests are all animals that cause losses to forest trees and forest products such as insects, squirrels, rats, pigs, deer and others. But the reality in the field of potential and explosive pests cause losses is from the insect class. Illness is the deterioration of physiological processes caused by a continuous pressure or disorder of a major (biotic or abiotic) cause that cell or tissue activity becomes abnormal, which is described in a typical pathology form called a symptom or sign. It is these symptoms or signs that indicate whether the tree in the forest is healthy or sick. The pest was found are caterpillar, looper and grasshopper leaves. The deaseas are trunk cancer, fruit tumor, leaves spott, gaal and fungi.Keywords: Nursery, pests, diseases.

scholarly journals From Genome Sequencing to CRISPR-Based Genome Editing for Climate-Resilient Forest Trees

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Hieu Xuan Cao ◽  
Giang Thi Ha Vu ◽  
Oliver Gailing
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the economic and ecological importance of forest trees, modern breeding and genetic manipulation of forest trees have become increasingly prevalent. The CRISPR-based technology provides a versatile, powerful, and widely accepted tool for analyzing gene function and precise genetic modification in virtually any species but remains largely unexplored in forest species. Rapidly accumulating genetic and genomic resources for forest trees enabled the identification of numerous genes and biological processes that are associated with important traits such as wood quality, drought, or pest resistance, facilitating the selection of suitable gene editing targets. Here, we introduce and discuss the latest progress, opportunities, and challenges of genome sequencing and editing for improving forest sustainability.

scholarly journals Branching out: a new era of investigating physiological processes in forest trees using genomic tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Jui Tsai ◽  
Scott A Harding ◽  
Janice E K Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Forest Trees ◽  
New Era ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Genomic Tools

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Pro-Vascular Cellular Morphology in Chaetophora Incressata

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
A. E. Hotchkiss ◽  
A. T. Hotchkiss ◽  
R. P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Multicellular green algae may be an ancestral form of the vascular plants. These algae exhibit cell wall structure, chlorophyll pigmentation, and physiological processes similar to those of higher plants. The presence of a vascular system which provides water, minerals, and nutrients to remote tissues in higher plants was believed unnecessary for the algae. Among the green algae, the Chaetophorales are complex highly branched forms that might require some means of nutrient transport. The Chaetophorales do possess apical meristematic groups of cells that have growth orientations suggestive of stem and root positions. Branches of Chaetophora incressata were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for ultrastructural evidence of pro-vascular transport.

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