scholarly journals Manipulating Wild and Tamed Phytobiomes: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence H. Bell ◽  
Kevin L. Hockett ◽  
Ricardo I. Alcalá-Briseño ◽  
Mary Barbercheck ◽  
Gwyn A. Beattie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Paper ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Scientific Practical ◽  
Near Future

This white paper presents a series of perspectives on current and future phytobiome management, discussed at the Wild and Tamed Phytobiomes Symposium in University Park, PA, U.S.A., in June 2018. To enhance plant productivity and health, and to translate lab- and greenhouse-based phytobiome research to field applications, the academic community and end-users need to address a variety of scientific, practical, and social challenges. Prior discussion of phytobiomes has focused heavily on plant-associated bacterial and fungal assemblages, but the phytobiomes concept covers all factors that influence plant function. Here we discuss various management considerations, including abiotic conditions (e.g., soil and nutrient applications), microorganisms (e.g., bacterial and fungal assemblages, bacterial and fungal inoculants, and viruses), macroorganisms (e.g., arthropods and plant genetics), and societal factors (e.g., communication approaches and technology diffusion). An important near-term goal for this field should be to estimate the potential relative contribution of different components of the phytobiome to plant health, as well as the potential and risk of modifying each in the near future.

scholarly journals The Defining Characteristics of Agroecosystem Living Labs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Chris McPhee ◽  
Margaret Bancerz ◽  
Muriel Mambrini-Doudet ◽  
François Chrétien ◽  
Christian Huyghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
High Uncertainty

In response to environmental, economic, and social challenges, the living labs approach to innovation is receiving increasing attention within the agricultural sector. In this paper, we propose a set of defining characteristics for an emerging type of living lab intended to increase the sustainability and resilience of agriculture and agri-food systems: the “agroecosystem living lab”. Drawing on first-hand knowledge of case studies of large initiatives from Canada and France and supported by eight other cases from the literature, we highlight the unique nature of agroecosystem living labs and their distinct challenges with respect to their aims, activities, participants, and context. In particular, these living labs are characterized by exceptionally high levels of scientific research; long innovation cycles with high uncertainty due to external factors; and the high number and diversity of stakeholders involved. Both procedurally and conceptually, we link to earlier efforts undertaken by researchers seeking to identify urban living labs and rural living labs as distinct, new types of living labs. By highlighting what makes agroecosystem living labs unique and their commonalities with other types of living labs, we hope to encourage their further study and help practitioners better understand their implementation and operational challenges and opportunities.

Arm (in de) stad : Medico-sociale uitdagingen voor het OCMW

Res Publica ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
H.B. Cools
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The City

This account of poverty and deviance during recent times in the city of Antwerp compares situations of the 1930's with present times. Undoubtedly social security prevented, since the end of the war, that many people feit into poverty.  Still in the presence of massive unemployment, public relieve organisations, such as the 0.C.M.W. (Municipal Centre for Health Care and Social Welfare) are more and more confronted with what is called precarity.About 25% of the Antwerp population is estimated to be living in a precair situation. After glancing on the near future and warningfor a number of social challenges, the article insists very much on preventional politics and coordinated total development projects in the depressed areas.

Issues and Challenges (Privacy, Security, and Trust) in Blockchain-Based Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-209
Author(s):  
Siddharth M. Nair ◽  
Varsha Ramesh ◽  
Amit Kumar Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

The major issues and challenges in blockchain over internet of things are security, privacy, and usability. Confidentiality, authentication, and control are the challenges faced in security issue. Hence, this chapter will discuss the challenges and opportunities from the prospective of security and privacy of data in blockchain (with respect to security and privacy community point of view). Furthermore, the authors will provide some future trends that blockchain technology may adapt in the near future (in brief).

Natural resource use conflicts in a changing climate: The case of the wetlands of Kilombero and Kilosa districts in Tanzania.

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Emma T. Liwenga ◽  
Florian Silangwa
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Abstract In Tanzania studies on conflicts between subsistence farmers and agropastoralists/pastoralists as well communities versus conservationists have been frequently reported. These include studies on water use conflicts in the Pangan River Basin. Agropastoralists have also been evicted as a result of these conflicts. The overriding tendency has thus been centered on discussion about what keeps pastoralists and crop cultivators apart rather than what keeps them together. Although conflicts occur mainly as a result of resource competition, some conflicts constitute only one aspect of a much more complex interaction between the two groups. Little has been documented in examining the relative contribution of climatic and non-climatic factors in aggravating these conflicts and how this triggers various dimensions of conflicts among livelihood groups. This study examined the relative contribution of climatic and non-climatic factors as causes of natural resource conflict, based on a study conducted in Kilosa and Kilombero districts in south-central Tanzania. The study further examined conflict resolution mechanisms in terms of adaptive capacity to address these issues in a changing climate and in particular explored the roles of institutions in conflict resolution, and the associated challenges and opportunities involved. The study was conducted through a household survey, focus group discussions and expert interviews with Kilosa and Kilombero district land planning officers. The aim was to understand the challenges of land use planning and how those transformed into conflicts between users. The results of the interviews in the two districts revealed that there were land conflicts related to boundary disputes between and among villages, investors against villages or communities, and government agencies versus villages or investors. Unlike Kilosa, Kilombero District had more land conflicts involving villages and government institutions. There is a complicated land conflict in 25 villages against the Ramsar site area.

scholarly journals Developing Astronomy Research and Education in the Philippines

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 568-568
Author(s):  
R. M. D. Sese ◽  
M. B. N. (Thijs) Kouwenhoven
Keyword(s):  
White Paper ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Education Outreach ◽  
Astronomy And Astrophysics

AbstractIn the past few years, the Philippines has been gradually developing its research and educational capabilities in astronomy and astrophysics. In terms of astronomy development, it is still lagging behind several neighboring Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia, while it is advanced with respect to several others. One of the main issues hampering progress is the scarcity of trained professional Filipino astronomers, as well as long-term visions for astronomy development. Here, we will be presenting an overview of astronomy education and research in the country. We will discuss the history and current status of astronomy in the Philippines, including all levels of education, outreach and awareness activities, as well as potential areas for research and collaborations. We also discuss issues that need to be addressed to ensure sustainable astronomy development in the Philippines. Finally, we discuss several ongoing and future programs aimed at promoting astronomy research and education. In essence, the work is a precursor of a possible white paper which we envision to submit to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in the near future, with which we aim to further convince the authorities of the importance of astrophysics. With the support of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), this may eventually lead to the creation of a separate astronomy agency in the Philippines.

scholarly journals Tourism industry in the new Europe: trends, policies and challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Irina Ana
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Developed Countries

Abstract This paper provides an examination of tourism in the New Member States of the European Union from the date of accession until the last year for which data is available (2014), assessing not only the importance of tourism for the New Member States economy, but also the factors and trends that might affect this industry. Predictions for tourism after joining the EU had been confident and the statistical findings confirmed that the outcomes had been to a great extent encouraging and favourable. Considerable research has been devoted to tourism in the developed countries from Europe, the so-called Old Member States, but rather less attention has been paid to tourism in the Central Eastern Europe, the New Member States region. In this regard, the paper will start with an overview of the current state of the literature on this topic, section that precedes a presentation of European bodies and policies in the travel and tourism field. According to The World Bank Database (World Tourism Organization, 2016), the number of international inbound tourists in the countries Newest Members of EU increased on average three times and in many cases this is partly a consequence of the Community’s accession policy and the market oriented policies in the new Member States (Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General of the European Commission, 2007). Time series will be analysed in order to identify specific trends in the tourism industry, but also in an attempt to characterize the European integration impact on the New Member States’ tourism. Main future challenges and opportunities in the travel and tourism industry will also be sketched, so the paper to better serve not only participants in the academic community and practitioners in the tourism business, but also financial market parties or consultants.

scholarly journals Refocusing loyalty programs in the era of big data: a societal lens paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
Valeria Stourm ◽  
Scott A. Neslin ◽  
Eric T. Bradlow ◽  
Els Breugelmans ◽  
So Yeon Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

AbstractBig data and technological change have enabled loyalty programs to become more prevalent and complex. How these developments influence society has been overlooked, both in academic research and in practice. We argue why this issue is important and propose a framework to refocus loyalty programs in the era of big data through a societal lens. We focus on three aspects of the societal lens—inequality, privacy, and sustainability. We discuss how loyalty programs in the big data era impact each of these societal factors, and then illustrate how, by adopting this societal lens paradigm, researchers and practitioners can generate insights and ideas that address the challenges and opportunities that arise from the interaction between loyalty programs and society. Our goal is to broaden the perspectives of researchers and managers so they can enhance loyalty programs to address evolving societal needs.

Challenges and opportunities for managing respiratory disease in dairy calves

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Early Detection Of Disease ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
Near Future ◽  
A Current

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is important for the Ontario dairy industry due to the large economic and welfare costs of this disease. Practical science-based management techniques are needed to control and reduce the risk of this disease. Currently, the emphasis on BRD is focused on early detection of disease and prevention. These areas are important but it is not practical to assume this disease will be eliminated in the near future. It is necessary to determine the best practices for caring for sick animals, monitoring their recovery and making changes to their management to facilitate health and recovery. If management changes can be made for animals that are failing to thrive in a current situation, a more complete recovery may be possible and the welfare and economic costs of BRD may be minimized.

scholarly journals The Tumor Microenvironment at a Turning Point—Knowledge Gained Over the Last Decade, and Challenges and Opportunities Ahead: A White Paper from the NCI TME Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves A. DeClerck ◽  
Kenneth J. Pienta ◽  
Elisa C. Woodhouse ◽  
Dinah S. Singer ◽  
Suresh Mohla
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

White Paper on Black Money Government of India, Ministry of Finance, May 2012 Strategies for Curbing Generation of Black Money

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
   
Keyword(s):  
White Paper ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Tax Havens ◽  
The Public ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Supreme Court Of India ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Near Future

Generation of black money and its stashing abroad in tax havens and offshore financial centres have dominated discussions and debate in public fora during the recent past. Members of Parliament, the Supreme Court of India and the public at large have unequivocally expressed concern on the issue, particularly after some reports suggested estimates of such unaccounted wealth being held abroad. After uproar in Parliament, Government of India came out with a White Paper on Black Money in May 2012. The White Paper presented the different facets of black money and its complex relationship with policy and administrative regime in the country. It also reflected upon the policy options and strategies that the Government had been pursuing in the context of recent initiatives, or need to take up in the near future, to address the issue of black money and corruption in public life. Extracts from the White Paper are presented below.

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