scholarly journals Tomato Genotype Modulates Selection and Responses to Root Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-326
Author(s):  
Elizabeth French ◽  
Tri Tran ◽  
Anjali S. Iyer-Pascuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Tomato Genotype ◽  
Root Microbiota ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Using microbial inoculants to enhance plant health is promising for crop improvement. However, for success, knowledge of how different cultivars within a crop species select and respond to the root microbiome is critical. The aims of this study were to (i) determine the contribution of tomato genotype to the tomato root bacterial microbiome and (ii) investigate whether closely related tomato genotypes differ in their selection of and response to root endophytes. We used 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing to examine the root bacterial communities of six Solanum lycopersicum (domesticated tomato) and two S. pimpinellifolium (wild tomato) accessions. We found that, across accessions, both the root endosphere and rhizosphere were affected by genotype. Genotype accounted for 10% of the variation in root microbiota. Two bacterial families, Bacillaceae and Rhizobiaceae, were significantly enriched in the root endosphere in at least six of the eight tomato genotypes. To investigate whether closely related tomato genotypes differed in selection of these endosphere-enriched taxa, we profiled the root endosphere of 20 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from two of the genotypes. The abundance of Bacillaceae and Rhizobiaceae isolates varied quantitatively in the root endosphere of the RILs. Inoculation of 16 RILs with a Bacillaceae isolate identified from the root endosphere of field-grown tomato showed that RIL responses, in terms of shoot and root growth, varied from less than 5% growth enhancement to more than 40%. Our data show that tomato genotypes have distinct but overlapping root bacterial microbiomes and respond differently to specific bacterial endophytes.

scholarly journals Combining metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to assess and improve crop quality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine M. Pott ◽  
Sara Durán-Soria ◽  
Sonia Osorio ◽  
José G. Vallarino
Keyword(s):  
Quality Trait ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractPlant quality trait improvement has become a global necessity due to the world overpopulation. In particular, producing crop species with enhanced nutrients and health-promoting compounds is one of the main aims of current breeding programs. However, breeders traditionally focused on characteristics such as yield or pest resistance, while breeding for crop quality, which largely depends on the presence and accumulation of highly valuable metabolites in the plant edible parts, was left out due to the complexity of plant metabolome and the impossibility to properly phenotype it. Recent technical advances in high throughput metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic platforms have provided efficient approaches to identify new genes and pathways responsible for the extremely diverse plant metabolome. In addition, they allow to establish correlation between genotype and metabolite composition, and to clarify the genetic architecture of complex biochemical pathways, such as the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants, many of them being highly valuable for the human diet. In this review, we focus on how the combination of metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic approaches is a useful tool for the selection of crop varieties with improved nutritional value and quality traits.

scholarly journals Asparagine accumulation in chicory storage roots is controlled by translocation and feedback regulation of asparagine biosynthesis in leaves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanoella Soares ◽  
Leonard Shumbe ◽  
Nicholas Dauchot ◽  
Christine Notté ◽  
Claire Prouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Negative Feedback Loop ◽  
List Type ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryThe presence of acrylamide (AA), a potentially carcinogenic and neurotoxic compound, in food has become a major concern for public health. AA in plant-derived food mainly arises from the reaction of the amino acid asparagine (Asn) and reducing sugars during processing of foodstuffs at high temperature.Using a selection of genotypes from the chicory germplasm we performed Asn measurements in storage roots and leaves to identify genotypes contrasting for Asn accumulation. We combined molecular analysis and grafting experiments to show that leaf to root translocation controls asparagine biosynthesis and accumulation in chicory storage roots.We could demonstrate that Asn accumulation in storage roots depends on Asn biosynthesis and transport from the leaf, and that a negative feedback loop by Asn on CiASN1 expression impacts Asn biosynthesis in leaves.Our results provide a new model for asparagine biosynthesis in root crop species and highlight the importance of characterizing and manipulating asparagine transport to reduce AA content in processed plant-based foodstuffs.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and water use efficiency in the selection of tomato genotypes tolerant to water stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Borba ◽  
G.M. Maciel ◽  
E.F. Fraga Júnior ◽  
C.S. Machado Júnior ◽  
G.R. Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The genetic framework of plant breeding

1981 ◽  
Vol 292 (1062) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Biometrical Genetics ◽  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Linkage Disequilibria ◽  
Random Samples

The phenotypic variation that the breeder must manipulate to produce improved genotypes typically contains contributions from both heritable and non-heritable sources as well as from interactions between them. The totality of this variation can be understood only in terms of a methodology such as that of biometrical genetics - an extension of classical Mendelian genetics that retains all of its analytical, interpretative and predictive powers but only in respect of the net or summed effects of all contributing gene loci. In biometrical genetics the statistics that describe the phenotypic distributions are themselves completely described by heritable components based on the known types of gene action and interaction in combination with nonheritable components defined by the statistical properties of the experimental design. Biometrical genetics provides a framework for investigating the genetical basis and justification for current plant breeding strategies that are typified by the production of F 1 hybrids at one extreme and recombinant inbred lines at the other. From the early generations of a cross it can extract estimates of the heritable components of the phenotypic distributions that provide all the information required to interpret the cause of F 1 heterosis and predict the properties of any generation that can subsequently be derived from the cross. Applications to crosses in experimental and crop species show that true overdominance is not a cause of F 1 heterosis, although spurious overdominance arising from linkage disequilibria and non-allelic interactions can be. Predictions of the phenotypic distributions and ranges of recombinant inbred lines that should be extractable from these crosses are confirmed by observations made on random samples of inbred families produced from them by single seed descent. Within these samples, recombinant inbred lines superior to existing inbred lines and their F 1 hybrids are observed with the predicted frequencies.

Selection of shade-tolerant tomato genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
D. Sulistyowati ◽  
M.A. Chozin ◽  
M. Syukur ◽  
M. Melati ◽  
D. Guntoro
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Direct Classification and Selection of Superior Alleles for Crop Improvement

Crop Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Sorrells ◽  
William A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Genome Editing in Agriculture: Technical and Practical Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Jansing ◽  
Andreas Schiermeyer ◽  
Stefan Schillberg ◽  
Rainer Fischer ◽  
Luisa Bortesi
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Selection Of

The advent of precise genome-editing tools has revolutionized the way we create new plant varieties. Three groups of tools are now available, classified according to their mechanism of action: Programmable sequence-specific nucleases, base-editing enzymes, and oligonucleotides. The corresponding techniques not only lead to different outcomes, but also have implications for the public acceptance and regulatory approval of genome-edited plants. Despite the high efficiency and precision of the tools, there are still major bottlenecks in the generation of new and improved varieties, including the efficient delivery of the genome-editing reagents, the selection of desired events, and the regeneration of intact plants. In this review, we evaluate current delivery and regeneration methods, discuss their suitability for important crop species, and consider the practical aspects of applying the different genome-editing techniques in agriculture.

scholarly journals Dioecious hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants do not express significant sexually dimorphic morphology in the seedling stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley G. Campbell ◽  
Kristen Peach ◽  
Sydney B. Wizenberg
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Seedling Morphology

AbstractSome economically important crop species are dioecious, producing pollen and ovules on distinct, unisexual, individuals. On-the-spot diagnosis of sex is important to breeders and farmers for crop improvement and maximizing yield, yet diagnostic tools at the seedling stage are understudied and lack a scientific basis. Understanding sexual dimorphism in juvenile plants may provide key ecological, evolutionary and economic insights into dioecious plant species in addition to improving the process of crop cultivation. To address this gap in the literature, we asked: can we reliably differentiate males, females, and co-sexual individuals based on seedling morphology in Cannabis sativa, and do the traits used to distinguish sex at this stage vary between genotypes? To answer these questions, we collected data on phenotypic traits of 112 C. sativa plants (50 female, 52 male, 10 co-sexuals) from two hemp cultivars (CFX-1, CFX-2) during the second week of vegetative growth and used ANOVAs to compare morphology among sexes. We found males grew significantly longer hypocotyls than females by week 2, but this difference depended on the cultivar investigated. Preliminary evidence suggests that co-sexual plants may be distinguished from male and female plants using short hypocotyl length and seedling height, although this relationship requires more study since sample sizes of co-sexual plants were small. In one of the cultivars, two-week old male plants tend to produce longer hypocotyls than other plants, which may help to identify these plants prior to anthesis. We call for increased research effort on co-sexual plants, given their heavy economic cost in industrial contexts and rare mention in the literature. Our preliminary data suggests that short hypocotyl length may be an indicator of co-sexuality. These results are the first steps towards developing diagnostic tools for predicting sex using vegetative morphology in dioecious species and understanding how sexual dimorphism influences phenotype preceding sexual maturity.

Crop biotechnology: prospects and opportunities

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. DUNWELL
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Development Pipeline ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Crop Biotechnology ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYThis paper is a brief review summarizing some of the important areas of activity in crop biotechnology likely to be exploited over the medium term (10–20 years), with an emphasis on agronomic traits. It provides details on various approaches to improving the tolerance of crops to abiotic and to biotic stresses. Additionally, it describes recent advances in understanding the factors that affect the intrinsic performance of plants, for example, in terms of their photosynthetic efficiency and their genetic composition. The review also provides a short selection of recently granted patents and patent applications, as this information often identifies those subjects that might be commercially exploited over this period. Finally, it provides a summary of the various predictions of the commercial development pipeline based upon a range of transgenes in major crop species.

scholarly journals The Dawn of the Age of Multi-Parent MAGIC Populations in Plant Breeding: Novel Powerful Next-Generation Resources for Genetic Analysis and Selection of Recombinant Elite Material

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Arrones ◽  
Santiago Vilanova ◽  
Mariola Plazas ◽  
Giulio Mangino ◽  
Laura Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Genetic Mosaic ◽  
Selection Of

The compelling need to increase global agricultural production requires new breeding approaches that facilitate exploiting the diversity available in the plant genetic resources. Multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations are large sets of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that are a genetic mosaic of multiple founder parents. MAGIC populations display emerging features over experimental bi-parental and germplasm populations in combining significant levels of genetic recombination, a lack of genetic structure, and high genetic and phenotypic diversity. The development of MAGIC populations can be performed using “funnel” or “diallel” cross-designs, which are of great relevance choosing appropriate parents and defining optimal population sizes. Significant advances in specific software development are facilitating the genetic analysis of the complex genetic constitutions of MAGIC populations. Despite the complexity and the resources required in their development, due to their potential and interest for breeding, the number of MAGIC populations available and under development is continuously growing, with 45 MAGIC populations in different crops being reported here. Though cereals are by far the crop group where more MAGIC populations have been developed, MAGIC populations have also started to become available in other crop groups. The results obtained so far demonstrate that MAGIC populations are a very powerful tool for the dissection of complex traits, as well as a resource for the selection of recombinant elite breeding material and cultivars. In addition, some new MAGIC approaches that can make significant contributions to breeding, such as the development of inter-specific MAGIC populations, the development of MAGIC-like populations in crops where pure lines are not available, and the establishment of strategies for the straightforward incorporation of MAGIC materials in breeding pipelines, have barely been explored. The evidence that is already available indicates that MAGIC populations will play a major role in the coming years in allowing for impressive gains in plant breeding for developing new generations of dramatically improved cultivars.

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