Waitea circinata var. zeae causing root rot of cabbage and oilseed rape

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Vojvodić ◽  
Brankica Tanovic ◽  
Petar Mitrovic ◽  
Ivana Vico ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Group I ◽  
Waitea Circinata ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

Cabbage, a widely used and popular vegetable, and oilseed rape, the second most valuable oilseed crop in the world, are two important species from the Brassicaceae family. Two geographically separated outbreaks of cabbage and oilseed rape root rot with estimated incidence of 15% and 20%, respectively, were recorded during 2017 in the Vojvodina region, Serbia. Twelve hyphal-tip isolates were obtained from symptomatic cabbage and oilseed rape plants and identified as Waitea circinata var. zeae based on morphological and molecular features. This indicates that W. circinata var. zeae has expanded its host range to the Brassicaceae family. Sequence analyses of ITS and LSU of the rDNA, RPB2, and β-tubulin genes revealed the highest similarity with multiple W. circinata var. zeae. Neighbor-joining analyses of ITS sequences resulted in a phylogenetic tree with one well-defined branch of W. circinata var. zeae, with two separate groups. All Serbian isolates and the majority of isolates originating from natural infection of dicotyledonous plants grouped together in Group I. Following artificial inoculation, W. circinata var. zeae isolates caused mild to medium root necrosis of seedlings of 2 monocotyledonous and 12 dicotyledonous plant species, implying a wider host range than known for W. circinata var. zeae. Additionally, this is the first occurrence of W. circinata var. zeae on dicotyledonous host plants in Europe. As cabbage and oilseed rape are important crops grown worldwide, the occurrence of this new soil-borne pathogen with a broad host range imposes the necessity for changes in routine disease control practice, particularly crop rotation.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Nectriaceous Fungi on Avocado in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1479-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisamarie E. Parkinson ◽  
Roger G. Shivas ◽  
Elizabeth K. Dann
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Black root rot is a severe disease of young avocado trees in Australia causing black necrotic roots, tree stunting, and leaf drop prior to tree death. Nectriaceous fungi (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), are commonly isolated from symptomatic roots. This research tested the pathogenicity of 19 isolates from Calonectria, Cylindrocladiella, Dactylonectria, Gliocladiopsis, and Ilyonectria, spp. collected from young avocado trees and other hosts. Glasshouse pathogenicity tests with ‘Reed’ avocado (Persea americana) seedlings confirmed that Calonectria ilicicola is a severe pathogen of avocado, causing stunting, wilting, and seedling death within 5 weeks of inoculation. Isolates of C. ilicicola from peanut, papaya, and custard apple were also shown to be aggressive pathogens of avocado, demonstrating a broad host range. An isolate of a Calonectria sp. from blueberry and avocado isolates of Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, and D. anthuriicola caused significant root rot but not stunting within 5 to 9 weeks of inoculation. An isolate of an Ilyonectria sp. from grapevine closely related to Ilyonectria liriodendri, and avocado isolates of Cylindrocladiella pseudoinfestans, Gliocladiopsis peggii, and an Ilyonectria sp. were not pathogenic to avocado.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of the Broad-Host-Range Vibriophage KVP40: Comparative Genomics of a T4-Related Bacteriophage

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (17) ◽  
pp. 5220-5233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Miller ◽  
John F. Heidelberg ◽  
Jonathan A. Eisen ◽  
William C. Nelson ◽  
A. Scott Durkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Group I Introns ◽  
Repair Enzymes ◽  
Group I

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequence of the T4-like, broad-host-range vibriophage KVP40 has been determined. The genome sequence is 244,835 bp, with an overall G+C content of 42.6%. It encodes 386 putative protein-encoding open reading frames (CDSs), 30 tRNAs, 33 T4-like late promoters, and 57 potential rho-independent terminators. Overall, 92.1% of the KVP40 genome is coding, with an average CDS size of 587 bp. While 65% of the CDSs were unique to KVP40 and had no known function, the genome sequence and organization show specific regions of extensive conservation with phage T4. At least 99 KVP40 CDSs have homologs in the T4 genome (Blast alignments of 45 to 68% amino acid similarity). The shared CDSs represent 36% of all T4 CDSs but only 26% of those from KVP40. There is extensive representation of the DNA replication, recombination, and repair enzymes as well as the viral capsid and tail structural genes. KVP40 lacks several T4 enzymes involved in host DNA degradation, appears not to synthesize the modified cytosine (hydroxymethyl glucose) present in T-even phages, and lacks group I introns. KVP40 likely utilizes the T4-type sigma-55 late transcription apparatus, but features of early- or middle-mode transcription were not identified. There are 26 CDSs that have no viral homolog, and many did not necessarily originate from Vibrio spp., suggesting an even broader host range for KVP40. From these latter CDSs, an NAD salvage pathway was inferred that appears to be unique among bacteriophages. Features of the KVP40 genome that distinguish it from T4 are presented, as well as those, such as the replication and virion gene clusters, that are substantially conserved.

scholarly journals The first genomic resources for Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, a soil-borne pezizomycete pathogen with a broad host range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakradhar Mattupalli ◽  
Jason Shiller ◽  
Prasanna Kankanala ◽  
Nick D Krom ◽  
Stephen Marek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Phymatotrichopsis Omnivora

Phymatotrichopsis omnivora is a destructive plant pathogen causing root rot disease of alfalfa, cotton, pecan, grape, and many other important dicotyledonous species. A member of the family Rhizinaceae, in the class Pezizomycetes, P. omnivora is a soilborne ascomycete fungus that is difficult to maintain in culture, currently genetically intractable, and for which there are no publicly available genomic resources. We have generated draft genome sequences of four P. omnivora isolates obtained from cotton and alfalfa, growing in Texas and Oklahoma, USA. These genome sequences will provide new insights into the biology of the fungus, including the factors responsible for its broad host range and pathogenicity.

Host specificity and vegetative compatibility of Dutch isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim J. Blok ◽  
Gerrit J. Bollen
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Narrow Host Range

The host range of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi (Foa) was studied in inoculation experiments with 21 plant species. Typical root rot symptoms were incited only in asparagus, in all experiments; lupin and pea were susceptible under in vitro conditions but showed only mild symptoms occasionally when tested in soil; none of the other species showed external disease symptoms. Root colonization by Foa was studied for 14 plant species. The pathogen was detected in externally disinfested roots of all species except leek and onion, with asparagus the most extensively colonized species. Asparagus was not susceptible to isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. pisi, lupini, cepae, lilii, and gladioli and Fusarium sacchari var. elongatum. Naturally infested field soil was planted twice for 11 – 13 weeks with 11 plant species, including asparagus and several symptomless hosts, and subsequently with asparagus as a biotest plant. Of these crops, only asparagus greatly increased the severity of Foa root rot. It was concluded that Foa has a narrow host range as a pathogen but a broad host range as a parasite. The consequences of the latter for the epidemiology of Foa are discussed. Twenty-four Foa isolates were assigned to 18 different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs); three additional F. oxysporum isolates, which were not pathogenic on asparagus, each belonged to a unique VCG. These findings indicate that the Dutch Foa population is very diverse genetically, as was found previously for the Foa population in the United States. Key words: asparagus, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi, host range, lupin, pea, symptomless hosts, vegetative compatibility.

scholarly journals Symbiosis islands of Loteae-nodulating Mesorhizobium comprise three radiating lineages with concordant nod gene complements and nodulation host-range groupings

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Perry ◽  
John T. Sullivan ◽  
Elena Colombi ◽  
Riley J.T. Murphy ◽  
Joshua P. Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Motifs ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Elements ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Group I ◽  
Core Genes

Mesorhizobium is a genus of soil bacteria, some isolates of which form an endosymbiotic relationship with diverse legumes of the Loteae tribe. The symbiotic genes of these mesorhizobia are generally carried on integrative and conjugative elements termed symbiosis islands (ICESyms). Mesorhizobium strains that nodulate Lotus spp. have been divided into host-range groupings. Group I (GI) strains nodulate L. corniculatus and L. japonicus ecotype Gifu, while group II (GII) strains have a broader host range, which includes L. pedunculatus. To identify the basis of this extended host range, and better understand Mesorhizobium and ICESym genomics, the genomes of eight Mesorhizobium strains were completed using hybrid long- and short-read assembly. Bioinformatic comparison with previously sequenced mesorhizobia genomes indicated host range was not predicted by Mesorhizobium genospecies but rather by the evolutionary relationship between ICESym symbiotic regions. Three radiating lineages of Loteae ICESyms were identified on this basis, which correlate with Lotus spp. host-range grouping and have lineage-specific nod gene complements. Pangenomic analysis of the completed GI and GII ICESyms identified 155 core genes (on average 30.1 % of a given ICESym). Individual GI or GII ICESyms carried diverse accessory genes with an average of 34.6 % of genes unique to a given ICESym. Identification and comparative analysis of NodD symbiotic regulatory motifs – nod boxes – identified 21 branches across the NodD regulons. Four of these branches were associated with seven genes unique to the five GII ICESyms. The nod boxes preceding the host-range gene nodZ in GI and GII ICESyms were disparate, suggesting regulation of nodZ may differ between GI and GII ICESyms. The broad host-range determinant(s) of GII ICESyms that confer nodulation of L. pedunculatus are likely present amongst the 53 GII-unique genes identified.

scholarly journals 1615. Isolation of Lytic Bacteriophages with Broad Host Range Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Respiratory Samples from Cystic Fibrosis Patients Intended for Therapeutic Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S801-S801
Author(s):  
Jose Alexander ◽  
Daniel Navas ◽  
Marly Flowers ◽  
Angela Charles ◽  
Amy Carr
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Host Target

Abstract Background With the rise of the antimicrobial resistance between different genera and species of bacteria, Phage Therapy is becoming a more realistic and accessible option for patients with limited or no antimicrobial options. Being able to have rapid access to a collection of clinical active phages is key for rapid implementation of phage therapy. The Microbiology Department at AdventHealth Orlando is performing routine screening of environmental and patient samples for isolation of phages against non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria to develop a Phage Bank. Methods Protocols for phage isolation from environmental sources such as lakes, rivers and sewers and clinical samples were developed. A series of respiratory, throat, stool and urine samples were processed following an internal protocol that includes centrifugation, filtration and enrichment. Clinical samples were centrifugated for 10 minutes, filtered using 0.45µm centrifugation filters, seeded with targeted host bacteria (clinical isolates) and incubated at 35°C for 24 hours. The enriched samples were centrifugated and filtered for a final phage enriched solution. Screening and isolation were performed using the Gracia method over trypticase soybean agar (TSA) for plaque morphology and quantification. Host range screening of other clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa was performed using the new isolated and purified phages. Results 4 lytic phages against clinical strains of P. aeruginosa from patient with diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF), were isolated and purified from 4 different respiratory samples, including sputum and bronchial alveolar lavage. All phages showed phenotypical characteristics of lytic activity. 1 phage was active against 4 strains of P. aeruginosa, 1 phage was active against 2 strains of P. aeruginosa and the remaining 2 phages were active only against the initial host target strain. Conclusion With this study we demonstrated the potential use of clinical samples as source for isolating active bacteriophages against clinically significant bacteria strains. Clinical samples from vulnerable population of patients with chronic infections are part of our routine “phage-hunting” process to stock and grow our Phage Bank project for future clinical use. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Revealing biophysical properties of KfrA-type proteins as a novel class of cytoskeletal, coiled-coil plasmid-encoded proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adamczyk ◽  
E. Lewicka ◽  
R. Szatkowska ◽  
H. Nieznanska ◽  
J. Ludwiczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Dna Binding Sites ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background DNA binding KfrA-type proteins of broad-host-range bacterial plasmids belonging to IncP-1 and IncU incompatibility groups are characterized by globular N-terminal head domains and long alpha-helical coiled-coil tails. They have been shown to act as transcriptional auto-regulators. Results This study was focused on two members of the growing family of KfrA-type proteins encoded by the broad-host-range plasmids, R751 of IncP-1β and RA3 of IncU groups. Comparative in vitro and in silico studies on KfrAR751 and KfrARA3 confirmed their similar biophysical properties despite low conservation of the amino acid sequences. They form a wide range of oligomeric forms in vitro and, in the presence of their cognate DNA binding sites, they polymerize into the higher order filaments visualized as “threads” by negative staining electron microscopy. The studies revealed also temperature-dependent changes in the coiled-coil segment of KfrA proteins that is involved in the stabilization of dimers required for DNA interactions. Conclusion KfrAR751 and KfrARA3 are structural homologues. We postulate that KfrA type proteins have moonlighting activity. They not only act as transcriptional auto-regulators but form cytoskeletal structures, which might facilitate plasmid DNA delivery and positioning in the cells before cell division, involving thermal energy.

scholarly journals Further Support of Conspecificity of Oak and Mango Powdery Mildew and First Report of Erysiphe quercicola and Erysiphe alphitoides on Mango in Mainland Europe

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1086-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau ◽  
Marie Massot ◽  
Nicolas Feau ◽  
Tania Fort ◽  
Antonio de Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
First Report ◽  
Erysiphe Quercicola ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Mango Leaves ◽  
Practical Implications

Mango leaves and inflorescences infected by powdery mildew in southern Spain were analyzed using multigene sequencing (ITS + 4 single-copy coding genes) to identify the causal agent. Erysiphe quercicola was detected in 97% out of 140 samples, collected in six different orchards in the Malaga region. Among these, a small proportion also yielded E. alphitoides (8% of all samples) and E. alphitoides was found alone in 3% of samples. A phylogenetic approach was completed by cross inoculations between oak and mango, which led to typical symptoms, supporting the conspecificity of oak and mango powdery mildews. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. quercicola and E. alphitoides causing powdery mildew on mango trees in mainland Spain, and thus mainland Europe, based on unequivocal phylogenetic and biological evidence. Our study thus confirmed the broad host range of both E. quercicola and E. alphitoides. These results have practical implications in terms of the demonstrated ability for host range expansion in powdery mildews. They also open interesting prospects to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the ability to infect single versus multiple and unrelated host plants since these two closely related powdery mildew species belong to a small clade with both generalist and specialist powdery mildews.

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